中国大豆种质资源抗大豆锈病鉴定

１９９６～１９９９年对我国１０１８份大豆种质资源进行抗大豆锈病鉴定,其结果未见免疫和高抗资源,仅有嘟噜豆－２等９份中抗资源,占鉴定总数的０．８８％,感病资源１００９份,占鉴定总数的９９．１２％。     

中国大豆种质资源抗大豆锈病鉴定

１９８６－１９９５年我国南方１４省８７１１份大豆种质资源进行了抗大豆锈病鉴定。其结果未见免疫和高抗资源，仅有大降色豆，古田岭黑白毛豆，马山仁峰黄豆，天等黑豆，宿８９－１等７４份中抗资源，占鉴定总数的０．８５％；中感资源３８４６份，占鉴定总数的４４．１５％，高感资源４７９１份，占鉴定总数的５５％。感病资源共占９９．１５％。     

黑龙江省大豆种质资源抗大豆孢囊线虫性鉴定与抗源利用

应用田间自然病圃和病土盆栽相结合方法,对黑龙江省９３６份大豆资源进行大豆孢囊线虫３号小种的抗性鉴定,筛选出唯一的抗源－哈尔滨小黑豆。黑龙江省大庆市农科所它作亲本,选育出高产,优质,适应性广的抗线虫大豆新品种庆丰一号,山东省农科院所物所用此抗源选育高产,优质抗线虫品种齐黄２５号和齐黑豆２号。     

大豆病毒病抗源种质创新及鉴定评价研究

通过有性杂交将高产与抗病进行有效重组,经人工接种主生化鉴定,创新出高抗ＳＶＭ１号株系,且高抗种粒斑驳种质５份;哈８３－２０１,哈８８－７７０４,哈８８－２４９９,哈８８－２４９６和哈８９－５８９６;创新出高抗ＳＭＶ３号强毒株系种质,同时高抗种粒斑驳种质５份;哈９１Ｒ３－１８２,哈９１Ｒ３－１８８,哈９１Ｒ３－２３２,哈９１Ｒ３－２４４和哈９１Ｒ３－３１０。并对抗源种质的抗性,丰产性及应用情况进行了     

大豆锈病研究进展

1899年在中国的吉林首次报道了由豆薯层锈菌(Phakopsora pachyrhizi Syd)引起的大豆锈病。20世纪60年代大豆锈病成为热带、亚热带地区大豆生产中最严重的病害，进入本世纪后，大豆锈病成为世界性病害。对大豆锈病较为系统的研究始于20世纪70年代，目前对大豆锈病的病原菌分类、分布及其寄主、病原夏孢子生物学特性、病害流行、抗锈资源鉴定、抗锈遗传都有较为详细的研究，但对冬孢子的作用、生理小种的分化和鉴定、锈菌的交替寄主、锈病的初侵染源都还缺乏深入的研究，至今尚未发现对锈菌免疫的抗源，限制了锈病的防治和抗锈遗传育种的开展。     

中国大豆锈病研究

1899年在中国吉林首次报道了由豆薯层锈菌(Phakopsora pachyrhizi Syd)引起的大豆锈病.20世纪60年代大豆锈病成为热带、亚热带地区大豆生产中最严重的病害.中国于20世纪70年代开始了较为系统的研究,本篇综述介绍了中国在大豆锈病的病原菌分布及其寄主、产量损失,病害流行、病原生活周期、病原与寄主的互作、抗锈资源鉴定、抗锈遗传、抗锈育种和综合防治等方面的研究进展.     

