五种鸡呼吸道传染病基因芯片诊断技术的研究

用分子克隆方法获得新城疫病毒、禽流感病毒、传染性支气管炎病毒、传染性喉气管炎病毒,鸡毒支原体各一段高度保守基因片段作为探针,用芯片点样仪点样到硝酸纤维膜上,制成检测基因芯片;提取样品中的RNA进行反转录,然后在PCR过程中用生物素标记,将PCR产物滴加到芯片上进行特异性杂交,对杂交结果进行扫描分析,可同时对上述5种常见禽呼吸道疾病作出诊断。此方法与PCR检测方法结果符合率在95％以上,其检出率比临床分离法要高30％以上。     

CSFV-PRRSV-JEV联合共检基因芯片的研制与初步应用

对猪瘟病毒(CSFV)、猪繁殖与呼吸障碍综合征病毒(PRRSV)和猪流行性乙型脑炎病毒(JEV)联合共检基因芯片的初步应用进行了研究。选用夹缝针,BaiOR点样缓冲液,确定靶基因质量浓度为200mg/L,各样点中心间距300μm,样点直径100μm,在相对湿度为50%~60%、8~30℃条件下用晶芯?SmartArrayerTM48点样仪在氨基化基片上接触式点样,成功制备了CSFV-PRRSV-JEV检测基因芯片。将标记后的探针基因与PRRSV-CSFV-JEV基因芯片经预杂交、杂交、洗涤干燥后,用晶芯?LuxScanTM10K微阵列芯片扫描仪扫描观察结果。结果表明:制备的芯片特异性强,检测灵敏度可达0.295μg/L,4℃条件下可保存120d;用制备的芯片对临床67份疑似繁殖障碍性疾病的病料进行检测,与RT-PCR检测结果符合率均在94%以上,为猪繁殖障碍性疾病的检测提供了理想的检测方法。     

皮毛中5种病毒基因芯片检测方法的研究

根据GenBank上蓝舌病病毒(BTV)、O型口蹄疫病毒(FMDV)、山羊痘病毒(GPV)、绵羊痘病毒(SPPV)和牛病毒性腹泻病毒(BVDV)等5种病毒的特异性保守序列,分别设计多重荧光标记引物和相应寡核苷酸探针.使用芯片点样液稀释各探针至终浓度30μmol/L,点样制备11×11阵列芯片.核酸杂交后,建立并优化基因芯片检测方法.结果显示,使用470 mL/L甲酰胺杂交液,42℃摇转杂交4h为最佳基因芯片杂交条件.建立的基因芯片检测方法与伪狂犬病病毒(PRV)、猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)、禽流感病毒(AIV)和新城疫病毒(NDV)等无交叉反应,检测敏感性可达20拷贝病毒核酸.制备的基因芯片稳定,保存6个月可用.对151份临床样品进行基因芯片和商业化PCR试剂盒平行检测,两者的符合率为100％.     

猪细小病毒检测基因芯片的构建及初步应用

本研究以猪细小病毒VP2基因为目的基因设计引物和探针,通过不对称PCR扩增Cy3标记的DNA片段与固定于芯片上的探针进行杂交,对杂交芯片进行扫描分析,根据荧光信号的强度来确定是否存在猪细小病毒。结果表明,采用浓度为5μmol/L的探针与PCR产物于47℃杂交1 h即可得到清晰的荧光信号,检测灵敏度可达34.5 ng/μL,同时用制备的基因芯片对临床20份疑似猪细小病毒病感染的病料进行检测,检测结果与PCR检测结果符合率达100%,表明基因芯片检侧技术是一种灵敏度高、特异好的检侧方法。该方法的建立可以快速有效地对猪细小病毒做出诊断,具有较好的应用前景。     

