艾灸足三里、肾俞穴对骨性关节炎模型大鼠PGE2、NO 及 IL-1β的影响

观察艾灸足三里、肾俞穴对骨性关节炎（OA）模型大鼠关节液中前列腺素E2（PGE2）、一氧化氮（NO）及血清中白细胞介素-1β（IL-1β）水平的影响，进一步研究艾灸足三里、肾俞穴干预 OA 炎症发生发展的作用机制。将24只 SPF 级健康雌性 SD 大鼠随机分为 Sham 组、对照组和艾灸组。通过切除双侧卵巢并切断右侧膝交叉及内侧副韧带建立 OA 动物模型，术后第4周，艾灸组给予艾灸足三里和肾俞穴治疗，Sham组及模型灌服2 ml 的生理盐水，分别于术后第4、8周采用酶联免疫吸附法（ELISA）法测定关节液中 PGE2、NO 及血清中 IL-1β的水平，对比各组数据。术后第 8周，艾灸组关节液中的 PGE2、NO 较 Sham 组明显升高（P ＜0．01），较对照组明显减少（P ＜0．05），较 Sham 组明显升高（P ＜0．01），艾灸组血清中 IL-1β的水平较对照组明显减弱（P ＜0．01）；艾灸组关节液中的 PGE2较术后第4周明显减少（P ＜0．05），其关节液中的 NO 及血清中 IL-1β较术后第4周明显减少（P ＜0．01）。艾灸足三里、肾俞穴能明显抑制 OA 大鼠关节液中 PGE2、NO 及血清中的 IL-1β水平，减缓 OA 炎症的发生发展，可作为 OA 的有效治疗方法。     

实验性肉种鸡葡萄球菌关节炎的发病机制——左旋氧氟沙星治疗后鸡血清细胞因子水平的动态变化

5周龄健康艾维茵内鸡120羽随机均分为空白对照组、药物对照组、感染组和药物治疗组。人工复制鸡葡萄球菌性关节炎的病理模型，并用左旋氧氟沙星治疗，测定血清中IL-1β、IL-2、TNF—α的动态变化。结果表明：整个试验过程中，感染组及感染治疗组血清中IL-1β、IL-2、TNF—α的水平与空白对照组相比，均有不同程度的升高；感染治疗组与感染组比较，血清中IL-1β的含量给药后1、7、14、21、28d差异显著（P〈0.05）；血清中IL-2的含量7、14、21、28、35d差异显著（P〈0．05）；血清中TNF-α的含量5、7、14、28d差异显著（P〈0．05）。由此认为上述3种细胞因子参与了鸡葡萄球菌关节炎的发生、发展，且IL-1β、TNF—α以损伤为主。     

云南松松塔提取物对H22实体瘤小鼠模型的抑瘤作用

研究云南松松塔乙醇提取物(PEA)和碱水提取醇沉物(PED)对H22实体瘤小鼠的抑瘤作用。建立H22实体瘤小鼠模型,随机分组,灌胃给药,1次/d,给药10d。末次给药24h后,取血检测γ干扰素(IFN-γ)、白细胞介素-2(IL-2)、白细胞介素-4(IL-4)和白细胞介素-10(IL-10)含量;剥离肿瘤组织并称重,计算抑瘤率;检测肿瘤组织匀浆中环氧化酶-2(COX-2)和前列腺素E2(PGE2)含量;石蜡包埋HE染色观察肿瘤细胞病理组织学变化。结果显示,PEA和PED各剂量组小鼠平均肿瘤重量较模型组显著减小;最大抑瘤率分别达46.11%和58.05%。PEA和PED各剂量组小鼠外周血中IFN-γ和IL-2含量较模型组显著升高;IL-4和IL-10含量较模型组显著降低。PEA和PED各剂量组小鼠肿瘤组织中COX-2和PGE2含量较模型组显著减少;给药组正常肿瘤组织减少,有出血和坏死,脂肪组织增多。结果表明,PEA和PED可抑制H22实体瘤小鼠的肿瘤生长,其机制与调节Th1/Th2细胞平衡和抑制COX-2与PGE2的表达有关。     

