饲用甜菜的生态习性及栽培要点

饲用甜菜(Fodder beet)是黎科甜菜属二年生植物,第一年生长粗大的块根和繁茂的叶丛,第二年抽苔、开花、结籽。饲用甜菜是高产优质的饲用作物,打碎或切丝后可用来直接饲喂家畜,它的适口性好,营养价值丰富,是饲喂猪、牛等各种动物的极好饲料。饲用甜菜的块根和茎叶是各种家畜,特别是猪、乳牛肉牛的良好多汁饲料。据报道,饲用甜菜干物质     

饲用甜菜新品种甜饲1号及配套栽培技术

优质、抗逆、饲用甜菜Beta vulgaris var.新品种甜饲1号是甘肃省农业科学院经济作物研究所通过系统选育方法选育而成的饲用甜菜新品种.该品种丰产、抗盐碱、耐瘠薄,平均根产量112 747.5 kg/hm2,茎叶产量84 000.0 kg/hm2,舍糖率6.6%.根体中干物质含量13.37%,粗纤维10.1%,粗脂肪2.69%,是品质较好的新型多汁饲料作物;适口性良好,且适宜在我国北方广大地区推广种植.     

高产优质的饲用作物——饲用甜菜

饲用甜菜（Fodderbeet）是黎科甜菜属二年生植，第１年生长粗大的块根和繁茂的叶丛，第２年抽、开花、结籽。饲用甜菜是一种高产优质的饲用作，打碎或切丝后可用来直接饲喂家畜，它的适口性，营养价值丰富，是饲喂奶牛、肉牛、猪等各种动的极好饲料。饲用甜菜适宜在我国北方广大农区种，由于它的品质好、产量大，经济效益高，因此可带动广大农民的种植积极性，对发展当地的畜牧业增加农民的收入有重要意义。．饲用甜菜的块根不同品种饲用甜菜块根的差异较大，主要表现在根表皮颜色、块根形状、块根入土深度、块根干物含量等。饲用甜菜块根…     

青绿饲料-饲用甜菜

饲用甜菜为藜科甜菜属2年生双子叶植物,其具有单位生物产量高、饲用范围广、营养价值高、适口性好、喂养比和消化率高等优点,是一种较好的饲用作物.饲用甜菜的茎叶可以通过自然干燥和青贮两种方法来保存,可以有效的提高茎叶的营养价值,增加微生物总量.在日粮中添加茎叶可以提高奶牛的产奶量和肉牛和猪的肥育效果.可以创造良好的经济效益.     

饲用甜菜的栽培技术

饲用甜菜在我国各地均有栽培,东北、华北、西北等地种植较多,广东、湖北、湖南、江苏、四川等省也有栽培。饲用甜菜是专门作为养牛、养猪用的饲料作物,块根的含糖率较低,通常仅为5~10度,但产量较高,可达到60~80吨/公顷。作为饲料作物,饲用甜菜在我国有较好的开发前景。特别是随着人民生活水平的提高,牛奶的消费     

牛瘤胃积食的综合防治

<正>常见的瘤胃积食是指牛过量采食粗劣难消化的饲料,瘤胃内积滞大量干燥的食物,导致瘤胃运动机能障碍,引起瘤胃壁急性扩张,容积增大,致使瘤胃运动及消化机能紊乱的一种疾病。(一)病因1.在饲养过程中,饲喂过量的适口性较好的优质饲料,适口性好的青草、胡萝卜、青贮时没有打碎的玉米秸秆等会引起牛瘤胃积食。2.由于饲养管理不当,一次性或长期采食劣质、粗硬的饲料引起发病。3.突然变更饲料。常见于品质差、适口性不好的饲料突然变为品质好、适口性强的饲料时。牛只过量采     

青绿饲料一饲用甜菜

饲用甜菜为藜科甜菜属2年生双子叶植物,其具有单位生物产量高、饲用范围广、营养价值高、适口性好、喂养比和消化率高等优点,是一种较好的饲用作物。饲用甜菜的茎叶可以通过自然干燥和青贮两种方法来保存,可以有效的提高茎叶的营养价值,增加微生物总量。在日粮中添加茎叶可以提高奶牛的产奶量和肉牛和猪的肥育效果,可以创造良好的经济效益。     

饲用甜菜茎叶的营养价值及其利用

饲用甜菜茎叶中含有丰富的蛋白质和纤维素、维生素、甜菜碱等动物必需的营养物质 ,适口性好 ,消化率高。在生长期间可以多次采摘作青饲料用 ,并不影响最终产量。经过青贮或发酵后营养价值更高 ,适口性更好 ,是一种利用率很高的多汁饲料资源。     