非洲马瘟病毒、西尼罗病毒和马冠状病毒的基因芯片检测技术研究

为探索建立马病病毒基因芯片检测方法,采用人工拼接的方式拼接了非洲马瘟病毒(ASHV)核酸序列,通过分子克隆技术获得西尼罗病毒(WNV)和马冠状病毒(ECV)的特异基因片段。用芯片点样仪逐点分配到处理过的玻片上,制备成检测芯片。以拼接、克隆的核酸序列为模板通过多重不对称RT-PCR进行特异性扩增和荧光标记后滴加到芯片上进行杂交,对杂交结果进行扫描检测和计算机软件分析。结果显示,制备的基因芯片可同时检测和鉴别上述3种病毒,ECV质粒样品、WNV质粒样品检测灵敏度为10²拷贝;AHSV质粒样品检测灵敏度为10⁴拷贝。其他病毒材料未出现荧光信号,验证了本方法的特异性。证明基因芯片技术可快速、准确和灵敏地同时进行多种病毒的检测。     

基因芯片方法检测6种动物源性人兽共患病病原

为了建立可同时检测H5亚型禽流感病毒、狂犬病病毒、猪链球菌2型、炭疽芽孢杆菌、沙门氏菌、大肠杆菌O157的基因芯片检测方法,本实验根据GenBank中上述6种病原的基因序列,设计并合成了特异性的引物和探针.采用点样法制备杂交芯片,将上述病原扩增产物混合后与芯片杂交.杂交结果显示,针对本试验中6种人兽共患传染病所设计的寡核苷酸探针可特异性识别靶基因,与其他常见病原体之间没有交叉反应.检测的灵敏度在1.38×10-5pg/μL～151 pg/μL之间.将建立的基因芯片检测方法对临床样品进行检测,结果与荧光PCR方法一致.     

伪狂犬病病毒、猪细小病毒和流行性乙型脑炎病毒检测基因芯片的制备

对伪狂犬病病毒（PRV）、猪细小病毒（PPV）和流行性乙型脑炎病毒（JEV）检测基因芯片的制备及该芯片的检测技术进行了研究。选定靶基因最佳点样质量浓度为200 mg/L,用基因芯片点样仪将其点制在氨基化基片上,经干燥、水合、紫外线交联和洗涤后,成功制备了PRV-PPV-JEV检测基因芯片。以CY3荧光素标记的dCTP经PCR扩增制备探针,对芯片的质量进行了评价。结果表明,制备的芯片质量好,探针最佳使用质量浓度为3 000μg/L,芯片系统检测灵敏度可达3μg/L。该芯片可同时检测PRV、PPV和JEV,其灵敏度高、特异性强,芯片可重复使用,室温下至少可保存4个月。     

耐氟喹诺酮类病原菌gyrA基因突变的寡核苷酸芯片检测

根据大肠杆菌、沙门菌、无乳链球菌和鸡毒霉形体的gyrA基因序列，设计了通用引物和ll条寡核苷酸探针；利用点样仪将探针点在基片上，制成寡核苷酸芯片；采用PCR荧光标记靶基因，与芯片杂交，用荧光扫描仪检测信号；同时以PCR一测序法进行gyrA基因突变的检测。结果，PCR反应体系能特异性地扩增出靶基因；寡核苷酸芯片能同时检测不同病原菌GyrA第83、87位发生的突变，芯片检测结果与测序结果较为一致。结果表明，使用寡核苷酸芯片技术检测病原菌耐氟喹诺酮类基因突变是可行的；研究结果为基因芯片技术应用于兽医临床耐药性检测提供了基础。     

猪病毒性腹泻检测基因芯片的两种样品标记技术比较

对猪病毒性腹泻检测芯片的两种样品标记方法进行比较。分别选取猪流行性腹泻病毒(PEDV)的S和M基因,猪传染性胃肠炎病毒(TGEV)的N和S基因,A型猪轮状病毒(GAR)的VP7和NSP4基因设计引物,用PCR扩增制备靶基因,纯化后制备猪病毒性腹泻联合检测基因芯片。提取样品核酸,采用Cy3直接标记法和间接标记法进行PCR扩增标记,标记的样品再与芯片杂交、扫描和数据分析,同时对两种标记方法的特异性、敏感性等进行了比较。结果表明,两种方法标记的样品均能与基因芯片特异性杂交,但直接法的中位信号值(median)均高于间接法的中位信号值,直接法的芯片杂交信噪比是用间接法的5倍以上。两种标记方法制备样品特异性好,猪蓝耳病毒、猪瘟病毒、猪乙型脑炎病毒、猪伪狂犬病毒验证检测为阴性;直接法和间接法的最低检测浓度分别为10~5和10~7 copies·μL~(-1),前者的灵敏性是后者的100倍。应用优化的直接标记法处理56份临床样品,进行芯片的检测应用,结果与RT-PCR一致。本研究结果表明直接法荧光标记样品可明显提高病毒性腹泻检测芯片的检测效果。     

