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大豆产品中胰蛋白酶抑制因子及其对猪禽生产性能的影响综述 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文阐述了大豆饼(粕)中的主要抗营养因子——胰蛋白酶抑制因子的种类、理化性质及其对猪禽生产性能的影响,以及破坏胰蛋白酶抑制因子的处理方法。 相似文献
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大豆及其加工产品含有抗营养因子。目前已经发现的大豆抗营养因子达10余种(张明峰,1999),其中对大豆营养价值、适口性及人和动物危害较大的主要是胰蛋白酶抑制因子(TI)、抗维生素因子、胀气因子和脲酶。生大豆不能直接饲喂家禽,适当加工处理后才能收到理想的效果。一般认为,大豆中抗营养因子只要灭活80%~85%即可达最佳营养价值(Rackis,1974;Liener,19761。国内外已广泛研究了加工工艺和处理方法对大豆中抗营养因子的灭活效果。并对处理的大豆及其产品的饲用价值进行了研究(谯仕彦等,1998;李素芬等,2001)。为了进一步拓宽大豆的加工领域和有效改善其饲用价值。本试验研究了新的大豆加工产品——全脂脱腥豆粉对肉仔鸡的饲用效果。并与大豆常规加工产品(豆粕和膨化大豆)进行了比较,从而探讨肉仔鸡日粮中不同大豆产品的加工和利用问题。[编者按] 相似文献
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为研究大豆胰蛋白酶抑制因子对小鼠胰腺氧自由基水平的影响,试验选用36只昆明种雄性小鼠,按体质量随机分为3组。第一组为对照纽,饲喂基础日粮;第二组为试验组,饲喂含有大豆胰蛋白酶抑制因子的基础日粮,第三组为抗氧化剂组,饲喂舍大豆胰蛋白酶抑制因子+维生素C的日粮。试验期3周,空腹屠宰,眼球采血制备血清,迅速取出胰腺进行氧化和抗氧化指标检测。结果表明,大豆胰蛋白酶抑制因子能显著增加氧自由基水平。与对照组比较,试验组小鼠血清和胰腺的MDA(malondialdehyde,MDA)含量分别显著地增加了98.17%,185.58%,抗超氧阴离子自由基和抑制羟自由基能力被显著降低,TAOC、S013(superoxidedismutase)、CAT和GSH—Px活性被显著减少(P〈0.05)。添加维生素C后,氧化应激被减轻,但氧化指标仍高于对照组。上述结果表明,大豆胰蛋白酶抑制因子能够导致氧化和抗氧化不平衡,从而使其处于氧化应激状态。 相似文献
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大豆胰蛋白酶抑制因子检测方法的研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
1脲酶检测法生大豆中含有不等量的脲酶,脲酶本身无营养意义,但它与胰蛋白酶抑制因子含量相近,变性失活的程度也与胰蛋白酶抑制因子相似,故可用脲酶活性作为大豆加工适宜程度的检测指标。脲酶的测定方法比较简单,其原理是生豆粕中的脲酶使试剂中的尿素释放氨气,从而使溶液的pH值 相似文献
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选择42±4日龄、平均体重为711.4±108.8 g健康美系力克斯断奶幼兔50只,公母比例为1∶1,根据性别、体重将50只兔随机分为5组,每组10只,5只公兔,5只母兔,单笼饲养。预试期1周。5个组日粮为等能等蛋白设计,日粮中分别含有25%生大豆、25%化学钝化大豆、25%热处理大豆、25%豆粕和13%生大豆+12%豆粕。胰蛋白酶抑制因子含量(实测值)分别为6.55、1.99、1.73、0.81和3.97 m g/g。试验6周末,从每1个组中随机选出3只公兔进行屠宰(91±4日龄,平均体重为1544.2±114.8 g),用于测消化酶活性的胰腺样和十二指肠内容物在液氮中速冻,然后转移至-20℃低温冰箱中保存。结果表明:家兔采食25%生大豆后,胰腺和十二指肠内容物胰蛋白酶活性被显著抑制(P<0.05),胰腺中脂肪酶活性降低,但未达显著水平(P>0.05)。胰腺和十二指肠淀粉酶活性,各组间无显著差异。 相似文献
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本研究以微生物接种量、大豆与水分质量比(料水比)、发酵温度为主要考察因素,使用复合微生物制剂对大豆进行发酵,经过单因素试验筛选影响因素最佳参数范围,然后使用正交分析获得最优发酵参数,旨在获得最低胰蛋白酶抑制因子(KTI)含量的发酵大豆。单因素试验结果表明:微生物接种量、料水比、发酵温度的适宜范围为0.2 ~ 0.4 g/kg,1.0:0.9至1.0:1.1,30 ~ 40 ℃|在单因素试验基础上,对微生物接种量、料水比、发酵温度进行正交试验分析,结果认为发酵时间固定为3 d时,最优发酵工艺参数为微生物接种量0.3 g/kg,料水比1.0:1.0,发酵温度35 ℃|在最优工艺参数条件下,大豆发酵物中KTI含量最低为1.3167 mg/g。因此,本研究认为复合微生物制剂发酵大豆可有效降低其KTI含量,减少豆类饲料产品中抗营养因子引起的负面作用,值得在饲料生产中推广与应用。[关键词] 微生物|大豆|胰蛋白酶抑制因子|发酵 相似文献
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大豆胰蛋白酶抑制因子酶联免疫吸附测定方法的研究 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