NO、TNF和IL-2与新型鸭肝炎病毒感染雏鸭肝脑组织损伤的关系

用新型鸭肝炎病毒人工感染9日龄健康樱桃谷雏鸭，对感染后12、24、48、96、168h和14d雏鸭血液、肝和脑组织中一氧化氮（NO）含量，血液中肿瘤坏死因子（TNF）和白细胞介素2（IL-2）含量进行了测定，同时对感染雏鸭的组织病理学变化进行了观察。结果表明．血清中NO含量在接种后48h开始升高，一直持续到接种后96h，接种后7d恢复正常；肝脏组织中NO含量仅在接种后24h与对照组比较显著升高，在其他时间未表现有差异；脑组织中NO含量在整个试验期间没有变化。血清中的TNF和IL-2含量在接种后24h均表现升高，接种后96h降低，其他时间无改变。感染雏鸭的肝组织在接种后24h表现出血性坏死性肝炎变化，接种后48～96h呈增生性病变，而接种后各时期脑组织均呈非化脓性脑炎变化。由此表明，新型鸭肝炎病毒感染可导致雏鸭体内NO、TNF和IL-2发生变化，并且与肝组织损伤、疾病的发生发展有关。     

精氨酸双糖苷对脂多糖诱导的巨噬细胞分泌炎症因子的影响

为研究精氨酸双糖苷(AFG)体外的抗炎机制,以脂多糖(LPS)刺激小鼠单核巨噬细胞(RAW264.7)作为炎症模型,用精氨酸双糖苷(AFG)的低、中、高(5、10、20 mg/L)三个剂量进行干预后,MTT法测定细胞毒性作用,Griess法测定一氧化氮(NO)生成量,ELISA法检测细胞上清液中白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)及前列腺素E2(PGE2)的分泌量。结果表明:AFG的三个不同剂量对RAW264.7细胞无抑制作用(P0.05),各浓度给药组的NO、IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α和PGE2含量与LPS刺激模型组相比较都显著降低(P0.01),推想AFG的抗炎活性可能是通过抑制NO和PGE2等炎症介质释放,降低IL-1β、IL-6和TNF-α等炎症因子的含量而发挥了作用。     

不同体细胞评分奶牛血清和乳清中TNF-α、Il-6的检测

本试验探讨了细胞因子含量的变化与体细胞数的关系,确定其变化是否由乳房炎引起,为今后乳房炎的诊治提供参考依据。依据奶牛生产性能测定体细胞数的检测结果,将82头泌乳奶牛分为低体细胞组（体细胞评分≤2分）、中体细胞组（29〈体细胞评分≤6分）和高体细胞组（体细胞评分〉6分）,分别检测各组奶牛血清和乳清中细胞因子TNF-a、IL-6的含量,对结果采用SPSS分析。结果显示,随着体细胞数的增加,血清和乳清中TNF—a的含量呈上升趋势;乳清样本各组间TNF-a含量差异显著,高体细胞组显著高于低体细胞组（P〈0．05）,中体细胞组TNF—a的含量极显著高于低体细胞组（P〈0．01）。血清样本中IL-6的含量差异显著,中体细胞组血清中IL-6的含量显著高于低体细胞组（P〈0．05）,高体细胞组与低体细胞组血清中IL-6的含量差异接近显著（P值为0．059）。     

