Abnormal vaginal cytology in a fertile bitch

The changes in vaginal cytology in a Welsh Springer Spaniel bitch were examined during and after three oestrous periods. Epithelial cell changes were normal. However, polymorphonuclear leucocytes persisted in smears throughout oestrus, and gross haemorrhage occurred well into metoestrus. The bitch conceived at all three heats and had uncomplicated pregnancies.     

Urinary incontinence in the bitch due to sphincter mechanism incompetence: surgical treatment

Many bitches with sphincter mechanism incompetence fail to respond to medical therapy. This paper describes a method of surgical treatment and discusses the results obtained in 33 bitches in which it was employed.     

Anovulvar cleft and vaginal prolapse-hyperplasia in a bitch

This report presents the case of a nine-month-old bitch with incomplete occlusion of the skin and mucosa between the anus and dorsal commissure of the vulva. This anomaly, known as anovulvar cleft, was associated with a vaginal prolapse-hyperplasia. Anovulvar cleft is a rare condition in bitches and is caused by incomplete closure of the dorsal urogenital folds. Anovulvar cleft can lead to clitoritis, abrasion, dryness and devitalisation of the smooth exposed mucosa. Surgery can correct the condition. In the present study, surgical resection of the hyperplasic vaginal tissue associated with perineoplasty using an inverted V-shaped incision showed excellent results. An ovariohysterectomy was also performed to prevent recurrence of the vaginal prolapse-hyperplasia.     

Urinary incontinence in the bitch due to sphincter mechanism incompetence: prevalence in referred dogs and retrospective analysis of sixty cases

A retrospective analysis of 174 cases of canine incontinence was made to determine the incidence of sphincter mechanism incompetence in the bitch. This diagnosis was made in 60 bitches (21 juveniles and 39 adults) and the clinical features and response to puberty and oestrogen treatment in these cases are discussed.     

Significance of the vaginal bacterial flora in the bitch: a review.

The literature on the bacterial flora in the vagina of the bitch is reviewed. The bacterial flora in the vagina of healthy bitches is compared with the flora of infertile bitches and bitches with vaginitis, and the role of Brucella canis as a cause of infertility is evaluated. Several investigators have recommended that bitches with reproductive disorders be treated with antibacterial drugs, but there is very little knowledge of the effect of this therapy on the bacterial flora in the vagina.     

Urinary tract infection caused by Corynebacterium urealyticum in a dog

Urinary tract infection (UTI) caused by Corynebacterium urealyticum is a rarely recognised condition in veterinary medicine. This report describes a case in a 13-month-old dog which presented with a history of dysuria and haematuria. C urealyticum was identified as the cause of UTI. The clinical, radiological and ultrasonographic features and the results of urinalysis and urine bacteriological culture are described, as are the therapeutic challenges presented by this particular infection.     

Clinical approach to vaginal/vestibular masses in the bitch.

The most common causes of vaginal/vestibular masses in the bitch are vaginal prolapse, vaginal neoplasia, and urethral neoplasia protruding into the vaginal vault. Other possible causes are clitoral enlargement, vaginal polyps, uterine prolapse, and vaginal abscessation or hematoma. Vaginal prolapse usually can be distinguished from neoplasia by the age of the patient, the time of occurrence during the estrous cycle, and the site of origin of the mass. Prolapse usually occurs in bitches under 4 years of age during proestrus, estrus, or at the end of diestrus and usually arises from the floor of the vagina, except for urethral tumors that protrude from the external urethral orifice. Appropriate diagnostic workup of bitches with vaginal vestibular masses includes complete history and physical examination, vaginal cytologic and vaginoscopic examination, retrograde vaginography or urethrocystography, serum progesterone and estradiol concentrations, and, in the case of suspect neoplasms, surgical or excision biopsy of the mass.     

Urinary incontinence in dogs and cats

The differential diagnosis of canine urinary incontinence is discussed. Where appropriate, comparisons are made to similar causes of incontinence in the cat.     

Partial bladder resection in a bitch with urinary retention following surgical excision of a vaginal leiomyoma

Ovariohysterectomy and surgical excision of a vaginal leiomyoma were performed in a bitch exhibiting continuous bleeding from the vulva. Following excision of the tumour, urine retention and urinary incontinence developed. Treatment using drugs and an indwelling catheter was unsuccessful in correcting the disorders and chronic cystitis developed after long-standing urine stagnation in the bladder. The authors resorted to undertaking partial cystectomy in order to correct the condition, which resulted in reduced urine retention and improved micturition.