鸡病流行特点及防治措施

<正>当前我国的养鸡业发展迅速,农户进行集约化、规模化养殖已成为养鸡业发展的主旋律。然而各类鸡病的频繁发生和反复发作严重制约了我国养鸡业的健康发展,因此了解鸡病的流行规律和特点,并基于此开展有效的综合预防和防治措施,对保障我国养鸡业的健康发展,增加农民的经济收入意义重大。1鸡病的流行特点1.1鸡病种类不断增加随着养鸡业规模化、集约化水平的不断提     

浅谈鸡大肠杆菌病的防治

无论是蛋鸡或是肉鸡,伴随着养鸡业的发展,鸡大肠杆菌病对养鸡业的影响也越来越严重,针对鸡大肠杆菌病的主要流行情况和危害,本文将简述鸡大肠杆菌病的发病原因和临床症状,并探析鸡大肠杆菌病的防治措施,加强对鸡大肠杆菌的诊断和治疗,以减少此类疾病对养鸡业的危害。     

浅谈规模化养鸡场环境控制策略

<正>近几年来,随着集约化养鸡业的迅速发展,特别是规模化养鸡场的大量兴起。我国各地鸡病尤其是一些新兴鸡病的发生和流行,给养鸡业造成了严重的经济损失。为了保证养鸡业的稳定和发展,加     

葫芦岛地区鸡大肠杆菌分离鉴定及药物敏感性试验

鸡大肠杆菌病是养鸡业最为常见的一种细菌性的疾病。随着我国养鸡业的发展,近几年鸡大肠杆菌病的发展也日趋严重,危害也越来越明显,现已成为目前危害我国养鸡业发展的重要疾病之一。抗生素在防治鸡的大肠杆菌病方面具有重要作用。但由于滥用抗生素,耐药性菌株越来越多。这样一     

鸡病防治用药的原则及注意事项

伴随着近年来养鸡业的迅速发展,鸡病的数量、种类与发病率也在逐年增加。要想尽可能使养鸡业在面对鸡病时能够有效地减少损失、保障家禽的健康与生产性能,就必须充分运用药物对鸡病进行及时的预防与治疗。本文旨在对防治鸡病时的用药原则与注意事项进行详细阐释,希望能够为养鸡业的进一步发展带来一定的帮助。     

浅谈鸡病防治措施

近年来，随着养鸡业的规模发展，危害养鸡业的疾病也变得越来越复杂，正确了解和认识鸡病动态，对于及时、有效地防治鸡病的发生和发展，最大限度地减少由于疫病所带来的损失，提高养鸡业的经济效益具有重大意义。     

海安县鸡病血清学诊断报告

近几年,我县养鸡业发展较快,鸡的品种多,数量大,加之商品流通渠道的不断拓宽,鸡病也随之蔓延和发生。为了摸清鸡疾病感染情况制定综合防治措施,保障今后养鸡业的更快发展,我们除了对鸡病进行流行病学调查外,1986年10月10日至10月底,还进行了鸡病的血清学诊断。     

当前禽病主要流行特点与防制对策的体会

近年来，随着养鸡业的规模发展，危害养鸡业的畜禽疾病也变得越来越复杂，正确了解和认识当前鸡病动态，对于及时、有效地防制禽病的发生和发展，最大限度地减少由于鸡病所带来的损失，提高养鸡业经济效益具有重大意义。现就当前禽病主要流行特点与防制对策探讨如下：     

鸡病防治中存在的问题及对策

近几年来,随着养鸡业的迅速发展,特别是城郊养鸡规模的不断扩大,鸡病越来越多,对养鸡业本身和环境都已造成严重影响,急需解决。现就平度市为例,浅谈鸡病     

鸡常见疫病的防治措施

随着工厂化、集约化养鸡业的发展,大规模高密度的饲养方式为鸡病的传播和流行提供了有利条件.如何防止鸡病的发生、传播,是养鸡业成败的关键.本文就常见鸡疫病的种类及防治措施进行探讨.     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

Mechanism of Action of Probiotic Function of Lactobacilli

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制.     

Evaluation of serum concentrations of biomarkers of skeletal metabolism and results of radiography as indicators of severity of osteochondrosis in foals

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether serum concentrations of biomarkers of skeletal metabolism can, in conjunction with radiographic evaluation, indicate severity of osteochondrosis in developing horses. ANIMALS: 43 Dutch Warmblood foals with varying severity of osteochondrosis. PROCEDURE: 24 foals were monitored for 5 months and 19 foals were monitored for 11 months. Monthly radiographs of femoropatellar-femorotibial and tibio-tarsal joints were graded for osteochondral abnormalities. Serial blood samples were assayed for 8 cartilage and bone biomarkers. At the end of the monitoring period, foals were examined for macroscopic osteochondrosis lesions. RESULTS: Temporal relationships were evident between certain serum biomarkers and osteochondrosis severity in foals during their first year. Biomarkers of collagen degradation (collagenase-generated neoepitopes of type-II collagen fragments, type-I and -II collagen fragments [COL2-3/4C(short)], and cross-linked telopeptide fragments of type-I collagen) and bone mineralization (osteocalcin) were positive indicators of osteochondrosis severity at 5 months of age. In foals with lesions at 11 months of age, osteochondrosis severity correlated negatively with COL2-3/4C(short) and osteocalcin and positively with C-propeptide of type-II procollagen (CPII), a collagen synthesis marker. Radiographic grading of osteochondrosis lesions significantly correlated with macroscopic osteochondrosis severity score at both ages and was strongest when combined with osteocalcin at 5 months and CPII at 11 months. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The ability of serum biomarkers to indicate osteochondrosis severity appears to depend on stage of disease and is strengthened with radiography. In older foals with more permanent lesions, osteochondrosis severity is significantly related to biomarker concentrations of decreased bone formation and increased cartilage synthesis.