膏芩口服液对内毒素诱导小型猪发热的影响

本研究旨在探索膏芩口服液对内毒素发热小型猪的解热效果及机制。40头试验小型猪,随机分为4组:对照组、模型组、安乃近组、膏芩口服液组,每组10头。采用大肠杆菌内毒素(LPS)80μg.kg-1,连续2次,间隔12 h,腹腔注射攻毒复制试验猪发热模型,第1次攻毒6 h后,对照组和模型组灌服生理盐水;安乃近组注射安乃近;膏芩口服液组灌服膏芩口服液,1次.d-1,连续3 d。分别监测每组6头试验猪的基础体温和攻毒给药后1、3、5、24、30、42、54 h肛温,观察临床症状并评分,并在54 h时,各组试验猪前腔静脉采血,检测血清中TNFα-、IL-1、cAMP、PGE2的含量。结果表明,与模型组相比,膏芩口服液组能显著缓解内毒素所引起的小型猪发热临床症状,降低体温;与对照组相比,模型组中TNF-α、PGE2、cAMP、IL-1显著增加(P<0.05);与模型组相比,膏芩口服液组能显著降低血清TNF-α、PGE2、cAMP含量(P<0.05),但对于IL-1作用不显著(P>0.05)。由此可见,膏芩口服液能明显抑制内毒素所引起的小型猪发热,其解热作用的机制可能与抑制血清细胞因子TNFα-的生成,减少发热介质PGE2和c...     

非酯化脂肪酸对体外培养犊牛原代肝细胞中炎性因子表达及其活性的影响

在建立犊牛原代肝细胞体外培养模型的基础上，通过培养液中添加不同浓度的非酯化脂肪酸（Nonesterifiedfatty acids，NEFAs），运用实时荧光定量PCR和ELISA方法，测定NEFAs对肝细胞中炎性因子TNFα、IL-6和IL-1β的mRNA表达及其活性的影响。结果显示，NEFAs作用肝细胞9h后，与对照组相比，高浓度NEFAs（1．8mmol／L）组肝细胞中TNFα、IL-1β的mRNA表达水平显著增加（P〈0．05），IL-6的mRNA表达水平在2．4retool／L时极显著增加（P〈0．01），低浓度NEFAs（0．6、1．2mmol／L）组肝细胞中TNFα、IL-1β和IL-6的mRNA表达水平无显著差异（P〉0．05）；并且TNFα、IL-1G的活性在NEFAs浓度达到1．8、2．4mmol／L显著高于对照组（P〈0．01），且呈剂量依赖性作用，IL-6的活性在在NEFAs浓度达到1．8mmol／L显著高于对照组（P〈0．01），在2．4mmol／L也高于对照组，但差异不显著。结果表明，高浓度NEFAs在-定程度上能引起或加剧奶牛肝细胞炎性反应，可能是导致产后奶牛肝功能炎性损伤主要因素。     

清温消热饮对小鼠LPS致炎模型血清中炎性因子的影响

为了解促炎、抗炎细胞因子在小鼠LPS致炎模型中的动态变化,探讨中药方剂清温消热饮的抗炎治疗作用,采用酶联免疫法测定112例用LPS致小鼠急性炎症模型治疗过程中血清中促炎因子(TNF-α、IL-1β、PGE2)、抗炎因子(IL-10)含量。与LPS致小鼠急性炎症模型组比较:清温消热饮组在18、24 h血清中IL-1β含量明显降低,差异显著(P0.05);清温消热饮组在6、12、18 h血清中TNF-α含量明显降低,6、18 h差异显著(P0.05),12 h差异极显著(P0.01);清温消热饮组血清中的PGE2含量均低于模型组,在6、18、24、36 h时血清中的PGE2含量明显降低,差异极显著(P0.01);清温消热饮组在18、48 h血清中IL-10含量明显升高,差异极显著(P0.01)。同时,清温消热饮组与地塞米松组在各时间段血清中TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-10、PGE2含量无显著差异(P0.05)。结果表明,清温消热饮在急性炎症模型中能有效降低血清促炎因子TNF-α、IL-1β、PGE2含量水平,提升抗炎因子(IL-10)含量水平以表现出明显的抗炎作用。     