本研究以纯化的大豆Kunitz胰蛋白酶抑制因子(KTI)为抗原,对兔子进行35天免疫得到了兔抗KTI血清。分别用辣根过氧化物酶(HRP)标记纯化的抗原与抗体,制备了标记适度的酶标抗原与酶标抗体。建立了3种检测KTI含量的酶联免疫吸附测定(ELISA)方法,即酶标抗原竞争、酶标抗体直接抑制和问接抑制法。结果表明,抑制率在20%~70%范围之内,3种方法得到的标准曲线均呈现良好的线性关系(r>0.96),且检测下限均低于20ng/ml。根据得到的标准曲线,用酶标抗原竞争ELISA法测定了不同温度热处理的KTI中剩余活性部分的含量。结果表明,ELISA法与酶化学分析法的测定结果高度相关(r=0.99),同时样品添加的回收率试验误差小于10%。酶标抗原竞争法还被用来测定了不同温度热处理的大豆和熟豆粕、全价饲料等几种大豆产品中KTI的含量。以上结果说明,用ELISA法检测生大豆和不同热加工形式的大豆产品中的剩余KTI含量是可行的。 相似文献
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J. J. Ramos A. Loste L. M. Ferrer A. Fernández N. Castro A. Ortín M. T. Verde A. Argüello L. Figueras 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2010,94(1):93-98
The aim of the study was to evaluate the influence of soybean trypsin inhibitor (TI) on immunoglobulin G (IgG) serum levels and growth in neonatal goat kids. Twenty‐four newborn kids were fed with natural colostrum (group A), and 24 kids received the same colostrum with 1 g of TI per litre (group B). Blood samples were obtained at birth and on days 1, 2 and 4 of life to analyze serum proteins, IgG and haematological parameters. There were no clinical signs of disease and no significant differences in body weight between the groups. Haematological parameters were not affected by treatment. The peak of serum IgG was reached at 24 h of life, but no effects of soybean TI was observed on serum IgG levels. The apparent efficiency of absorption of IgG was similar in both groups (group A 24.5% vs. group B 25.2%, p > 0.05). The addition of TI to colostrum did not change the concentration of serum proteins and their fractions in goat kids. The correlation between serum IgG and γ‐globulin was positive and significant (p < 0.01, r = 0.64) in group A, but not in group B (p > 0.05, r = 0.08), suggesting a negative influence of soybean TI on γ‐globulin absorption. These results show that addition of soybean TI to colostrum did not improve the performance or immunological status in goat kids. 相似文献
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大豆作为饲料蛋白质的重要来源,既含有丰富的营养成分,也有影响蛋白质消化吸收的胰蛋白酶抑制剂等抗营养因子。本研究以合丰50为母本,中黄16为父本,通过常规杂交育种及非变性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳的分子辅助育种技术,经过多年选育,获得适合黑龙江省栽培的Kunitz型胰蛋白酶抑制剂缺失稳定遗传的大豆新品系“HZ8009”。该品系生育期120 d,植株高大茎叶繁茂,无限结荚习性,籽粒蛋白质含量42%,脂肪含量20%。利用饲草质量检测技术对高代品系“HZ7009”植株饲草营养价值分析表明,与牡丹江秣食豆相比,“HZ7009”干草产量高21.39%,干物质中粗蛋白质含量高3.92%,且最佳刈割时期为花期至结荚期。大豆新品系“HZ8009”具有高蛋白、高生物量的特性,可作饲草资源品种加以广泛利用。 相似文献