大豆种质资源的分类鉴定研究

将104份来自于国内外的大豆品种，于1998－1999年在河北省保定生态条件下种植，以田间调查记载和室内考种分析所得到的14个性状为参数。对该大豆品种资源群体进行了分类鉴定研究。结果表明，该群体在主要产量性状上具有较为丰富的变异潜力。但在生育期和蛋白质含量为异程度较小。生育期、植株，产量，品质、抗病虫性状的分类鉴定结果表明，不同类别品种表现出各自的性状特点。     

大豆锈菌冬孢子在侵染循环中的作用

在自然条件下形成的大豆锈菌（Phakopsora pachyrhizi Sydow)冬孢子不能萌发直接浸染大豆，落入土中的病菌残体也不能引起大豆植株发病，说明在我国锈菌虽然能在自然条件下形成冬孢子，但不能成为大豆锈病初次侵染源。     

大豆抗锈种质的评价

对14个国内外大豆抗锈种质在福建地区的抗锈性及农艺性状进行了评价。结果表明:抗锈基因Rpp1、 Rpp2、Rpp3和Rpp4 (屏南豆)的抗性已被克服,抗锈种质樟子乌、九月黄和日向可能含有新的抗锈基因。来自国外 的抗锈种质在福建地区未能表现出对锈病的抗性,农艺性状较差,不适宜直接利用。     

大豆种质5621对所衍生品种的遗传贡献

自1961年辽宁大豆种质5621育成后，由5621作为直接亲本先后衍生出7个优良大豆品种，进而由这7个大豆品种衍生出26个品种，在这33个大豆品种中，有15个曾获国家级或省部级科技成果奖励。5621对其衍生品种的遗传贡献主要来自细胞核，仅有6个品种承带5621的细胞质，细胞质的遗传贡献较小。     

大豆锈菌冬孢子形成研究

大豆锈菌可在大豆植株上形成冬孢子和冬孢子堆，田间在10－11月初形成，但数量较少，冬孢子堆的形成与大豆品种，温度，湿度，光照等有关，日均温20度以下，日最低气温16度以下有利于冬孢子形成，昼夜温差大，形成冬孢子堆数量多，感病品种比抗病品种出现冬孢子的时间早，数量多，但体积小，冬孢子堆的大小与数量成负相关，在13－25度，200lux条件下，冬孢子堆体积较大，数量较多。     

Evaluation of soybean for resistance to soybean rust in Vietnam

Soybean rust, caused by Phakopsora pachyrhizi Sydow, is a severe foliar disease of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] that occurs throughout most soybean producing regions of the world. The objective of this research was to evaluate selected soybean genotypes for resistance to soybean rust in Vietnam. Five field experiments in Vietnam were completed from 2006 to 2009. The area-under-the-disease-progress-curve (AUDPC) was calculated for each soybean genotype based on four disease assessments taken during the reproductive growth stages. AUDPC units among soybean genotypes in each experiment differed (P < 0.05). Over the five experiments, the resistant check DT 2000 was most often the genotype with the lowest AUDPC units while the sources of rust resistance (Rpp1-5) did not always have low AUDPC units in each experiment, although PI 230970 (Rpp2) appeared to be more stable. A few genotypes with non-characterized genes for resistance, such as PI 398998, PI 437323, and PI 549017, had the lowest AUDPC units in at least one of the experiments. These genetic resources may be useful for host plant resistance studies and breeding soybeans for rust resistance in Vietnam and other locations like Brazil and the United States that have more recently been inundated with soybean rust. A significant (P < 0.001) experiment × genotype interaction was found when the AUDPC data of 14 soybean genotypes tested in Experiments 1, 2, and 3 were combined and analyzed. This result indicates the potential importance of changing fungal races and/or biotypes that occur in the rust population.     

大豆抗大豆花叶病毒研究进展

由大豆花叶病毒(soybean mosaic virus,SMV)引起的大豆花叶病毒病是一种世界性大豆病害,严重地影响了大豆的产量和品质.本文介绍了国内外大豆抗SMV的最新研究进展,主要包括:抗源筛选、抗性遗传、抗性基因的精细定位和分子标记辅助选择以及大豆对SMV候选抗性基因的研究等,并对该领域的研究进行了初步展望,以期为大豆抗SMV分子育种和抗性候选基因的功能研究提供参考.     