家禽白细胞介素2的研究进展

白细胞介素2（Interleukin-2，IL-2）是一种T细胞生长因子，它还兼有很多免疫调节功能和其他生物学活性。家禽IL-2的结构与哺乳类动物IL-2的结构不同，其功能也有一定差异。目前对于家禽IL-2的认识还远落后于哺乳类动物IL-2。     

Synovial Fluid Cytokines and Eicosanoids as Markers of Joint Disease in Horses

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the value of various synovial fluid cytokines and eicosanoids to diagnose joint disease or categories of joint disease. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective acquisition of clinicopathologic data. ANIMALS OR SAMPLE POPULATION: Client-owned or donated horses: 50 joints with no evidence of disease; 28 joints with acute disease; 32 joints with chronic disease; 9 joints with cartilage damage and no other signs of joint disease. METHODS: Concentrations of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), interleukin-6 (IL-6), prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)), thromboxane B(2) (TXB(2)), prostaglandin F1-alpha (PGF(1)-alpha), and leukotriene B(4) (LTB(4)), were measured in equine synovial fluid by immunoassay and categorized according to duration and degree of joint disease. Any test value for a given category that was different from normal was further analyzed for sensitivity (S), specificity (Sp), and operating point (most valid test cutoff value). Likelihood ratios and predictive values were calculated at the operating point. Mediator concentrations were correlated to synovial fluid white blood cell count. Tests were reported as poor, fair, good, or excellent based on predictive values of <.25,.25-.5,.5-.75, or >.75, respectively. RESULTS: TNF synovial fluid concentration as a predictor of joint disease was good, and the value of TNF (maximum S and Sp) indicating joint disease was >36 pg/mL. IL-1beta as a predictor of joint disease was good, and the value of IL-1beta indicating joint disease was >4.5 pg/mL. IL-6 concentration was an excellent predictor of joint disease. Any IL-6 in synovial fluid indicated joint disease and correlated highly with synovial fluid white blood cell count (P <.0001). PGE(2) was a good-excellent predictor of disease (positive predictive value [PPV] = 0.75), and the concentration indicating joint disease was >22.5 pg/mL. The diagnostic PGF(1)-alpha concentration indicating severe chronic joint disease was identified to be >16.5 pg/mL with very high sensitivity (S = 1) and specificity (Sp =.89). PGF(1)-alpha concentrations > 9.5 pg/mL had a good PPV (.69) and NPV (.6) for any joint disease. TBX(2) concentrations below 31.5 pg/mL (S =.57; Sp =.61) were a very good predictor of joint disease (PPV =.72). LTB(4) concentration appeared to be greater in severe acute joint disease than normal joints; this was not significant (P =.15) and correlated highly with synovial fluid white blood cell count (P =.0001). CONCLUSIONS: The ability of a single value from a joint in an adult horse predicting the presence of joint disease was often good (.5-.75), and was excellent (> or =.75) for IL-6 and PGE(2). TNF-alpha and IL-1beta were no more effective than white blood cell count in screening for joint disease. IL-6 was the most sensitive and specific for joint disease and could be an excellent screening test for the presence of joint disease when lameness is difficult to identify or is intermittent. PGE(2) would be a functional screening test for the presence of any joint disease and offers a differentiating feature because values were not influenced by white blood cell count. PGF(1)-alpha values > 16.5 pg/mL identified chronic severe joint disease and may be clinically useful when there are minimal radiographic changes but substantial articular cartilage degradation.     

