丰南区召开对虾苗种对接暨对虾养殖技术研讨会

正为更好地提升丰南区对虾苗种质量,将丰南区建成北方最大的对虾优质苗种生产基地,推进全区对虾养殖业健康发展,及时总结交流对虾养殖技术和工作经验,丰南区农牧局提出了"与南方对虾苗种对接"战略,并于12月28-29日,召开"丰南区对虾苗种对接暨对虾苗种协会成     

海兴养殖场对虾育苗首战告捷

<正> 为发展我省对虾养殖事业,对虾人工育苗是重点科研项目之一,今年,省所海水养殖室对虾组在室主任的带领下,深入海兴养殖场,结合对虾养殖生产,协助养殖场培育对虾苗种,成功地育出虾苗168万尾,满足了养殖场的苗种需求量。育苗工作是在边建育苗设施边进行孵化培育的情况下进行的。育苗过程中遇到了水质     

近三年宁波市凡纳滨对虾苗种病原携带分析

<正>近年凡纳滨对虾养殖相关病害频发,病原错综复杂,虾苗管理混乱、参差不齐,水质控制困难重重,一些有多年养殖经验的老虾民也开始出现亏损。究其原因主要出现在苗种、水质和管理方面。虾苗作为养殖的起点,其质量的好坏直接关系到后期养殖成功率,对虾苗种质量的监控显得尤为重要。     

厄瓜多尔对虾苗种生产及养殖现状

不久前笔者随中国赴厄瓜多尔技术组在厄工作近一年,在厄期间,主要从事白脚对虾苗种繁育工作,同时也了解了厄国对虾苗种生产、虾苗暂养以及对虾养成的一些情况,现将这些情况作一简述。厄瓜多尔沿海有30余种虾,作为主要养     

对虾无公害健康养殖关键技术

一、选择优质苗种对于当前从事对虾养殖业的人来说,虾苗质量的优劣在整个养殖周期是最重要的。全国养殖对虾的产量逐年增加,而虾苗产业存在的苗种退化问题也日渐显现。很多虾农习惯于20～30元/万只的虾苗价格(二代苗、三代苗),对优质苗(进口一代苗)150～180元/万只的价格则不愿     

虾苗运输新方法

对虾苗种运输,是养殖对虾诸环节的一个重要技术环节。以前运输虾苗都是帆布篓、呢龙袋充氧两种     

印度尼西亚对虾苗种生产现状

最近几年印度尼西亚对虾券殖发展迅速,成为世界对虾生产大国之一,本文主要介绍印尼对虾苗种生产的现状、对虾苗种生产的类型、育苗技术等一系列管理措施。     

我省几种常见养殖对虾的简要鉴别方法

自1993年我省发生中国对虾病毒暴发性流行病以后,对虾养殖业者为维持我省对虾养殖业的持续发展采取了许多应对措施,其中开展多品种对虾养殖就是一项较成功的方法。但多品种对虾的养殖也产生了一些新的不容忽视的问题,由于部分对虾养殖业者不了解区分对虾种类的基本方法,加之苗种市场“鱼龙混杂”及苗种鉴别难度较大,所以购得的虾苗与欲购品种不符的现象时有发生。对虾分类比较复杂,我们根据对虾的外观及分种检索依据,总结了我省几种常见养殖对虾的简要分种方法,供生产单位参考。     

对虾的健康养殖

所谓对虾健康养殖，是指对虾生产全过程的健康管理，主要包括四个方面：一是健康苗种的选苗、投放；二是养殖环境的优化；三是高效饵料的使用；四是合理养殖模式的建立。一、健康苗种的选自、投放是事破目前，对虾苗种的病毒携带非常普遍，如果不进行苗种的检疫、病毒检验，将给后期养殖带来严峻考验。养殖户在投苗初期，应有代表性地选取所购苗种样品，到相应部门进行检疫、检验，携带病毒超过20％的虾苗应严禁人地。同时养殖中适量放养几层肉食性鱼类，以切断健康对虾摄食病虾而传播病毒的途径。二、代化养殖环境是关＠保护和改善养虾池及…     

高温季节培育日本对虾二茬苗的技术措施

近年来,辽宁沿海地区开展了日本对虾二茬苗养殖,需要在７月中旬至８月上旬提供苗种。本文提出了高温季节日本对虾苗生产应采取的一些技术措施。     

Temporal Variation in Egg and Larval Productivity of Eyestalk Ablated Spawners of the Prawn Penaeus monodon from Cook Bay, Australia