饲用甜菜块根混贮饲喂荷斯坦牛的试验研究

采用75%切碎的饲用甜菜根茎与15%芦苇草粉、8%棉籽壳及2%玉米粉进行混合青贮,并替代荷斯坦奶牛常规日粮中的部分玉米青贮,进行饲喂对比试验。结果表明,饲用甜菜混贮饲料干物质含量为27.8%、粗蛋白含量为2.76%、粗脂肪含量为0.92%、粗纤维含量为11.28%、粗灰分含量为3.23%、钙含量为0.10%和磷含量为0.04%。饲用甜菜混贮饲料等量替代10kg奶牛日粮中的玉米青贮饲喂奶牛,试验组比对照组每头奶牛日平均产奶量降低0.09kg,试验末期对照组和试验组的乳蛋白率分别为3.17%和3.18%,乳脂率分别为3.66%和3.73%,分析结果表明,产奶量及乳品质差异均不显著。可见饲用甜菜块根混贮是一种较好的饲料,可以替代玉米青贮饲喂奶牛,混贮是饲用甜菜块根一种理想的贮藏方法。     

饲用甜菜的优点、价值及栽培技术

饲用甜菜是黎科甜菜属二年生植物,第一年生长粗大的块根和繁茂的叶丛,第二年抽苔、开花、结籽。饲用甜菜是一种高产优质的饲用作物,打碎或切丝后可用来直接饲喂家畜,其适口性好,营养价值丰富,是饲喂猪、牛等各种动物的极好饲料。在中国发展畜牧业的今天,其可为当地提供优良牧草、开发优质蛋白饲料,使其成为庞大的绿色畜产品生产加工基地。另外,利用饲用甜菜广泛种植,结合秸秆畜牧业的发展将极大提高蛋白转化效率,这对于充分     

不同的处理方法对稻草营养价值的影响

分别用尿素、秸秆发酵活干菌、复合酶处理稻草，并检测处理前后营养成份、降解率、感官评定、适口性等指标变化。结果表明，处理后各处理组的CP（粗蛋白质）含量分别比对照组提高10．3％，15．6％及11．8％；CF（粗纤维）含量分别下降4．0％，11．2％和21．8％，其中活干菌发酵对CP稻草含量提高较大，饲用复合酶处理使CF含量下降幅度较大。同时，对各处理组DM（干物质）、NDF（中性洗涤纤维）、ADF(酸性洗涤纤维）的瘤胃降解率测定发现，各处理组DM，NDF及ADF降解率均有一定提高，其中以活干菌发酵处理效果旯好，其DM、NDF及ADF降解率分别达40．90％、33．83％及34．24％。在感官评定、适口性方面，除氨化处理有刺激性气味外，其它两处理组具有较浓的酸香味且家畜喜欢采食。     

雪莲果不同部位的营养成分分析

对雪莲果不同部位进行了糖、粗脂肪、氨基酸和矿质元素等营养成分的测定和分析。雪莲果块根、茎和叶中均含有大量的糖类,干重含量分别为73.20%,16.66%和14.24%,块根中含有丰富的低聚果糖,其含量达58.86%;块根中氨基酸和维生素含量分别为2.598 2 mg/g和3.54 μg/g;叶和茎中含有较高的粗蛋白和丰富的矿质元素。结果表明,雪莲果是一种集药用、食用、饲用于一体的优良资源植物,块根是一种优质的保健型水果,茎叶还可作为畜禽的优良饲料,具有较高的开发利用价值。     

In vitro gas production profiles to estimate extent and effective first-order rate of neutral detergent fiber digestion in the rumen