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The concentrations of IgG, IgM, IgA and the specific sow colostrum trypsin inhibitor (SCTI) were measured by radial immunodiffusion in colostrum and milk samples from sows and in serum samples from their offspring during the suckling period. A clear time dependence was found for all the measured variates in both whey and serum. Statistically significant positive correlations were found between, on the one hand, concentrations of IgG and IgA, but not IgM, in sera from 39 suckling piglets 1 and 3 days old, and, on the other hand, concentrations of the same immunoglobulins and of the trypsin inhibitor in maternal colostrum (n = 7). Multiple regression analyses showed that at day 1 and day 3 the levels of both IgG and IgA in serum samples from the suckling piglets were positively influenced by both the SCTI and the IgG or IgA contents in maternal colostrum. 相似文献
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高钼对艾维因肉鸡血清免疫球蛋白的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
300只1日龄艾维因肉鸡健雏随机分为4组,分别饲以对照日粮(Mo 13mg/kg)和高钼日粮(Mo 500mg/kg,高钼Ⅰ组;Mo 1 000mg/kg,高钼Ⅱ组;Mo 1 500mg/kg,高钼Ⅲ组)6周。病理形态学观察,高钼Ⅱ、Ⅲ组雏鸡法氏囊与对照组比较淋巴细胞减少,网状细胞增生。免疫比浊法测定,高钼Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组血清IgG和IgM含量显著低于对照组(P<0.05或P<0.01),IgA含量与对照组差异不显著(P>0.05)。结果显示,日粮钼水平为1 000mg/kg及其以上时,雏鸡法氏囊结构受损,日粮钼水平为500mg/kg及其以上时血清IgG和IgM含量降低,雏鸡体液免疫功能受损。 相似文献
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Effect of dietary enzymes on the ileal digestibility and abdominal fat content in broilers 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The effects of purified cellulase and a commercial feed enzyme (FE) containing cellulase, hemicellulase, pectinase and so on, on the performance, abdominal fat content, digestibility of ileal contents and metabolizable energy of broilers were examined. Male broiler chicks (Cobb strain) were divided into three groups: control, cellulase (1 U/g feed) and FE (0.6 mg/g feed) with seven replicates. Chicks were raised under a temperature condition of 25°C in wire bottom cages for 12 days from 15 days of age. Feed (corn–soybean meal diet: crude protein, 21%; metabolizable energy, 3000 kcal/kg) and water were offered ad libitum. Dietary cellulase had a negative effect on the bodyweight gain and feed conversion ratio. The FE had no effect on bodyweight gain, but tended to improve the feed conversion ratio. The ileal crude protein and ash digestibilities were improved by the FE, but not by the cellulase. Furthermore, cellulase decreased the abdominal fat content and the FE increased metabolizable energy. In conclusion, digestion is enhanced and an improvement in performance is brought about by FE and, interestingly, fat metabolism is affected by cellulase by an unknown mechanism. 相似文献
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