Finding a needle in the haystack: Regional analysis of suitable Eld’s deer (Cervus eldi) forest in Southeast Asia

For species whose decline preceded the modern era and whose distribution is in the developing world, it is difficult to map suitable habitat across its former range. Eld’s deer (Cervus eldi) is an endangered cervid whose range across Southeast Asia was reduced during the last century to disjoint populations in Myanmar and Cambodia. We used ecological data from the present populations to determine landscape and habitat parameters that would help us predict the occurrence of the species in forests not yet surveyed. The suitable-forest GIS model was created using four readily available datasets for elevation, forest type, canopy closure, and human density. Comparison of the GIS model with 24 verified sightings of Eld’s deer during recent large mammal surveys in Cambodia, found 22 sightings (92%) within predicted suitable forest. Use the suitable-forest GIS model to survey a province in southern Lao People’s Democratic Republic, located a single, previously unreported population from 9 patches surveyed. In a separate analysis, a logistic regression model to predict Eld’s deer habitat in Northern Cambodia found percent tree cover, presence of wetlands, and distance to villages as the best predictors of deer, similar to variables used in the GIS model, with the exception of the importance of wetlands. Using mean annual rainfall to rank suitable-forest patches identified in the GIS model indicated dry dipterocarp forests in Northeastern Cambodia and Northern Myanmar have the highest potential to conserve eld’s deer. Examination of the suitable-forest GIS map and current protected areas indicated only Cambodia, with 11% suitable forest protected, has placed sufficient dry dipterocarp forest under protected status. Other Southeast Asia countries have not recognized dry dipterocarp forest as a significant ecotype worthy of conservation status.     

东南亚某国X-2水电坝址区岩体工程力学参数特性研究

在翔实的地质勘探资料的基础上对X-2水电工程坝址区主要出露的玄武岩、砂岩、黏土岩的工程特性进行了深入的研究,得出准确的岩体力学参数,为工程设计提供了科学依据。     

闽东南天然降雨雨滴特征的研究

该文在实测滴谱资料的基础上建立了闽东南地区雨滴大小分布函数。F=1-exp[-(d/3.58I^0.28)^5.19I0.11]并导出了雨滴中数直径、动能与雨强的关系为D₅₀=3.34I^0.29和E=36.04I^0.29。笔者认为两型对雨滴特征是有影响的。     

不同种植年限盐碱荒地土壤盐分离子分布特征

<正>甘肃沿黄灌区是继河西走廊之后的第二个综合农业商品生产基地,辖19个县区,区域面积约4.5×104km2,占全省总土地面积的10.54%和总人口的24.7%。由于有黄河及其众多支流的水源,从20世纪60年代开始,相继建成了景电、兴电、刘川、靖会、引大、皋兰西岔、榆中三角城等几十处电力提灌工程,农田实灌面积达3.845×105hm2,极大地改善了这一区域的农业生产条件,产生了良好的经济和社会效益[1-3]。在沿黄灌区,高扬程灌溉是其农业的主体,约占全区灌溉面积的90%左右,也是甘     

基于劳动投入回报率的重要农业文化遗产保护经济驱动分析——以河北宽城传统板栗栽培系统为例

城市化和工业化背景下,传统小规模农业一直被认为是经济效益较低的产业。重要农业文化遗产地的小规模农业已有上千年的历史,至今仍发挥生计功能,为何仍有大量农户在从事农业生产?为解释这个现象,本文选取中国重要农业文化遗产——河北宽城板栗栽培系统为例,以宽城板栗种植户为单位,采用随机抽样问卷调查法收集数据,构建劳动投入回报模型,计算农户板栗种植和外出务工的劳动投入回报率。研究结果表明:宽城板栗种植户使用化肥和农药比例不高,耕地面积小(0.57 hm~2·户~(–1)),田间管理、采摘是板栗种植消耗劳动量较多的农事活动,年均只需要投入121.4人·d·户~(–1)的劳动量;外出务工劳动力约2人·户~(–1),人均务工时间为8.9月·a~(–1),每年每户外出务工的总劳动量为537人·d·户~(–1),是板栗种植劳动投入的4.4倍。板栗价格相对略高,每户种植板栗所获得的收入是15 623.3元·户~(–1);农民文化程度较低、技能不足,外出务工的月收入较低,每户劳动力外出务工所获得年收入为59 243.7元·户~(–1)。但从农户劳动投入回报率的角度看,小规模板栗种植业较外出务工高约1.2倍。这一结果与人们对农业低效益的普遍印象存在较大差别,也从经济维度解释了多数农户不愿意放弃板栗种植的原因。板栗种植需要的劳动量较少,使得农户有大量的剩余劳动力从事非农产业,农户兼业化是充分利用剩余劳动力以适应社会转型的适应性现象。