An automatic in vitro gas production technique was evaluated for predicting in vivo fiber (NDF) digestibility and effective first-order digestion rate of potentially digestible NDF (pdNDF) of 15 grass silages. Observed in vivo NDF digestibility of the silages harvested at different stages of maturity during 3 yr was determined by the total fecal collection in sheep fed at the maintenance level of intake. Isolated grass silage NDF was incubated for 72 h in the presence of rumen fluid and buffer to determine the pdNDF digestion kinetics based on cumulative gas production profiles. The digestion kinetic parameters were estimated by a 2-pool Gompertz function. The estimated parameter values were then used in a 2-compartment mechanistic rumen model to predict the in vivo digestibility of pdNDF. A total compartmental mean residence time of 50 h was used in the model, and a further assumption of the distribution of the residence time between the rumen nonescapable and escapable pools in a ratio of 0.4:0.6 was made. To make a distinction between potentially digestible and indigestible NDF, the potential extent of NDF digestion was determined by a 12-d ruminal in situ incubation. The model-predicted in vivo NDF digestibility accurately and precisely (root mean square error = 0.013 units, R(2) = 0.99). Effective first-order digestion rate was estimated from the predicted pdNDF digestibility, and the values were compared with those calculated from the in vivo pdNDF digestibility using the same passage kinetic parameters. The predicted effective first-order digestion rate was strongly correlated with digestion rate estimates derived from in vivo data (root mean square error = 0.006/h, R(2) = 0.86). It can be concluded that a simple first-order digestion rate can be estimated from a complicated gas production kinetic model including 6 parameters. This rate constant can be used in continuous steady-state dynamic mechanistic rumen models predicting the nutrient supply to the host animal.     

玉米秸秆及青贮饲料的细胞壁成分体外消化性能比较

利用体外消化试验法,对吉单4011和四单29两品种玉米的秸秆和青贮饲料进行了干物质和细胞壁成分的消化率和消化速度常数的测定,吉单4011的干物质(DM)和细胞壁成分(OCW)的有效消化率分别是57.4%和48.9%,吉单29分别是58.8%和53.9%。两品种玉米青贮饲料OCW的消化速度常数显著高于秸秆,吉单4011的秸秆和青贮饲料分别为4.85%和4.52%,吉单29分别为5.81%和7.11%。结果表明,通过青贮,可以提高玉米秸秆细胞壁的消化率和消化速度常数,秸秆中OCW含量高的玉米品种更适合青贮。     

过瘤胃保护性精氨酸稳定性检验研究

该研究以羧甲基纤维素钠和脂肪酸为壁材对精氨酸进行包埋处理,通过人工唾液消化试验、尼龙袋法与十二指肠液消化试验,对过瘤胃保护性精氨酸(RP-Arg)在绵羊消化道中的稳定性以及可消化性进行检验。试验结果表明,随培养时间的延长包被精氨酸的释放率呈升高趋势;经过16h的培养后,RP-Arg的释放率在人工唾液、瘤胃液和十二指肠液中分别为22.16%、31.47%和88.85%。结果显示,在人工唾液和瘤胃液中RP-Arg有较好的稳定性,在十二指肠液中RP-Arg具有较好的可消化性。     

育肥羊饲喂全混合日粮条件下瘤胃固相食糜外流速度及其有效降解率的评定

试验旨在测定育肥羊饲喂全混合日粮（TMR）条件下瘤胃食糜外流速度（Kp）及干物质（DM）、有机物（OM）及粗蛋白质（CP）的有效降解率。选取3只安装有永久性瘤胃瘘管、体重（30.0±3.7） kg的哈萨克公羔羊作为试验动物,代谢笼内单笼饲养。按3×3拉丁方试验设计,分别饲喂3种能量水平一致而CP水平不同（11%、12%和13%）的TMR。采用醋酸镱（Yb-ac）作为固相食糜标记物,测定镱（Yb）元素的浓度,绘制浓度衰减曲线,利用非线性回归法拟合其Kp,并计算全混合日粮的瘤胃有效降解率。结果显示,3种TMR的瘤胃固相食糜的Kp值分别为6.71、6.66和7.59 %/h,TMR1的DM、OM和CP的有效降解率分别为39.82%、38.58%和43.87%;TMR2的为35.70%、34.40%和36.86%;TMR3的为42.46%、41.29%和51.28%。3种TMR的DM在瘤胃中的有效停留时间分别为26.49、28.98和21.73 h。此结果为进一步评定TMR的DM及过瘤胃氨基酸的小肠消化率研究提供了重要参数。     

Measurement of Rumen Digesta Passage Rate and Effective Degradation of Finishing Lambs Feeding the Total Mixed Ration

