犬非炎症漏出性腹水症的中西医结合诊治

<正>腹水,也称腹腔积液,指腹腔内积聚大量非生理性的液体,腹水症多为慢性、继发性疾病。犬较其它动物多发,最常见于老龄犬和幼犬。半年来,接诊腹水症犬9例,其中非炎症漏出性腹水7例,采用中西医结合疗法取得较好效果。现做一简单总结,为临床提供参考。1病因1.1低蛋白血症因膜性肾小球肾炎及肾病选择性低蛋白血症引起血清胶体渗透压降低,使组织间液增多而产     

犬腹水症的中药治疗

犬腹水常由肝硬化、肝肿瘤、慢性肝炎、充血性心力衰竭、低蛋白症、慢性寄生虫病和慢性腹膜炎引起。临床上表现为腹部下方对称性增大,触诊腹部时有柔软性波动感,冲击式触诊可听到拍水声,严重时病犬出现心跳、呼吸增数、呼吸困难、行走艰难等症状。笔者在2007年10月份收治一例患腹水病犬,用四君子汤合五苓散加味进行治疗,效果显著,现介绍如下。     

1例犬肝源性腹水的诊治

腹水,又称腹腔积液,是指腹腔内游离液体的过量积聚。在正常状态下,腹腔内约有5 mL的液体对肠道起润滑作用。任何病理情况导致的腹腔内液增加量超过2 mL即称为腹水,腹水是多种疾病的临床表现,根据其性状、特点,通常分为漏出性、渗出性。漏出性腹水常见原因有肝源性、心源性、静脉阻塞性、肾源性、营养缺乏性、乳糜性等;渗出性腹水常见原因有自发性细菌性腹膜炎,继发性腹膜炎（包括癌性腹水）,结核性腹膜炎,胰源性、胆汁性、乳糜性、真菌性腹膜炎等。此病例通过各项检测指标初步诊断为肝细胞损伤引起的肝源性腹水。     

鸵鸟常见疾病综述(二)

3细菌型传染病3.1大肠杆菌病大肠杆菌普遍存在于自然环境和动物肠道中,大肠杆菌病是由埃希氏大肠杆菌引起的一系列临床症状的总称。临床表现有大肠杆菌性败血病、腹膜炎、输卵管炎、滑膜炎、脐带炎、卵黄炎、腹水症等。鸵鸟大肠杆菌病是非洲鸵鸟的一种常见病。     

犬低蛋白性腹水的诊治

犬腹水症是临床上经常遇见的一类病征 ,它本身并不是一种单独的疾病 ,而是某些疾病的一种临床症状。引起腹水的原因较多 ,如心肾功能不全、肝脏疾病、低蛋白血症等均可引起。我院曾遇到 1例由饲养管理不善、犬绦虫大量寄生而引起的低蛋白性腹水 ,现报道如下。1　病例情况　 2 0 0 1年 1 2月 2 7日 ,一可卡公犬来院就诊 ,1 .5岁 ,体重 8.5 kg。主诉 :前一天晚上突然呕吐 ,拉稀便 ;约 2个月前曾见病犬粪便中带虫 ,以后也经常见到 ;当晚曾到本地医院就诊 ,当地医生发现病犬腹部胀大 ,穿刺腹腔抽出血水样液体 ,即转往我院治疗。2　临床检查　病…     

1例犬肝源性腹水的诊治

<正>腹水,又称腹腔积液,是指腹腔内游离液体的过量积聚。在正常状态下,腹腔内约有5 mL的液体对肠道起润滑作用。任何病理情况导致的腹腔内液增加量超过2 mL即称为腹水,腹水是多种疾病的临床表现,根据其性状、特点,通常分为漏出性、渗出性。漏出性腹水常见原因有肝源性、心源性、静脉阻塞性、肾源性、营养缺乏性、乳糜性等;渗出性腹水常见原因有自发性细菌性腹膜炎,继发性腹膜炎(包括癌性腹水),结核性腹膜炎,胰源性、胆汁性、乳糜性、真菌性     

一例犬低蛋白血症继发阴道脱的诊断与治疗

犬低蛋白血症性阴道脱是由于犬的蛋白缺乏,导致机体营养严重不足,而引起阴道脱的一种营养代谢病,临床上低蛋白血症多以腹水、进行性消瘦、全身乏力、贫血为主要特征;而缺乏运动、日粮中常量元素和微量元素缺乏、阴道损伤、老龄动物因固定阴道的结缔组织松弛,则容易引起阴道脱。     

一例3C类蛋白酶抑制剂治疗猫传染性腹膜炎的病例分析

猫传染性腹膜炎是一种由冠状病毒引起的高致死性传染病,深圳联合宠物医院曾接诊1只疑似患传染性腹膜炎的病猫,为了对其进行诊断,试验采用临床症状、B型超声波、腹水穿刺、血液检查等方法进行综合确诊。结果表明:该猫患有渗出性传染性腹膜炎,使用3C类蛋白酶抑制剂(GC376)治疗8周,在用药期间病猫体温恢复正常,体重增加,血液指标逐渐恢复正常,腹水减少,异常的免疫反应、炎性反应等症状得到了纠正和控制。说明GC376对该病猫传染性腹膜炎的治疗是有效的。     

一例犬低蛋白血症继发阴道脱的诊疗

犬低蛋白血症性阴道脱是由于犬的蛋白缺乏,导致机体营养严重不足,而引起阴道脱的一种营养代谢病,临床上低蛋白血症多以腹水、进行性消瘦、全身乏力、贫血为主要特征;而缺乏运动、日粮中常量元素和微量元素缺乏、阴道损伤、老龄动物因固定阴道的结缔组织松弛,则容易引起阴道脱。此外,腹压过高(产仔多、胎儿大、便秘等)、分娩和难产时努责也可引起阴道脱。笔者近日收治一例低蛋白血症继发阴道脱的病例,现报道     

犬蠕形螨虫引起的低蛋白血症的诊治

<正>犬螨虫性低蛋白血症是犬由于机体严重感染螨虫而导致蛋白质缺乏或者蛋白质代谢出现障碍而引起犬的一种营养性疾病,临床上以腹水、渐进性消     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。