基于EMD-IGA-SELM的池塘养殖水温预测方法

为了有效指导工厂化水产养殖,提高水产养殖过程中水体温度预测的精度和稳定性,在分析水体温度影响因素的基础上,提出基于经验模态分解（EMD）、改进遗传算法（IGA）和改进极限学习机（SELM）相结合的水温预测模型（EMD-IGA-SELM）。首先,通过综合天气指数的计算完成异常和缺失数据的校正;利用皮尔森相关分析计算各影响因子与水温之间的相关度,从而确定预测模型的输入输出量;选择Softplus函数代替Sigmoid函数组成SELM,并引入混沌序列改进标准遗传算法,获得SELM的最佳初始权值和阈值;最后,采用EMD方法将原始水温时序数据进行多尺度分解,在各分量中对IGA-SELM训练建模,并叠加求和各分量预测值,从而完成水温序列的预测。将EMD-ELM和GA-BP模型的预测结果与EMD-IGA-SELM进行对比,结果表明,EMD-IGA-SELM取得了较好的预测精度,评价指标平均绝对误差、平均绝对百分比误差和均方根误差分别为0.1233℃、0.0043和0.1478℃,能够满足水产养殖的生产需要,可为池塘水质管理和调控提供决策支持。     

对虾养殖溶解氧浓度组合预测模型EMD-RF-LSTM

溶解氧(DO)浓度是对虾养殖水质检测的核心指标.为提高对虾养殖溶解氧浓度的预测精度,本研究提出了一种基于经验模态分解、随机森林和长短时记忆神经网络(EMD-RF-LSTM)的对虾养殖溶解氧浓度组合预测模型.首先采用经验模态分解(EMD)对养殖水质溶解氧浓度时序数据进行多尺度特征提取,得到不同尺度下的固有模态分量(IMF...     

基于经验模态分解与Elman神经网络的月径流预测

针对径流序列的弱相关,非线性特征,直接预测会导致精度低,建立基于经验模态分解(empirical mode decomposition,EMD)与Elman神经网络的模型进行月径流预测,选取黄河上游唐乃亥水文站1979-2009年的月径流资料为研究对象。首先利用EMD对月径流资料进行处理,得到5个固有模态函数(intrinsic mode function,IMF)和1个趋势项。为了避免分量太多导致误差过大,将分量进行重组之后得到3个子序列,然后对3个子序列进行Elman神经网络预测。结果表明,EMD与Elman神经网络组合预测精度更高,更加适合复杂的水文序列。该方法可用于径流的中长期预测中。     

基于VMD-PSR-BNN模型的月径流预测方法研究

径流过程是地球上水文循环中的关键一环，科学准确地预测月径流的来水量对于流域的水量调度、水资源规划及管理具有十分重要的意义。然而由于径流过程的复杂性以及人类活动的影响，在变化环境中精准捕捉月径流时间序列的变化规律变得十分困难。针对月径流时间序列预测中存在的对于样本数据中先验信息识别不够彻底以及对时间步长嵌入维度难以有效地自适应选取这两点问题，设计了基于VMD-PSR-BNN的月径流时间序列预测模型。基于变分模态分解（VMD）算法对噪声良好的鲁棒性和对时序信号精确分解的特性，将月径流时间序列视为一种时序信号，利用VMD方法将月径流时间序列分解为多个相对平稳的固有模态函数（IMF），再基于相空间重构（PSR）理论对各个IMF分别进行重构，对各个重构后的IMF分别采用基于变分推理的贝叶斯神经网络（BNN）进行预测，最后将各个BNN的预测结果进行聚合重构得到月径流时间序列的最终预测结果。选取渭河流域咸阳和华县两个水文站1953-2018年的月径流时间序列进行实例分析。结果表明：VMD对月径流时间序列具有很好的分解效果，两个水文站基于VMD-PSR-BNN模型的月径流预测结果均可达到水文预报的甲级...     