This paper reports on the variability in spawner performance and viability of the eggs and larvae of Penueus monodon from a single geographical region (Cook Bay, Australia). Data is presented from seven separate experiments spawning eyestalk ablated P. monodon conducted between Sep tember 1992 and July 1994. These experiments used 200 spawners from which 290 spawns were assayed. Total egg and larval (Nauplius, and ha,) production values per prawn were calculated and were significantly different ( P < 0.05) between experiments. Spawner weight and number of spawns per prawn also varied significantly between experiments and, although these factors afiected egg and larval productivity, they accounted for only a small percentage of the observed variability. The cause of this variation is unknown but it may be due to differences in the age of the spawners and to seasonal environmental effects. The variation in reproductive success of wildcaught spawners probably reflects differences in overall condition of the spawners and/or their nutritional status at different times. Understanding the causes of variation in productivity is important if hatcheries are to improve the reliability of supply of larvae for the prawn farming industry.     

对虾亲体数量和补充量之间的关系

本文用世代渔获量和春汛产量作为补充量和亲体数量的相对数倍,研究对虾(Penaeusorientalis)亲体数量——补充量之间的关系。用Boverton或Ricker繁殖模式描述两者之间的关系。经数学分析,表明本命题似乎用Beverton模式更为适合。 根据计算最大补充量所需的亲体数(A_(max))、最大补充量(R_(max))和最大持续产量(M_(zy)),以及渔业上记录到的最大补充量和相应的亲体数量。确认现在的产卵亲虾数量太少。如果把产卵亲虾的相对数值112调节到250～300,则世代产量可望增加50～70%,即从1700增加到2500～3000;如果各种条件都充分满足,对虾世代的极限值约为4000。     

Spawning behaviour of Penaeus (Fenneropenaeus) merguiensis de Man and the effect of light intensity on spawning

An experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of light intensity just prior to and during spawning of Penaeus (Fenneropenaeus) merguiensis de Man in the laboratory. Neither the presence of light nor light intensity (0, 10 and 1100 lux) had a significant effect on the spawning process or hatching rate in P. merguiensis. Difference in the percentage of spawners, percentage of incomplete spawning, fecundity and hatching rate were all insignificant (P > 0.05) among the three light treatments. However, spawning was delayed (up to 21 min on average) under 1100 lux with a high percentage of incomplete spawning, compared with the Control (0 lux). For the first time, spawning behaviour of P. merguiensis was observed and fully described. The spawning process can be divided into four phases: dormant, pre‐spawning, spawning and post‐spawning by distinct behaviour of prawn broodstock. The dormant phase was characterized by a quiescent and non‐feeding period, whereas movement of prawn broodstock was active during the pre‐spawning and post‐spawning phases. Depending on the individual, spawning was completed within 3–5 min. Prawns often stayed still on the water surface during spawning with occasional manoeuvres to change the position. After a short rest at the termination of the spawning phase, prawn broodstock re‐exhibited active movement as in the pre‐spawning phase, but showing conspicuous care to the deposited eggs. The role of light in controlling ovarian development and spawning, and the behaviour of prawn broodstock in relation to maximizing fertilization rate are discussed.     

Feasibility Study for Alternative Culture Species in Taiwan—Penaeus penicillatus

Penueus monodon has become almost synonymous with aquaculture in Taiwan, indicating the level of commercial success it has attained over the past two decades. However, other species are being considered for future culture to diversify an industry overly dependent on one product, as well as to provide the market with an alternative commodity. This paper explores the feasibility of P. penicillatus as an alternative culture species in Taiwan.
P. penicillatus has seven merits that make it ideal for aquaculture: 1) P. penicillatus is comparatively resistant to low temperature. 2) It is a medium sized "white prawn" and is attractive to the consumer. 3) The migration behavior shows good possibilities for culture in sea water. 4) Wild spawners are abundant and natural, and induced spawning in captivity is relatively easy. 5) Larvae spontaneously spawned in captivity show good survival, existing on the natural food present in the pond. 6) It has a low protein requirement and has good growth in the early stages even at high stocking densities of 100–120 prawns/m². 7) P. penicillutus grows to a comparatively uniform size. This paper also discusses some difficulties in the culture of this prawn.     

罗氏沼虾引种复壮技术的研究

长期以来,国内进行罗氏沼虾人工繁殖一直以池塘饲养的成虾作亲本,由此造成该虾种质退化,养殖经济效益下降.为提高其种质和养殖经济效益,于1996年和1997年从马来西亚引进野生原种繁育虾苗,进行复壮技术的研究.研究结果表明,野生种子代和杂交种子代的体长、体重明显高出本地的驯养种.种群间具有标准差、变异系数、第二步足与体长的比值相对较小、额齿数相对较多的特点.通常野生原种体形细长、体色淡黄透明、摄食旺盛、抗病力强、性成熟个体较大.野生种子代和杂交种子代幼体活力强,摄食旺盛,变态期延长,但人工育苗的难度大.研究结果显示,采用繁育难度相对较低的雌(本地驯养种)×雄(野生种)配组方式繁育杂交苗,难度较小,效果好.     

