植酸酶对仔猪生长性能影响的研究

研究了饲粮中添加不同含量植酸酶对仔猪生产性能的影响 ,并采用全收粪法研究植酸酶对饲料中各成分消化率的影响。结果表明 ,在饲料中添加一定量的植酸酶 ,能促进仔猪生长 ,提高日增重和饲料转化率 ,而且饲料中磷、粗蛋白、灰分和钙的消化率都有显著提高 (P <0 .0 5 )。试验表明 ,植酸酶 6 0 0IU/kg的添加量最为适宜     

日粮中添加不同水平的Lactogene对断奶仔猪生产性能的影响

选用４８ 头３５ 日龄断奶仔猪于断奶后３ ～４ 周内研究在日粮中添加不同水平的Ｌａｃｔｏｇｅｎｅ 对仔猪生产性能的影响。Ｌａｃｔｏｇｅｎｅ 的添加量分别为５５ ×１０５ ，７０ ×１０５ ，８５ ×１０５ 和１０ ×１０４ 。结果表明：Ｌａｃｔｏｇｅｎｅ 不同添加水平对仔猪平均日增重、平均日采食量及饲料转化效率影响差异不显著（Ｐ＞ ０－０５） 。与其它处理组相比，添加８５ ×１０５Ｌａｃｔｏｇｅｎｅ 组的平均日采食量最大，平均日增重以及饲料转化效率也最高。     

详细评价脂肪在断奶仔猪日粮中的应用

猪营养学家、饲料生产商和养猪商一直坚持在断奶仔猪日粮中应用动物和植物油,他们之所以应用这些重要脂肪是因为:①提供高能,脂肪能量高于谷物2.25倍;②有时它们比其它能源更便宜;③减少饲料粉尘,尤其是饲喂粉状日粮;④有利于制粒,减少对压模的磨损.     

脂肪在断奶仔猪日粮中的应用

猪营养学家、饲料生产商和养猪高一直坚持在断奶仔猪日粮中应用动物和值物油,他们之所以应用这些重要脂肪是因为:①提供高能,脂肪能量高于谷物2.25倍;②有时它们比其它能源更便宜;⑧减少饲料粉尘,尤其是饲喂粉状日粮;④有利于制粒,减少对压模的磨损。 然而,时至今日,依然没有研究资料证实复杂的现代断奶仔猪日粮中的高量脂肪对仔猪的营养     

饲料酸制剂在断奶仔猪日粮中的应用

本文从断奶仔猪的消化特性;饲料酸制剂的作用机理;饲料酸制剂的应用效果及影响饲料酸制剂应用效果的因素4方面阐述了饲料酸制剂在断奶仔猪日粮中的应用现状,供同行参阅.     

酸化断奶仔猪日粮的作用相当于添加抗生素

仔猪断奶时会遭受多种应激,比如新环境、新日粮等等,从而导致生长缓慢。美国“2003普度大学养猪日”大会上发表的研究报告表明,在仔猪刚断奶后这关键时期内应用抗生素可提高采食量以及改善生长性能和饲料效率。然而,公众对抗生素导致抗药性的问题日益关注促使养猪业探索用其它方法来取代亚治疗量抗生素的应用。     

饲料香味剂对断奶仔猪采食量和生产性能的影响

猪的采食量和生产性能受饲料的气味以及质量的直接影响(张加秋,2003),所以饲料的适口性问题一直受到广泛重视。饲料香味剂是一种非营养性添加剂,能增加饲料香味,刺激猪的食欲,改善饲料品质,提高适口性以及中和饲料中的一些不良气味,促进消化,降低饲料消耗,提高饲料报酬。近年来,饲料香味剂在养猪业上的推广使用,明显提高了猪的生产性能和经济效益。本试验旨在研究断奶仔猪日粮中添加不同类型香味剂对其生产性能和饲料转化效率的影响。     

外源复合酶对仔猪生产性能的影响

饲用复合酶是一类新型的活性饲料添加剂．不但能补充了动物内源酶的不足．而且有效降低了饲料的抗营养因子，从而提高饲料的营养价值。在日粮中添加一定比例的复合酶，能促进动物对饲料中纤维素、蛋白质、淀粉等营养物质的消化吸收．提高饲料转化率。降低料肉比．从而降低了饲料成本。大量研究结果显示．酶制剂可以提高畜禽生产性能．提高畜禽对营养物质的消化吸收．降低腹泻率等。该试验是在仔猪日粮中添加仔猪复合酶替代部分抗生素。观察其对断奶仔猪生产性能的影响．证明酶制剂在仔猪日粮的应用价值。     

高铜日粮对断奶仔猪的饲喂效果

高铜日粮对断奶仔猪的饲喂效果周桂莲倪莪英栾冬梅夏蓄杜忠亮（东北农业大学动物科学系·哈尔滨·１５００３０）铜是动物必需的微量元素之一。大量资料证明，在猪日粮中添加剂，可提高增重效果和饲料转化率，日粮中的铜含量达到２５０μｇ／ｋｇ时，该矿物质具有促进生长...     

合生素在仔猪生产中的应用研究进展

抗生素在饲料中应用多年,给畜牧业生产带来巨大经济效益的同时也伴随着一系列的负面效应。即由于病原微生物产生耐药性,对动物身体机能、疾病的预防治疗造成不利影响;由于药物在动物产品中残留,对人类食品及环境安全等有长远的影响,其负面效应已经引起消费者的关注。因此,抗生素在饲料     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

Mechanism of Action of Probiotic Function of Lactobacilli

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制.     

Evaluation of serum concentrations of biomarkers of skeletal metabolism and results of radiography as indicators of severity of osteochondrosis in foals

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether serum concentrations of biomarkers of skeletal metabolism can, in conjunction with radiographic evaluation, indicate severity of osteochondrosis in developing horses. ANIMALS: 43 Dutch Warmblood foals with varying severity of osteochondrosis. PROCEDURE: 24 foals were monitored for 5 months and 19 foals were monitored for 11 months. Monthly radiographs of femoropatellar-femorotibial and tibio-tarsal joints were graded for osteochondral abnormalities. Serial blood samples were assayed for 8 cartilage and bone biomarkers. At the end of the monitoring period, foals were examined for macroscopic osteochondrosis lesions. RESULTS: Temporal relationships were evident between certain serum biomarkers and osteochondrosis severity in foals during their first year. Biomarkers of collagen degradation (collagenase-generated neoepitopes of type-II collagen fragments, type-I and -II collagen fragments [COL2-3/4C(short)], and cross-linked telopeptide fragments of type-I collagen) and bone mineralization (osteocalcin) were positive indicators of osteochondrosis severity at 5 months of age. In foals with lesions at 11 months of age, osteochondrosis severity correlated negatively with COL2-3/4C(short) and osteocalcin and positively with C-propeptide of type-II procollagen (CPII), a collagen synthesis marker. Radiographic grading of osteochondrosis lesions significantly correlated with macroscopic osteochondrosis severity score at both ages and was strongest when combined with osteocalcin at 5 months and CPII at 11 months. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The ability of serum biomarkers to indicate osteochondrosis severity appears to depend on stage of disease and is strengthened with radiography. In older foals with more permanent lesions, osteochondrosis severity is significantly related to biomarker concentrations of decreased bone formation and increased cartilage synthesis.