Interleukin-1beta and tumor necrosis factor-alpha produce distinct, time-dependent patterns of acute arthritis in the rat knee

Interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) synergistically induce and sustain arthritis. Two competing hypotheses of arthritis induction are 1) that TNF preferentially mediates inflammation, whereas IL-1 impels bone destruction, or 2) that either cytokine controls the entire process. In this study, these propositions were tested in two experiments by instilling IL-1beta or TNF-alpha into one knee of Lewis rats (n = 6/group) to incite arthritis, after which semiquantitative scores for inflammation, bone resorption, osteoclasts, and cartilage integrity were acquired. In the induction study, IL-1beta or TNF-alpha (3, 10, or 30 micro g) was given once to incite arthritis. After 2 days, IL-1beta induced significant, dose-dependent increases in inflammation (mild to marked), bone resorption (minimal to moderate), and osteoclasts (minimal to moderate). In contrast, TNF-alpha induced minimal to mild inflammation but had little impact on resorption or osteoclasts. Both IL-1 and TNF (>/=10 micro g) yielded mild cartilage degeneration. Most lesion scores in TNF-treated rats were significantly lower than those in animals given the same dose of IL-1beta. In the persistence study, rats were injected once with IL-1 or TNF (10 micro g) and maintained for 2, 3, or 7 days. IL-1beta significantly enhanced inflammation (all 3 days), bone resorption (days 2 and 3), osteoclasts (days 2 and 3), and cartilage matrix loss (days 2 and 3), whereas TNF-alpha augmented inflammation (days 2 and 3) and cartilage degeneration (day 2) but not bone resorption or osteoclasts. Thus, both IL-1beta and TNF-alpha can launch inflammation, but IL-1beta drives skeletal destruction.     

Effect of recombinant interleukin-10 on some haematological and biochemical parameters in a rat endotoxaemic model

Recombinant interleukin-10 (rIL10) has been found to suppress the synthesis of tumour necrosis factor (TNF), interleukin-1 (IL-1), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tissue factor and to improve survival from experimental sepsis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the protective effect of rIL-10 on lipopolysaccharide-(LPS-) induced haematological and biochemical disturbances in rats. In the present study, 40 rats were used and divided equally into four groups. Group 1 (control group, C) was treated with 0.9% saline. Group 2: LPS was injected intravenously (1.6 mg/100 g), Group 3 received rIL10 treatment (125 μg/kg) 2 min before 0.9% saline injection, Group 4 received rIL10 treatment 2 min before endotoxin treatment. When compared with the controls, platelet count, leukocyte count (with a marked neutrophilia and lymphopenia) and fibrinogen were decreased, while activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) and prothrombin time (PT) were prolonged in the endotoxaemic rats. In addition, LPS caused statistically significant increases in plasma aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activities as well as creatinine, cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations, while it caused a statistically significant decrease in glucose, total protein and albumin levels as compared to the control group. On the other hand, rIL10 significantly suppressed disturbances in the haematological and biochemical parameters associated with endotoxaemia. As a result, rIL10 may be efficacious in preventing haematological disorders, tissue damage and changes in lipid, protein and carbohydrate metabolism in endotoxaemia.     

Tissue chamber model of acute inflammation in farm animal species

A tissue chamber model of acute inflammation for use in comparative studies in calves, sheep, goats and pigs has been established and validated. Tissue chambers were prepared from silicon rubber tubing, of inner diameter 12.7 mm, length 115 mm and volume 15 ml, with 10 holes, each of 6mm diameter, at each end. In each animal two or four chambers were inserted at subcutaneous sites. Six weeks after implantation an acute inflammatory reaction in a single cage was generated by the intracaveal injection of 0.5 ml of 1% carrageenan solution. Serial samples of exudate (injected chamber), transudate (non-injected chamber) and blood were collected for measurement of exudate and transudate leucocyte count, prostaglandin (PG)E(2) concentration in exudate and serum thromboxane (Tx)B(2) concentration. In addition, skin temperature changes over exudate and transudate chambers were recorded. In all four species, carrageenan induced an acute inflammatory response, indicated by increases to peak values followed by return towards baseline in skin temperature, leucocyte count and PGE(2) concentration. For each of these variables in calves, sheep and goats the increases were significantly greater for exudate than for transudate. The degree of intra-species variation in each variable was acceptable. Marked inter-species differences were recorded: skin temperature rise was greatest in calves and least in sheep and goats; exudate PGE(2) concentration was increased in the order sheep>goat>pig>calf; serum TxB(2) concentration was increased in the order calf>goat>sheep>pig and exudate leucocyte count was increased to a greater extent in the pig than in the three ruminant species. The model has advantages over some previously described tissue chamber models of inflammation and will be suitable for use in comparative studies of inflammatory mechanisms and the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of anti-inflammatory drugs.     