猪传染性胃肠炎病毒检测基因芯片的构建

采用PCR扩增制备TGEV的靶基因并进行纯化,对基因芯片的最佳靶基因点样质量浓度、探针质量浓度、杂交温度、杂交时间进行筛选,选择构建检测芯片的最适靶基因,进行基因芯片探针最佳标记方法试验.结果表明,质粒PCR扩增和采用异丙醇沉淀纯化的靶基因质量好,基因芯片最佳靶基因点样质量浓度为200mg/L,最佳探针质量浓度为3 000 μg/L,预杂交时间为1 h,杂交时间为3～6 h,杂交温度为48℃,以S、S3、sM、M、N、ORF7、POL等7个靶基因为构建TGEV检测芯片的最适靶基因,确定了多重PCR扩增标记TGEV探钟的最佳体系,Cy3-dCTP标记浓度为2.5 μmol/L,构建的TGEV检测芯片与标记的混合探针杂交效果好.     

鸡呼吸道传染病基因芯片诊断方法的建立

随着养禽业集约化程度的不断提高,鸡呼吸系统疾病的发生呈逐年上升趋势.而且大多数的呼吸道疾病不是单一病原感染,而是多种病原混合感染,从临床上难以及时鉴别诊断,延误防治时机,从而给养禽业造成巨大的经济损失.因此,禽呼吸道疾病已经成为生产和研究中的一类重要疾病.目前,禽呼吸系统疾病的诊断方法主要有病毒分离、血凝（HA）、血凝抑制（HI）、琼脂扩散、ELISA、PCR等,但是传统的检测方法灵敏度较低,而且当病原发生变异或感染禽处在潜伏期时会造成误诊.PCR方法每次只能检测一种病毒,费时费力.采用基因芯片的方法可以快速、准确地同步检测多种病原体,且需要样品量少、灵敏、特异、快速、费用低廉,将生物芯片技术用于禽呼吸道疾病诊断意义重大.     

多重PCR结合基因芯片技术检测5种猪繁殖障碍性病毒病方法的研究

为建立运用多重PCR和基因芯片技术同时检测5种猪繁殖障碍性病毒病的方法。本研究根据GenBank中登录的猪瘟病毒(CSFV)、猪细小病毒(PPV)、猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)、猪日本乙型脑炎病毒(JEV)及猪圆环病毒2型(PCV2)的基因序列设计特异性引物与探针,制备相应的寡核苷酸芯片,检测了5种猪繁殖障碍性疾病病毒的标准毒株,并对16份临床样品进行检测。通过多重PCR扩增出带有荧光标记的5种病毒的特异性基因片段,并与固定有特异性探针的基因芯片杂交。结果显示,本研究建立的多重PCR结合基因芯片检测方法特异性强、稳定性好,灵敏度可达10~2拷贝/μL。16份临床样品检测结果显示阳性率达87.5%(14/16)。以上结果表明该方法特异性好、灵敏度高,可高效检测以上5种病毒,为其临床诊断及流行病学调查提供了有效的检测方法。     

