Immunologic enhancement of tumor xenografts by pepsin-degraded immunoglobulin

The serums from guinea pigs previously injected with mouse Ehrlich ascites tumor cells were fractionated to obtain gamma(2)-immunoglobulin. This immunoglobulin was degraded with pepsin to obtain an F(ab')(2) fragment. Fresh tumor cells were incubated with immunoglobulin or the fragment and injected into normal guinea pigs. The growth of these cells as tumor xenografts was inhibited by the gamma(2)-immunoglobulin and enhanced by the F(ab')(2) fragment. Similar incubation of tumor cells with normal guinea pig gamma(2)-globulin or its derived F(ab')(2) fragment did not alter subsequent tumor growth.     

Antigenic streptococcal components in acute glomerulonephritis

Fluorescein-labeled immunoglobulin G fractions from serums of patients with acute glomerulonephritis and from many normal serums stained the glomerular basement membrane and mesangium of renal tissue from patients with early acute glomerulonephritis; these serums did not stain the corresponding tissues from patients with any other kidney disease. Previous absorption of the serum fraction with frozen and thawed nephritogenic beta hemolytic streptococci abolished all staining. Other bacteria studied did not abolish the staining. Only the plasma membrane of the streptococcus absorbed the immunoglobulin G fraction; such absorption eliminated staining. Fluorescein-labeled antiserums against streptococcal plasma membrane had staining properties similar to patients' serums.     

Autoantibodies to nucleosomal proteins: antibodies to HMG-17 in autoimmune diseases

The relative amounts of autoantibodies against defined nucleosomal proteins present in serums from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD) have been examined by an enzyme-linked immunoassay. Autoantibodies to nucleosomal proteins were detected in 45 percent of the patients with SLE, 18 percent of the MCTD patients, and none of the RA patients. The results suggest that, in SLE, antibodies are formed against a subset of nucleosomes which contain protein HMG-17.     

Autoimmune glomerulonephritis induced in sheep by injections of human lung and Freund's adjuvant

Sheep immunized with human lung and Freund's adjuvant develop progressive glomerulonephritis with deposition of autoantibodies and complement in the glomerular basement membrane. This nephritis appears to be the first autoimmune disease induced by antigens that are not organspecific. By clinical and immunopathologic criteria, this nephritis appears identical to the nephritis induced in sheep by human glomerular basement membrane and greatly resembles certain nephritides of man, in particular, the nephritis in Goodpasture's disease.     

PENICILLIN IN EXPERIMENTAL SPOTTED FEVER

Guinea pigs infected with a virulent strain of spotted fever received large doses of penicillin intramuscularly every 4 hours. The injections were begun 48 hours after the onset of fever. Controls included untreated animals and others that received one dose of spotted fever rabbit immune globulin. The penicillin had no effect on the classic symptoms of this disease and all the treated animals died. (The toxicity of penicillin for guinea pigs probably was a contributing factor.) Eight out of 16 controls died; all guinea pigs receiving globulin survived. Penicillin plasma determinations led to the belief that the treatment was adequate to bring about recovery had the agent been of any value.     

Immunotherapy of metastases enhances subsequent chemotherapy

In many multimodal therapies of cancer, postsurgical chemotherapy is administered before immunotherapy for treatment of micrometastatic disease. This sequence may not be the most efficacious. Experiments in which strain 2 guinea pigs bearing syngeneic L10 hepatocarcinomas were given immunotherapy showed that infiltrating immune effector cells not only were tumoricidal but disrupted the characteristically compact structure of metastatic foci. When cytotoxic drugs were administered at the peak of this inflammatory response, the survival rate of the guinea pigs increased significantly. We conclude that postsurgical immunotherapy can enhance the effect of cytotoxic drugs administered subsequently.     