Changes in peripheral blood leucocyte counts and subpopulations after experimental infection with BVDV and/or Mannheimia haemolytica

Leucocyte counts and subpopulations were studied in peripheral blood from calves experimentally infected in the respiratory tract with either bovine virus diarrhoea virus (BVDV) or Mannheimia haemolytica (Mh), or with a combination of both agents (BVDV/Mh). A non-inoculated control group was included. Peripheral blood samples were obtained for total leucocyte counts, and for neutrophil, lymphocyte and monocyte counts. The numbers of blood lymphocytes expressing the surface antigens CD4, CD8, WC1, B and IL-2R were analysed using flow cytometry. The results showed that BVDV inoculation induced a significant decrease in total leucocyte counts and in neutrophil and lymphocyte numbers, while Mh inoculation induced significant increases in total leucocyte counts and neutrophils, while the lymphocyte count decreased. In the BVDV/Mh group, the total leucocyte count and the lymphocyte numbers decreased significantly. In this group, the lymphocyte numbers remained on a very low level throughout the rest of the study. The numbers of CD4+, CD8+ and WC1+ lymphocytes decreased significantly compared with before inoculations mainly in the BVDV and BVDV/Mh groups. The drops were most pronounced in the BVDV/Mh group. The numbers of B+ lymphocytes and IL-2R+ cells did not change significantly.     

Effects of proinflammatory cytokines on canine articular chondrocytes in a three-dimensional culture

OBJECTIVE: To determine the effects of interleukin (IL)-1 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha on canine chondrocytes cultured in an agarose-based 3-dimensional (3-D) system. SAMPLE POPULATION: Humeral head articular cartilage chondrocytes obtained from 6 adult dogs. PROCEDURE: Chondrocytes were cultured in a 3-D system for < or = 12 days in serum-free medium with IL 1alpha, IL-1beta, or TNF-alpha at concentrations of 20, 50, or 100 ng/mL. After 1, 3, 6, and 12 days, glycosaminoglycan (GAG) concentrations in 3-D constructs; nitric oxide and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) concentrations in media samples; and relative expressions of selected genes, including metalloproteinase (MMP)-13 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-1 and TIMP-2, were evaluated. Control specimens were comprised of chondrocytes cultured without proinflammatory cytokines. RESULTS: In control 3-D constructs, GAG content was significantly higher than for all other constructs. Compared with control values, relative expressions of MMP-13, TIMP-1, and TIMP-2 genes in the IL-1beta (50 ng/mL) group were significantly higher at day 1; at all evaluations, media concentrations of nitric oxide were significantly higher in all TNF-alpha-treated cultures; and concentrations of PGE2 in media samples were significantly higher in the IL-1beta (50 ng/mL) and IL-1beta (100 ng/mL) groups at days 1 and 3, in the IL-1beta (100 ng/mL) group at day 6, and in all TNF-alpha groups at days 1, 3, and 6. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results suggested that TNF-alpha more readily induces production of nitric oxide and PGE2 by canine chondrocytes, compared with IL-1beta. In vitro, IL-1alpha appeared to have a minimal effect on canine chondrocytes.     