基因芯片检测5种动物冠状病毒的初步研究

采用蔗糖密度梯度离心,纯化浓缩犬冠状病毒(CCV)、猫冠状病毒(FCV)、猫传染性腹膜炎病毒(FIPV)、猪传染性胃肠炎病毒(TGEV)、猪呼吸道冠状病毒(PRCV)的细胞培养物,分别设计7,17,11,10和4对引物,构建了49个基因片段的克隆。煮沸裂解法制备质粒DNA,回收PCR扩增产物,点制冠状病毒基因芯片。抽提病毒总RNA,利用Cy3-dCTP随机渗入反转录PCR标记,与芯片进行杂交检测,淘汰交叉的克隆片段。结果表明:克隆CCV1,CCV2,CCV5和CCV7可特异诊断CCV,克隆FCV6,FCV7,FCV8和FCV9可特异诊断FCV,克隆FIPV2,FIPV7,FIPV8和FIPV9可特异诊断FIPV,克隆PRCV1,PRCV2和PRCV3可特异诊断PRCV,克隆TGEV3,TGEV4,TGEV5和TGEV6可特异诊断TGEV。将这些特异克隆扩增片段重新点制基因芯片,与病毒PCR产物杂交,未发现交叉现象。基因芯片检测比传统PCR敏感1000倍,可有效应用于这5种动物冠状病毒的检测与区分。     

Molecular detection of avian pox virus from nodular skin and mucosal fibrinonecrotic lesions of Iranian backyard poultry

In recent years, some outbreaks of skin lesions suspected to be avian pox were observed in the backyard poultry in different parts of western areas in Iran. Consequently, 328 backyard poultries with suspected signs of avian pox virus infection were sampled. All birds showed nodular lesions on unfeathered head skin and/or fibronecrotic lesions on mucus membrane of the oral cavity and upper respiratory tract. For histopathological analysis, the sections of tissue samples from cutaneous lesions of examined birds were stained with H&E method. For PCR, after DNA extraction a 578-bp fragment of avian pox virus from 4b core protein gene was amplified. Results showed 217 and 265 out of 328 (66.1 and 80.7 %, respectively) samples were positive for avian pox virus on histopathological and PCR examination, respectively. In this study, the samples that had intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies on pathologic examination were PCR positive. This study revealed that PCR is a valuable tool for identification of an avian pox virus and that the frequency of pox infection in backyard poultry in western areas of Iran is high.     

PCR、斑点杂交及间接免疫荧光试验对鸡传染性贫血病临床诊断的应用比较

应用能特异性扩增出鸡传染性贫血病毒（ Ｃ Ａ Ｖ） ０５８ ｋｂ Ｄ Ｎ Ａ 的已知引物，对江苏某地区疑为 Ｃ Ａ Ｖ感染的 １５～３０ 日龄病鸡的肝 Ｄ Ｎ Ａ 样品进行了 Ｐ Ｃ Ｒ 扩增。结果，在被检的 ２０ 份样品中，有 ６ 份为 Ｐ Ｃ Ｒ 阳性，阳性率 ３０％ 。利用地高辛标记的 ０８５ ｋ ｂ 的 Ｃ Ａ Ｖ 核酸探针对相同样品进行斑点杂交，结果与 Ｐ Ｃ Ｒ 扩增相同。对应的病鸡血清经间接免疫荧光试验（ Ｉ Ｉ Ｆ Ａ）发现，有 ７ 份为 Ｃ Ａ Ｖ 抗体阳性，与 Ｐ Ｃ Ｒ 扩增结果的符合率为 ７７％ 。初步结果表明，江苏某地区存在 Ｃ Ａ Ｖ 感染， Ｉ Ｉ Ｆ Ａ 与 Ｐ Ｃ Ｒ 的结果有差异     

Differentiation of five strains of infectious bursal disease virus: development of a strain-specific multiplex PCR

Infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) is a major cause of disease problems in the poultry industry and vaccination has therefore been applied intensively to control the infection. The classical methods of detection and characterization of IBDV are by the use of immunodiffusion test and histopathology. Since these methods are laborious and have low specificity alternatives are needed. In the present study, we report the development of a strain-specific multiplex RT-PCR technique, which can detect and differentiate between field strains of IBDV and vaccine virus strains including a so-called hot vaccine strain widely used in the European poultry industry. The method, which is highly specific, fast and inexpensive, can be applied in all laboratories with basal PCR capabilities and equipment.     