主成分分析法与聚类分析法在胎衣不下奶牛血液生化研究中的应用

通过分析胎衣不下奶牛血液生化指标的变化特征,为奶牛胎衣不下早期诊断方法的建立提供依据。产犊后立即无菌采集47头奶牛血液,其中25头为胎衣正常排出奶牛,22头为胎衣不下奶牛;血液生化分析仪检测血清生化指标,主成分分析法与聚类分析法分析检测结果。结果表明,16项血清生化指标被聚类成3个主成分,主成分聚类分析的结果与临床采集样品的分类结果一致;与胎衣正常排出奶牛相比,胎衣不下奶牛的血清中乳酸脱氢酶、谷草转氨酶、谷氨酰胺转移酶、肌酸激酶水平显著升高。表明,主成分分析和聚类分析可以有效地区别胎衣不下奶牛血清和胎衣正常排出奶牛血清,因此可以通过此方法对奶牛产后胎衣不下的发生进行提前诊断;还表明奶牛胎衣不下的发生不仅与蛋白质代谢、离子代谢和肌肉代谢紊乱有关,而且肝脏和肾脏的机能损伤也可能导致胎衣不下。     

鸡传染性法氏囊病病毒抗血清的研制

[目的]确保鸡传染性法氏囊病病毒(IBDV)抗血清高效力的同时又彻底解决安全性和免疫应激问题,旨在研制出一种高效、安全的鸡传染性法氏囊病(IBD)预防和治疗制品.[方法]以SPF鸡为免疫动物,按照《兽用生物制品试验研究指导技术原则》和《中华人民共和国兽药典》(2010年版)的要求研制IBDV抗血清,经脱毒处理后,对其半成品及成品进行检验.[结果]以IBDV NJ株免疫4周龄SPF鸡获得的抗血清,未脱毒处理前的血清效价≥1∶64,脱毒处理后的成品效价≥1∶32.半成品和成品的检验结果显示,经过脱毒处理后的IBDV抗血清制品呈橙黄色,无菌、无支原体、无外源病毒,对小白鼠、豚鼠和SPF鸡均安全,甲醛和硫柳汞残留量也未超过规定标准.[结论]研制的IBDV抗血清制品符合《中华人民共和国兽药典》的要求,完全可用于IBD的紧急预防和早期治疗,今后可作为一个正规产品上市以满足市场需要.     

五味地龙汤的止咳作用研究

目的:探讨五味地龙汤水煎液的止咳作用.方法:用小鼠氨水引咳法、豚鼠枸橼酸引咳法及电刺激豚鼠引咳法进行实验.结果:五味地龙汤水煎液对氨水所致小鼠咳嗽及枸橼酸所致豚鼠咳嗽均有显著的止咳作用(P﹤0.01);对电刺激豚鼠所致咳嗽有显著的抑制作用(P<0.01).结论:五味地龙汤水煎液有显著的止咳作用.     

Legionnaires' disease: concentrations of selenium and other elements

Selenium concentrations in the serums of 17 acutely ill Legionnaires' disease patients were significantly lower than in their matching convalescent-phase serums. This trend was not observed in ten similarly paired samples of serum from control patients with pneumonia. There were no significant differences in the concentrations of nickel, copper, bromine, rubidium, lead, barium, or titanium in the serums of Legionnaires' disease and control patients.     

猪类乙型肝炎病毒的血清学检测及其S和C基因的克隆与分析

对甘肃省兰州市周边地区采集的300份猪血清的表面抗原(HBsAg)、E抗原(HBeAg)、E抗体(抗-HBe)、核心抗体(抗-HBc)、表面抗体(抗-HBs)5项指标进行检测,并从HBsAg和抗-HBs抗体阳性血清中提取DNA,进行乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)S基因和C基因的巢式PCR扩增、克隆、测序和序列分析.结果表明:血清学检测的上述5项指标阳性率分别为10.7%3、.0%、6.1%、3.3%和88.5%,大三阳(即HBsAg、HBeAg、抗-HBs抗体均为阳性)的猪血清样本6份,阳性率为2%;序列分析表明,猪类HBV的S基因和C基因与GenBank中的人HBV同源性达到99%,说明猪存在类HBV感染,且猪类HBV与人HBV存在相关关系.     

Methotrexate: suppression of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis

Methotrexate inhibited the production of allergic encephalomyelitis in guinea pigs when administered between the time of sensitization and the onset of disease. If treatment was delayed until the day of onset of encephalomyelitis, the disease was still suppressed and the death rate was reduced. The protective effect of methotrexate was reversed by folinic acid.     