大豆资源抗疫霉根腐病基因分析

采取下胚轴创伤接种法鉴定156份大豆资源对13个不同毒力基因型大豆疫霉菌株的抗性。结果表明,125份资源分别抗1-13个菌株,占鉴定资源总数的80.13%。125份抗性大豆资源对13个大豆疫霉菌株共产生90种反应型。通过与13个鉴别寄主的反应型比较发现,有9份大豆资源产生的5种反应型与含有已知抗病基因的大豆资源的反应型相同;12份大豆资源产生的5种反应型与已知2个抗病基因组合的反应型一致,另外,还有至少抗1个菌株的104份大豆资源产生的80种反应型,既不同于已知单个抗病基因的反应型,也不同于2个已知抗病基因组合的反应型,推测可能含有新的抗病基因或基因组合。     

Marker-assisted pyramiding of four QTL/genes for Asian rust (Phakopsora pachyrhizi) resistance in soybean

Gene pyramiding (assembling multiple desirable genes into a single genotype) via conventional methods to combat Asian rust resistance in soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) and developing soybean varieties with durable resistance to this disease continues to be a challenge. Therefore, our objectives were to pyramid four Asian rust (caused by Phakopsora pachyrhizi) resistance (Rpp) genes, viz., Rpp1, Rpp2, Rpp3, and Rpp4 from their respective donors, PI200492 (Komata), PI230971, PI462312 (Ankur), and PI459025 (Bing Nan). Two single crosses (PI200492 × PI230971; PI462312 × PI459025) and a double-cross [(PI200492 × PI230971) × (PI462312 × PI459025)] were made for present study. The scoring of parents and crosses was done according to a 0–9 grading scale, where 0 = 0% disease intensity (absolutely resistant), 1 = 1% disease intensity (highly resistant), 3 = 1.1–10% disease intensity (moderately resistant), 5 = 10.1–25% disease intensity (moderately susceptible), 7 = 25.1–50% disease intensity (susceptible), and 9 = more than 50% disease intensity (highly susceptible). Out of four parents used, Rpp1 gene-donor plant introduction (PI)200492 (Komata) was immune to rust, with a disease grade of 0.92. Rpp2 and Rpp4 gene donors, PI230971 and [PI459025 (Bing Nan)], had reddish-brown (RB) lesions. Rpp3 gene-donor PI462312 (Ankur) showed a few, highly localized patches of tan lesions; however, it was not as susceptible as the susceptible check JS335. In cross-A (PI200492 × PI230971), all the F₁s were rust resistant, whereas in the F₂, 93.9% (845 plants) were either immune (11.0%, 99 plants) showing no infection or had RB lesions (82.9%, 746 plants) with resistant reaction and the remainder 6.1% (55 plants) had susceptible reaction. In cross-B (PI462312 × PI459025), 80.8% (63 plants) of the F₁ had RB lesions and resistant reaction, whereas 19.2% (15 plants) had susceptible reaction. In its F₂ population, 24.2% (217 plants) were susceptible. In cross-C [(PI200492 × PI230971) × (PI462312 × PI459025)], i.e., double-cross hybrid (DCH), 85.5% (77 plants) were either immune or had RB lesions, whereas the rest of the plants 14.5% (13 plants) showed susceptible reaction. Based on parental survey, four simple sequence repeat primers were short-listed for amplification of individual rust-resistance gene-specific markers in ten plants of each cross, viz., Satt191-210bp (Rpp1 gene), Sat_361-245bp (Rpp2 gene), Satt263-195bp (Rpp3 gene), and Rpp4TM-128bp (Rpp4 gene). In the single-cross hybrid (SCH)-A (PI200492 × PI230971), six plants had both Rpp1 and Rpp2 genes, whereas in another SCH-B (PI462312 × PI459025), seven plants had both Rpp3 and Rpp4 genes. In DCH [(PI200492 × PI230971) × (PI462312 × PI459025)], a single plant had all four Rpp genes, five plants had two Rpp genes, whereas a single susceptible plant had only Rpp3 gene. The homozygous rust-resistant segregants from these crosses can be used for improving rust resistance of otherwise adapted, high-yielding soybean genotypes.