Effects of dietary lipid levels on the growth,fatty acid profile and fecundity in the oriental river prawn,Macrobrachium nipponense

An 8‐week feeding trial was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary lipid levels on growth performance, fatty acid profile and fecundity in the oriental river prawn Macrobrachium nipponense. Five isonitrogenous experimental diets were formulated with graded lipid levels [A (5.02%), B (5.98%), C (6.91%), D (7.91%) and E (8.89%) respectively]. The results indicated that the values of body weight gain, specific growth rate, protein efficiency ratio and protein retention presented a similar trend of increasing first and then decreased with increasing dietary lipid levels. Furthermore, prawns fed diets containing 6.91% lipid showed the best values on these parameters among all the treatments. EPA, DHA and n‐3/n‐6PUFA contents showed associated increasing with the increase in lipid deposition of prawn muscle. The activities of hepatopancreatic amylase, protease and lipase were also significantly (p < .05) improved by dietary 6.91% lipid. Increasing dietary lipid levels could not suppress early maturation with no differences detected in berried females throughout the feeding trial. Significant lower relative fecundity may contribute to describing the dietary moderate lipid level (6.91%) could promote the growth of spawners and decrease spawning quantity. The recommendation dietary lipid requirement, estimated by the broken‐line model based on specific growth rate against dietary lipid levels, was 7.19% of the dry matter for M. nipponense.     

崂山湾中国对虾(Fenneropenaeus chinensis)增殖放流的效果评价

为了评价崂山湾中国对虾的增殖效果,2012年5月在崂山湾分两批次放流中国对虾15673万尾。2012年7–9月开展了中国对虾跟踪与回捕调查,进行了中国对虾放流苗种存活生长状况、洄游分布及回捕情况的研究,并应用“Bhattacharya”法区分了中国对虾的自然群体与放流群体。结果显示,8月中旬中国对虾放流苗种主要生活在崂山湾中部海域,第1、2批放流苗种的平均体长分别达到144.9、130.5 mm,随着水温的降低,作季节性短距离的由浅水向深水区移动,放流种群和自然种群分别占总群体的92%和8%;由于受到竞争生物及栖息地环境因素的影响,中国对虾放流群体的回捕率仅为0.58%。虽然相比其他海域中国对虾的回捕率较低,但是崂山湾中国对虾增殖放流仍然取得了一定的生态、经济和社会效益。     

Using the Sustainable Livelihoods Framework to Identify Constraints and Opportunities to the Development of Freshwater Prawn Farming in Southwest Bangladesh

A conceptual framework, drawn from an approach to poverty reduction known as the sustainable livelihoods approach (SLA), is applied to understanding the role of freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii, farming in gher (modified rice fields with high, broad peripheral dikes) systems in southwest Bangladesh. Gher farming potentially allows incorporation of a wide variety of crops together with prawn, fish, dike crops, and rice culture. The analysis shows how, in a gher farming context, sustainable livelihoods are achieved through access to a range of livelihood assets, which are combined in the pursuit of prawn farming strategies. The study used the SLA framework as a diagnostic tool to identify ways of strengthening the livelihoods of the prawn farmers.     

Assessment of requirement values for essential amino acids in the prawn, Marsupenaeus japonicus (Bate)

The requirements of juvenile prawn, Marsupenaeus japonicus (Bate), 0.79 g initial body weight, for essential amino acids (EAA) were evaluated based on the daily increase of each EAA in the whole body when the prawn was maintained on a diet with a high nutritive value (a casein‐squid protein‐based diet). The quantities of each EAA needed daily for growth and maintenance of prawn are conceived to correspond to the daily requirements of this prawn species for EAA. Therefore, these requirement values of respective EAA should be supplied from dietary proteins. To determine these values, protein and amino acids of the whole body of the prawn were quantified before and after feeding experiments, and the quantities of respective EAA needed to meet the requirements were estimated based on the EAA profile of the whole body protein of prawn. As a result, the contents of EAA in dietary proteins (%) needed to meet the requirements of the prawn for EAA were assessed to be: threonine (2.3), methionine (1.3), valine (2.4), isoleucine (2.3), leucine (3.4), phenylalanine (2.6), lysine (3.2), histidine (1.1), arginine (2.9) and tryptophan (0.6), respectively, when the prawn are fed 50% protein diet with 90% protein digestibility at a ration size of 2% (% of body weight).