This experiment was amied to measure the rumen digesta passage rate and effective degradation of DM,OM and CP of finishing lambs feeding the total mixed ration (TMR).Three Kazakh wethers with (30.0±3.7)kg body weight and permanent rumen fistula were chosen and the 3×3 Latin square design was adopted.Three kinds of TMR were designed of which the energy level were same and CP levels were 11%,12% and 13%,respectively. Acetic acid ytterbium (Yb-ac) was used as solid phase chyme marker to measure the Yb element decay curve plotted by NLIN regression and figure out its outflow rate (Kp),and calculate the rumen effective degradability rate of TMR.The result showed that the Kp value of three kinds of TMR were 6.71,6.66 and 7.59 %/h,respectively. Under these conditions,the effective degradation rate of DM,OM and CP of TMR1 were 39.82%,38.58% and 43.87%,that of TMR2 were 35.70%,34.40% and 36.86%,while that of TMR3 were 42.46%、41.29% and 51.28%.The average rumen retention time were 26.49,28.98 and 21.73 h,respectively. The results of this study provided some important parameters for further evaluating DM and RUP-AA intestinal digestion of TMR.     

鸡干扰素的研究进展

干扰素自发现以来,它的抗病毒、抗肿瘤和免疫调节机制逐渐清晰,而现在它的抗病毒机制中信号传导途经及分泌表达的调节正成为研究热点。作者就上述方面作一综述。     

基于植株各器官生理响应对12种苜蓿抗旱性的综合评价

为筛选抗旱性强的苜蓿（Medicago sativa L.）品种,本试验以12个苜蓿品种为材料,利用聚乙二醇（Polyethylene glycol,PEG-6000）模拟干旱处理,设置了100 g·L^-1和200 g·L^-1两个胁迫梯度,分别测定叶片、茎、根颈、根系4个器官的渗透调节物质含量、抗氧化酶活性和植株根冠比,通过主成分分析计算植株各器官生理指标在抗旱性评价过程中所占权重,结合抗旱系数评价苜蓿品种的抗旱性。结果表明,在100 g·L^-1和200 g·L^-1 PEG模拟干旱胁迫下,植株的生长受到抑制,生物量、株高、叶面积、根长均减小,根冠比增加;各器官脯氨酸、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白含量增加;超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化物酶、过氧化氢酶活性提高;在所有的生理指标中,脯氨酸、可溶性糖、过氧化氢酶活性对干旱胁迫的响应较敏感。不同器官生理调节物质的抗旱系数存在差异,叶片各指标对干旱胁迫的响应小于茎和根系,根颈脯氨酸和可溶性糖含量对干旱胁迫的响应大于叶片、茎和根系。在评价品种抗旱性时,根系可溶性蛋白含量、根颈脯氨酸含量、根颈可溶性糖含量、根系可溶性糖含量及根系过氧化氢酶活性占权重较大。综合分析得出,100 g·L^-1 PEG处理时,‘公农1号’、‘中苜1号’和‘前景’的抗旱性比较强;200 g·L^-1PEG处理时,‘骑士2’、‘东苜1号’、‘巨能2’和‘斯贝德’的抗旱性较强,可作为苜蓿抗旱栽培的参考品种。     

Effect of maize starch concentration in the diet on starch and cell wall digestion in the dairy cow

An in vivo experiment was performed to determine the effect of level of maize starch in the diet on digestion and site of digestion of organic matter, starch and neutral detergent fibre (NDF). In a repeated change‐over design experiment, three cows fitted with a rumen cannula and T‐piece cannulae in duodenum and ileum received a low‐starch (12% of ration dry matter) and a high‐starch (33% of ration dry matter) diet. Starch level was increased by exchanging dried sugar beet pulp by ground maize. After a 2‐week adaptation period, feed intake, rumen fermentation parameters (in vivo and in situ), intestinal flows, faecal excretion of organic matter, starch and NDF were estimated. When the high‐starch diet was fed, dry matter intake was higher (19.0 kg/day vs. 17.8 kg/day), and total tract digestibility of organic matter, starch and NDF was lower when the low‐starch diet was fed. Maize starch concentration had no significant effect on rumen pH and volatile fatty acid concentration nor on the site of digestion of organic matter and starch and rate of passage of ytterbium‐labelled forage. On the high‐starch diet, an extra 1.3 kg of maize starch was supplied at the duodenum in relation to the low‐starch diet, but only an extra 0.3 kg of starch was digested in the small intestine. Digestion of NDF was only apparent in the rumen and was lower on the high‐starch diet than on the low‐starch diet, mainly attributed to the reduction in sugar beet pulp in the high‐starch diet. It was concluded that without the correction for the reduction in NDF digestion in the rumen, the extra supply of glucogenic (glucose and propionic acid) and ketogenic nutrients (acetic and butyric acid) by supplemented starch will be overestimated. The mechanisms responsible for these effects need to be addressed in feed evaluation.