穿王消炎粉对LPS诱导大鼠急性肺损伤的治疗作用

【目的】 研究穿王消炎粉对脂多糖(LPS)诱导大鼠急性肺损伤(ALI)的治疗作用。【方法】 将60只SD雄性大鼠随机分入空白组、左氧氟沙星阳性药物对照组、LPS模型组及穿王消炎粉低(1 g/kg体重)、中(2 g/kg体重)、高(4 g/kg体重)剂量组,每组10只。模型组和给药组大鼠经滴鼻法给予LPS(3 mg/kg体重)制备大鼠ALI模型,24 h后,给药组分别灌胃相应浓度的穿王消炎粉,模型组和空白组灌胃相同体积的生理盐水。治疗4 d后处死大鼠,分离血清、固定并冻存肺脏组织。测定各组大鼠肺脏组织湿/干重比;HE染色观察大鼠肺脏组织病理学变化;ELISA法检测血清中白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)、IL-6含量;采用实时荧光定量PCR和Western blotting法检测肺脏组织中IL-1β、IL-6 mRNA表达水平和蛋白表达量。【结果】 与空白组相比,LPS模型组大鼠出现肺间质壁增厚,肺泡腔内炎性细胞浸润、出血,肺泡结构破坏等肺损伤症状,肺组织的湿/干重比极显著升高(P<0.01),血清中IL-1β、IL-6含量和肺脏组织中IL-1β、IL-6 mRNA表达水平及蛋白表达量均显著增加(P<0.05)。与LPS模型组相比,各给药组大鼠肺间质增宽现象有所改善,肺组织的湿/干重比、血清和肺脏组织中炎性因子IL-1β、IL-6 mRNA表达水平及蛋白表达量均显著降低(P<0.05)。【结论】 穿王消炎粉可有效抑制LPS诱导的急性肺部损伤和炎症程度。     

Effects of dietary supplementation with fish oil on in vivo production of inflammatory mediators in clinically normal dogs

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of diets enriched with eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) on in vivo production of interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and platelet-activating factor (PAF) in dogs. ANIMALS: 15 young healthy dogs. PROCEDURES: Dogs were randomly allocated to receive an isocaloric ration supplemented with sunflower oil (n=5), fish oil (5), or fish oil plus vitamin E (5) for 12 weeks. At week 12, in vivo production of inflammatory mediators was evaluated in serum at multiple time points for 6 hours following stimulation with IV administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). RESULTS: Serum activity or concentration (area under the curve) of IL-1, IL-6, and PGE2 significantly increased after LPS injection in all groups but to a lesser extent in dogs receiving the fish oil diet, compared with results for dogs receiving the sunflower oil diet. Serum activity of TNF-alpha and PAF concentration also increased significantly after LPS injection in all groups but did not differ significantly among groups. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: A fish oil-enriched diet consisting of 1.75 g of EPA/kg of diet and 2.2 g of DHA/kg of diet (dry-matter basis) with an n-6:n-3 fatty acid ratio of 3.4:1 was associated with significant reductions in serum PGE2 concentrations and IL-1 and IL-6 activities. Results supported the use of EPA- and DHA-enriched diets as part of antiinflammatory treatments for dogs with chronic inflammatory diseases. Additional studies in affected dogs are warranted to further evaluate beneficial anti-inflammatory effects of EPA- and DHA-enriched diets.     

Inhibition of interleukin-1 activity by equine synovial fluid.

The presence, in equine synovial fluid, of inhibitors of interleukin-1 (IL-1) activity has been investigated by means of an assay involving IL-1-mediated production of PGE2 by synovial cells. Inhibitors of IL-1 alpha and IL-1 beta were identified in normal synovial fluid and synovial fluid from two horses with early joint disease. Inhibitors of IL-1 alpha were also present in synovial fluid from two horses with long-standing joint disease. However, IL-1 beta inhibitory activity was not present in fluid from the horses with more chronic joint disease. The effect appeared to be specific for IL-1, and not a direct action on PGE2 production, as synovial fluid had no effect on lipopolysaccharide-mediated PGE2 production. It is suggested that the inhibitory activity may be involved physiologically in the control of IL-1 activity in the joint, and the loss of IL-1 inhibition may be at least as important biologically as increased production of IL-1.