基于边界修正和二次分解的改进月降水LSTM预测方法

基于深度学习的降水预测是近年来水文研究的热点。月降水数据为典型的小样本数据，无法满足深度学习对大数据量的需求。为此，融合信号分解和边界修正的思想，提出一种改进的月降水长短期记忆网络（LSTM）预测方法。首先，针对序列分解的“端点效应”，采用波形特征匹配延拓法扩展原始序列边界。然后，利用极点对称模态分解（ESMD）和变分模态分解（VMD）对原始序列进行二次分解。ESMD提取月降水序列不同尺度信息，得到频率依次降低的几个模态分量及一个残余分量；切除各子序列中对内部数据“污染”最严重的扩展部分后，VMD进一步对高频分量进行平稳化处理。最后，对各子序列分别运用LSTM预测，预测结果重构后得到最终预测结果。选取湖北省巴东县的月降水量作为实例验证。通过模型对比分析，结果表明：相较于传统的单一SVM和LSTM模型，组合了信号分解算法的预测模型在月降水预测中更具优越性；将边界修正的方法融入到采用ESMD算法的组合模型，提高了整体模型的预测精度；高频分量的预测效果是决定组合模型预测精度高低的关键因素；提出的方法不但在选取的评价指标上均表现最佳，而且对数据极值点的拟合效果提升显著。特别地，即使面对小样本数...     

基于VMD-GA-BP和误差校正的水电机组振动趋势预测

水电机组振动趋势预测有助于确保机组的安全稳定运行，但由于振动信号的复杂性和非平稳性，准确有效的预测成为难题。利用变分模态分解和神经网络在应对非平稳性和非线性问题方面的优势并结合误差校正方法，建立了振动趋势预测组合模型。首先对原始信号进行VMD分解，然后对每个IMF分量建立GA-BP网络进行预测，将所得结果叠加得到振动信号预测结果。再将各IMF分量的合成信号与原始信号之间的误差同样利用VMD-GA-BP模型进行预测，预测结果与振动信号预测结果相加得到最终预测结果。利用国内某水电站数据对所提模型进行论证实验，结果表明本文所提模型有较高预测精度。     

基于EMD-LSTM的猪舍氨气浓度预测研究

为提高猪舍氨气浓度预测的精度和效率,提出了基于经验模态分解和长短时记忆神经网络(EMD-LSTM)的猪舍氨气浓度预测模型。首先,将猪舍氨气浓度时间序列数据进行经验模态分解,得到不同时间尺度下的固有模态分量(IMF);然后,对IMF建立LSTM氨气浓度预测模型;最后,将各分量的预测结果相加求和作为猪舍氨气浓度的最终预测值。将本文提出的预测模型应用于江苏省宜兴市实验基地某养猪场的氨气浓度预测中,并与Elman模型、循环神经网络(RNN)模型、LSTM模型和EMD-LSTM模型进行了对比实验,结果表明,基于EMD-LSTM模型的预测精度较高,预测结果与真实值相比较,平均绝对误差、平均绝对百分误差和均方根误差为0. 072 3 mg/m~3、0. 6257%和0. 094 5 mg/m~3。     

基于遥感多参数和VMD-GRU的冬小麦单产估测

为充分挖掘时间序列遥感参数的时序信息和趋势信息,并进一步提升冬小麦估产精度,以陕西省关中平原为研究区域,选取与冬小麦长势密切相关的生育时期尺度的条件植被温度指数（VTCI）、叶面积指数（LAI）和光合有效辐射吸收比率（FPAR）作为遥感参数,构建耦合变分模态分解（VMD）与门控循环单元（GRU）神经网络的估产模型。应用VMD算法将各个时间序列遥感参数分解为多组平稳的本征模态函数（IMF）分量,选取与原始时间序列遥感参数高度相关的IMF分量进行特征重构,并将重构特征作为GRU网络的输入,以构建冬小麦组合估产模型。结果表明,VMD-GRU组合估产模型决定系数为0.63,均方根误差为448.80kg/hm2,平均相对误差为8.14%,相关性达到极显著水平（P<0.01）,其精度优于单一估产模型精度,表明该组合估产模型能够提取非平稳时间序列数据的多尺度、多层次特征,并充分挖掘冬小麦各生育时期遥感参数间的内在联系,获得准确单产估测结果的同时提升了估产模型的可解释性。     