检测CSFV、JEV、PRRSV三种RNA病毒多重RT-PCR方法的建立

猪瘟病毒(CSFV)、流行性乙型脑炎病毒(JEV)和猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)是引起严重的种猪繁殖障碍的病原,而且经常混合感染,及时准确诊断是防治的前提。根据GenBank发表序列选取3对引物建立检测CSFV、JEV和PRRSV病毒的多重RT-PCR方法,扩增产物分别为508 bp、380 bp、263 bp。经与IDEXX商品化的检测CSW抗原试剂盒比较,二者的符合率为96.7%;扩增JEV和PRRSV PCR产物分别经EcoR V和Sau3A I酶切得到预期的片段。建立的多重RT-PCR检测JEV、PRRSV和CSFV敏感度分别为12.5个TCID_(50)、10个TCID_(50)和10~(-3)ng总RNA。结果表明该多重RT-PCR方法具有很好的特异性和敏感性,可用于临床三种病毒核酸的检测。     

Concurrent infection in chickens with fowlpox virus and infectious laryngotracheitis virus as detected by immunohistochemistry and a multiplex polymerase chain reaction technique

A concurrent infection of chickens with infectious laryngotracheitis virus (ILTV), a herpesvirus, and fowlpox virus (FWPV), an avipoxvirus, is described. Two techniques, an immunohistochemistry (IHC) technique and a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR), were used to examine 11 tissue samples from chickens clinically diagnosed as FWPV-infected, but only IHC was used to examine six tissue-paraffin blocks prepared from turkeys suspected of having FWPV infection. By multiplex PCR, both FWPV and ILTV were detected from three chicken samples (FI-90, FI-93, and FI-94); both FWPV and ILTV were detected from only two samples (FI-93 and FI-94) by IHC. All chicken samples were positive for FWPV by both PCR and IHC. Viral DNA from these samples was further confirmed by restriction enzyme analysis. When turkey samples were analyzed by the double-stain IHC, all six samples showed the presence of FWPV antigens, but no ILTV antigens. The double IHC technique, using monoclonal antibodies against FWPV and ILTV, was successful in simultaneous demonstration of specific FWPV and ILTV antigens colocalized in infected tissue samples as well as within individual cells. This paper emphasizes the importance of reliable tests that detect specifically the presence of ILTV and FWPV in infected tissue samples. The multiplex PCR assay holds potential to be versatile, rapid, and more sensitive (100%) than IHC (67%) for the simultaneous detection of two different avian viruses. Furthermore, the presence of mixed infection should always be kept in mind in the virologic analysis of respiratory sickness of poultry.     

Molecular characterization of infectious bronchitis virus strains isolated from the enteric contents of Brazilian laying hens and broilers

Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) is the causative agent of avian infectious bronchitis, which is characterized by respiratory, reproductive, and renal signs. However, the role of IBV as an enteric pathogen in still controversial. In Brazil, antigenic groups of IBV divergent from the Massachusetts serotype used for vaccination schedules in that country have already been demonstrated. The present study aimed to assess the different genotypes of IBV in Brazilian commercial poultry flocks by partial sequencing of the S1 amino-terminus coding region using enteric contents as samples and examine their relationship with the vaccine serotype currently in use. Samples of enteric contents were taken as pools of five birds from each of 18 poultry farms (17 broiler and one laying farm) from five Brazilian states between 2002 and 2006. Birds were presenting watery diarrhea and poor general condition but were without respiratory, renal, or reproductive signs. Conventional antibacterial and anticoccidial therapies were unsuccessful and, furthermore, all samples proved negative for rotavirus, reovirus, and astrovirus. Eleven IBV samples were isolated in embryonated eggs and resulted in S1 sequences. Phylogenetic analysis showed that these segregated into an exclusive cluster, close to serotype D274, but distant from Massachusetts. Mean amino acid identity amongst these Brazilian strains was 94.07%; amongst these and serotypes D274, 4/91, and Massachusetts, mean amino acid identity was 77.17%, 69.94%, and 68.93%, respectively. In conclusion, the presence of genotype variant strains of IBV in Brazilian poultry flocks has been demonstrated and might be the reason for the unsuccessful control of IBV in Brazil. Furthermore, these results also strengthen the implications of IBV in enteric diseases of poultry.