健康水貂与自咬症水貂血清中金属元素的测定

用原子吸收光谱分析法,测定了健康水貂与自咬症水貂血清中铁、锌、铜、钙、镁、钾、钠、钴、镍、铬、镉、锰等十二种金属元素的含量,除后五种元素未能直接测出外,其余七种元素在健康水貂与自咬症水貂血清中的含量,其差异均不显著(P>0.05),所以,认为水貂自咬症的发生与上述七种金属元素在血清中的含量无关,其所测得的值均可作为水貂正常含量的指标。这七种金属元素在血清中的含量是:Fe 2.766ppm、Zn 3.482ppm、Cu 1.492ppm、Ca 163.4ppm、Mg 31.57ppm、K 313.2ppm、Na 3029.2ppmm。     

Dioxin in soil: bioavailability after ingestion by rats and guinea pigs

Soil environmentally contaminated with 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) was given by gavage to guinea pigs and rats. The development of a characteristic clinicopathologic syndrome in guinea pigs, the induction of aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase in rats, and the presence of TCDD in the livers of both species show that TCDD in soil exhibits high biological availability after ingestion.     

Sterility in female guinea pigs induced by injection with testis

Adult virgin female guinea pigs were injected with an emulsion of homologous adult testis and Freund's adjuvant before exposure to males. The fertility of this group was only 24 percent while the fertility of the control group was 84 percent. The testis-injected guinea pigs had also a high titer of antibodies against testis.     

GENETIC DIFFERENCES IN ANTIBODY PRODUCTION TO DETERMINANT GROUPS ON INSULIN

Highly inbred strain 2 guinea pigs can produce antibodies to portions of the insulin molecule to which strain 13 guinea pigs cannot produce antibodies. Such differences were not observable within either strain. Consequently it is probable that genetic factors regulate antibody production with respect to the determinant groups toward which antibodies are directed.     

Macrophage spreading: inhibition in delayed hypersensitivity

The capacity of peritoneal macrophages to spread was studied with cells of mice infected with Listeria monocytogenes and with cells of guinea pigs sensitized with BCG (bacille Calmette Guérin) vaccine or immunized with ovalbumin. In macrophages taken from animals having delayed hypersensitivity, this ability was markedly decreased by the presence of specific antigen for less than 1 hour. Such an effect was not observed in guinea pigs having only circulating antibodies.     

Positioning of longitudinal nerves in C. elegans by nidogen

Basement membranes can help determine pathways of migrating axons. Although members of the nidogen (entactin) protein family are structural components of basement membranes, we find that nidogen is not required for basement membrane assembly in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Nidogen is localized to body wall basement membranes and is required to direct longitudinal nerves dorsoventrally and to direct axons at the midlines. By examining migration of a single axon in vivo, we show that nidogen is required for the axon to switch from circumferential to longitudinal migration. Specialized basement membranes may thus regulate nerve position.     

水貂阿留申病碘凝集反应与对流免疫电泳对比试验

貂阿留申病是危害养貂业健康发展最严重的传染病之一.到目前为止,尚无有效防治办法,主要依靠定期的诊断、检疫,淘汰病貂,逐步净化貂群.随机采取辽宁某貂场一岁预留母貂血液样本,采用对流免疫电泳试验（CEP）和碘凝集试验（IAT）对所采集的46份血清样本进行检测.结果表明,水貂阿留申病IAT阳性率为67.39％,CEP阳性率为76.09％,CEP阳性率明显高于IAT检测结果.     

PRRSV、PCV-2临床感染猪外周血中ACTH含量的变化

采集61头有呼吸道疾病症状猪的病料,采用分子生物学方法进行猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)、PRRSV变异株、猪圆环病毒2型(PCV-2)的检测,并采集血液分离血清,用放射性免疫法检测其外周血中促肾上腺皮质激素(ACTH)的含量.结果表明:PCV-2核酸阳性率为72.13%,PRRSV为39.34%,PRRSV变异株为22.95%;临床存在混合感染,特别是PRRSV与PCV-2的混合感染,感染率达16.39%;PRRSV、PRRSV变异株和PCV-2的感染均比对照组极显著地提高ACTH的含量,其中以PRRSV变异株与PRRSV的混合感染对ACTH的影响最大,ACTH含量达32.20 pg.mL-1.可见,PRRSV、PCV-2的感染促进了ACTH的分泌,增加猪的应激反应,从而降低病猪的免疫功能.