一种基于HHT的配电网短期负荷预测模型

提出一种基于HHT的配电网短期负荷组合预测方法。该方法利用EMD分解将负荷信号分解为一组IMF分量,通过分析IMF分量对应的边际谱提取周期项、随机项及趋势项。对各个特征量分别采用CPN、SVM及二次指数平滑法进行预测,最后通过直接叠加各分量预测值得到最终预测结果。通过仿真算例,验证该组合模型的精度高于任何一种单一模型和传统线性组合模型,具有较高的预测精度。     

基于时序深度学习的数控机床运动精度预测方法

由于数控机床精度演化规律难以通过数学建模分析,提出了一种基于时序深度学习网络的数控机床运动精度建模与预测方法。基于长短时记忆网络建立时序深度学习预测模型,利用相空间重构原理构建模型时序输入向量,采用多层网格搜索方法选择最优隐含层层数、隐含层节点数等模型参数,以BPTT方法训练模型;模型自动提取运动精度时间序列的时空特征,挖掘精度时间序列前后关联信息,对运动精度变化趋势进行预测。实验结果表明,基于时序深度学习网络的预测模型能够准确预测数控机床精度的衰退趋势,预测的最大相对误差不大于7. 96%,优于传统方法。     

Overland water and salt flows in a set of rice paddies

Cultivation of paddy rice in semiarid areas of the world faces problems related to water scarcity. This paper aims at characterizing water use in a set of paddies located in the central Ebro basin of Spain using experimentation and computer simulation. A commercial field with six interconnected paddies, with a total area of 5.31 ha, was instrumented to measure discharge and water quality at the inflow and at the runoff outlet. The soil was classified as a Typic Calcixerept, and was characterized by a mild salinity (2.5 dS m⁻¹) and an infiltration rate of 5.8 mm day⁻¹. The evolution of flow depth at all paddies was recorded. Data from the 2002 rice-growing season was elaborated using a mass balance approach to estimate the infiltration rate and the evolution of discharge between paddies. Seasonal crop evapotranspiration, estimated with the surface renewal method, was 731 mm (5.1 mm day⁻¹), very similar to that of other summer cereals grown in the area, like corn. The irrigation input was 1874 mm, deep percolation was 830 mm and surface runoff was 372 mm. Irrigation efficiency was estimated as 41%. The quality of surface runoff water was slightly degraded due to evapoconcentration and to the contact with the soil. During the period 2001–2003, the electrical conductivity of surface runoff water was 54% higher than that of irrigation water. However, the runoff water was suitable for irrigation. A mechanistic mass balance model of inter-paddy water flow permitted to conclude that improvements in irrigation efficiency cannot be easily obtained in the experimental conditions. Since deep percolation losses more than double surface runoff losses, a reduction in irrigation discharge would not have much room for efficiency improvement. Simulations also showed that rice irrigation performance was not negatively affected by the fluctuating inflow hydrograph. These hydrographs are typical of turnouts located at the tail end of tertiary irrigation ditches. In fact, these are the sites where rice has been historically cultivated in the study area, since local soils are often saline-sodic and can only grow paddy rice taking advantage of the low salinity of the irrigation water. The low infiltration rate characteristic of these saline-sodic soils (an experimental value of 3.2 mm day⁻¹ was obtained) combined with a reduced irrigation discharge resulted in a simulated irrigation efficiency of 60%. Paddy rice irrigation efficiency can attain reasonable values in the local saline-sodic soils, where the infiltration rate is clearly smaller than the average daily rice evapotranspiration.     

瓦房店市水果生产标准化发展研究

瓦房店市是我国重要的水果生产基地,在国内水果生产领域占有重要地位。随着水果市场化的不断深入,如何满足和适应国内外市场需求成为瓦房店市水果生产的关键问题。从瓦房店市水果生产实际出发,阐述了实施水果生产标准化的必要性,提出了发展水果生产标准化的具体措施。     

金谷子耐旱TG118引种试种及推广应用

对引进的谷子新品种金谷子耐旱TG118进行品种比较试验和多点试种。结果表明：该品种抗旱、耐瘠、适应性强,稳产、高产、抗病抗风抗倒伏强,品质优良,粮草兼用,种植简单,省工易管;一般产量在6000kg/hm2以上,比当地主栽品种增产20%以上。最高产量达9450kg/hm2,适于在辽西北地区推广应用。     

对《种子法》存在问题的探讨

《种子法》是我国种植业第一部法律。自实施以来,为依法加强种子管理提供了有力的法律支撑,促进我国种子产业发生翻天覆地的变化。但随着依法管理工作的深入和种子产业的快速发展,《种子法》及配套规章的一些问题逐步显现出来。对《种子法》及配套规章存在的问题进行深入分析,对需要进一步补充的章节以及需要调整的内容进行深入探讨,以求更加完善和明确。     

Review of the Egyptian experience in implementing land drainage projects

About 30 years have passed since the Government of Egypt embarked on implementing a series of large scale drainage projects. At present, about 3.8 million acres have been provided with drainage systems on the basis of systematic pre-drainage investigations and designs. The target is to provide drains in approximately 6.4 million acres in the Nile Valley and Delta.The implementation of the subsurface drainage system is carried out by the public sector and private contractors under direct supervision of governmental regional departments. The implementation process depends on many factors related to the drainage material, machinery, manpower, site requirements, farmers and organizations involved. Problems and constraints are sometimes challenging, however, the annual rate of implementation has gradually increased to 170,000 acre/year.This paper discusses the different aspects involved in the implementation process of drainage systems. The development in materials, machinery and construction technologies will be reviewed. Institutional and management factors are going to be also considered.     

和谐社会理论建设的几点哲学思考

在新世纪,面对机遇和挑战,党的十六大把“社会更加和谐”作为全面建设更高水平的小康社会的一个重要目标。中国人素有社会和谐的理想;西方人自古也向往社会和谐;借鉴东西方两种和谐社会思想的经验、教训,构建社会主义和谐社会理论。     

A European irrigation map for spatially distributed agricultural modelling

We present a pan-European irrigation map based on regional European statistics, a European land use map and a global irrigation map. The map provides spatial information on the distribution of irrigated areas per crop type which allows determining irrigated areas at the level of spatial modelling units. The map is a requirement for a European scale assessment of the impacts of irrigated agriculture on water resources based on spatially distributed modelling of crop growth and water balance. The irrigation map was compiled in a two step procedure. First, irrigated areas were distributed to potentially irrigated crops at a regional level (European statistical regions NUTS3), combining Farm Structure Survey (FSS) data on irrigated area, crop-specific irrigated area for crops whenever available, and total crop area. Second, crop-specific irrigated area was distributed within each statistical region based on the crop distribution given in our land use map. A global map of irrigated areas with a 5′ resolution was used to further constrain the distribution within each NUTS3 based on the density of irrigated areas. The constrained distribution of irrigated areas as taken from statistics to a high resolution dataset enables us to estimate irrigated areas for various spatial entities, including administrative, natural and artificial units, providing a reasonable input scenario for large-scale distributed modelling applications. The dataset bridges a gap between global datasets and detailed regional data on the distribution of irrigated areas and provides information for various assessments and modelling applications.     

粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的应用

在介绍粉质仪和拉伸仪结构和原理的基础上,探讨了粉质曲线中吸水率、形成时间、稳定时间、弱化度和评价值等指标与面粉品质的关系,以及如何根据拉伸曲线中面团最大拉伸阻力、延伸度和拉伸曲线面积等指标来评价面团品质,并结合生产实际,概述了粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的作用。     

农村信息化服务的现状及建设措施

分析当前我国农村信息化服务的现状,提出加强农村信息化服务的新举措。     

车辆ABS控制算法的研究及探讨

对现代汽车的ABS控制算法作了一些简单的介绍,同时指出了它们的一些缺陷,相应地提出了几种对ABS的其它控制方法并加以探讨,其中着重论述了ABS门限值控制算法中参考车速的确定方法和基于附着系数的控制算法。