头孢噻呋体外抗菌活性及其对实验性感染鸡大肠杆菌病的疗效

采用肉汤微量稀释法测定头孢噻呋对大肠杆菌、沙门菌、溶血性巴氏杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、链球菌等病原菌的最小抑菌浓度,采用棋盘稀释法测定头孢噻呋与氧氟沙星、甲氧苄啶(TMP)的联合抑菌浓度指数.结果表明,头孢噻呋、氧氟沙星对5种病原菌都具有很强的抗菌活性;头孢噻呋与氧氟沙星联合使用时,对大肠杆菌、沙门菌、链球菌可产生协同作用,对溶血性巴氏杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌表现为无关作用;头孢噻呋与TMP联合用药时,对上述5种病原菌均具有协同作用.对实验性感染鸡大肠杆菌病的药效学试验结果表明,头孢噻呋高(100mg/L)、中(50mg/L)剂量对感染鸡的有效率明显高于对照药物庆大霉素(P<0.05),极显著高于感染对照组(P<0.01);头孢噻呋高剂量组(100mg/L)感染鸡的增重率与健康对照组相比差异不显著(P>0.05).建议临床应用头孢噻呋治疗鸡大肠杆菌病时,可采用饮水给药,剂量为100mg/L.     

麻保沙星对鸡实验性葡萄球菌病的药效学研究

本研究首先测定了麻保沙星对金黄色葡萄球菌的体外抑菌作用，然后对人工感染金黄色葡萄球菌的病鸡进行临床疗效试验。人工发病6小时后，分别以2.5、5、10mg/kg体重的剂量内服和肌注麻保沙星（每组30只鸡），一天1次，连续给药3天。结果表明，麻保沙星对金黄色葡萄球菌的最小抑菌浓度为0.2μg/ml；对鸡实验性葡萄球菌病，麻保沙星（5、10mg/kg)有显著疗效，治愈率为80％－90％。     

氟甲喹可溶性粉对鸡实验性大肠杆菌病的药效试验

氟喹诺酮类药物(Fluoroguinolone)是指人工合成的有6-氟-4喹诺酮环基苯结构的新型杀菌性抗菌药。目前，国内外兽医临床常用的这类药物有诺氟沙星、环丙沙星、乙基环丙沙星及沙拉沙星等，具有抗菌谱广、杀菌力强、作用迅速和体内分布广泛等特点，它们对大肠杆菌、沙门氏菌、巴氏杆菌、金黄色葡     

及其对实验性感染鸡大肠杆菌病的疗效

采用肉汤微量稀释法测定头孢噻呋对大肠杆菌、沙门菌、溶血性巴氏杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、链球菌等病原菌的最小抑菌浓度,采用棋盘稀释法测定头孢噻呋与氧氟沙星、甲氧苄啶（TMP）的联合抑菌浓度指数。结果表明,头孢噻呋、氧氟沙星对5种病原菌都具有很强的抗菌活性;头孢噻呋与氧氟沙星联合使用时,对大肠杆菌、沙门菌、链球菌可产生协同作用,对溶血性巴氏杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌表现为无关作用;头孢噻呋与TMP联合用药时,对上述5种病原菌均具有协同作用。对实验性感染鸡大肠杆菌病的药效学试验结果表明,头孢噻呋高（100mg／L）、中（50mg／L）剂量对感染鸡的有效率明显高于对照药物庆大霉素（P〈0．05）,极显著高于感染对照组（P〈0．01）;头孢噻呋高剂量组（100mg／L）感染鸡的增重率与健康对照组相比差异不显著（P〉0．05）。建议临床应用头孢噻呋治疗鸡大肠杆菌病时,可采用饮水给药,剂量为100mg／L。     

阿莫西林、舒巴坦联用对鸭实验性大肠杆菌病的疗效试验

用试管两倍稀释法测定了阿莫西林、阿莫西林与舒巴坦联合对大肠杆菌的体外抗菌活性,并观察阿莫西林与舒巴坦联合治疗耐阿莫西林大肠杆菌诱发的鸭大肠杆菌病的效果。结果表明:阿莫西林与舒巴坦联合对鸭大肠杆菌产酶菌株体外抗菌活性优于阿莫西林,表现为明显的体外协同作用。阿莫西林与舒巴坦联用治疗耐阿莫西林大肠杆菌诱发的鸭大肠杆菌病,按10mg/kg体重(以阿莫西林量计算)肌肉注射,阿莫西林与舒巴坦联用1∶1和2∶1的有效率、治愈率分别为92.5%、92.5%和85%、80%,均显著高于感染对照组、阿莫西林饮水组及阿莫西林肌肉注射组(P<0.01)。     

沙拉沙星对实验性感染猪链球菌病及大肠杆菌病的药效学

为兽医临床合理应用沙拉星（Ｓarafloxacin）提供理论依据,就其对实验性感染猪链球菌 病及大肠杆菌病的药效学进行了研究。以试管２倍稀释法测得沙拉沙星对兰氏Ｃ群类马链球菌（Ｃ５５１２０）和猪大肠杆菌（Ｏ５５）的最小抑菌浓度（ＭＩＣ）分别是０．８mg/Ｌ及０．０５mg/Ｌ。肌注给药对猪链球菌病和大肠杆菌病的试验性治疗结果不明,低、中 高剂量沙拉沙星组２．５、５、１０mg/kg）及环丙沙星组（５mg/kg）用药５d（每隔１２     

恩诺沙星对鸡大肠杆菌病及葡萄球菌病的药效研究

就畜禽专用氟喹诺酮类抗菌药恩诺沙星对鸡人工感染大肠杆菌病及葡萄球菌病的药效进行了研究。结果表明，恩诺沙星、氯霉素对大肠杆菌Ｏ７８的ＭＩＣ分别为０．０５、１．６０ｍｇ／Ｌ；恩诺沙星、红霉素对金黄色葡萄球菌Ｃ５６０５株的ＭＩＣ分别为０．２、３．２ｍｇ／Ｌ。人工发病试验中，恩诺沙星内服以５、１０、２０ｍｇ／ｋｇ剂量或肌注以２．５、５、１０ｍｇ／ｋｇ剂量，每天给药２次，连用３ｄ，对鸡大肠杆菌病及葡萄球菌病均有较好的疗效，其中对大肠杆菌病的疗效明显优于氯霉素     

呼舒对鸡大肠杆菌和霉形体混合感染的药效试验

采用试管两倍稀释法测定制剂呼舒及对照药恩诺沙星对大肠杆菌O2及鸡败血霉形体S6毒株的体外抗菌活性。结果表明呼舒和恩诺沙星对大肠杆菌O2的MIC值分别为0.0625μg/ml和0.25μg/ml，对鸡败血霉形体S6的MIC值分别为0.03μg/ml和0.12μg/ml，二者相比，呼舒较恩诺沙星的体外抗菌活性强。呼舒对人工感染大肠杆菌和霉形体混合感染有较好的疗效，可显著降低病鸡的死亡率、气囊病变率和抗体反应阳性率，提高增重，且疗效优于恩诺沙星。     

氟苯尼考粉对鸡金黄色葡萄球菌病的疗效试验

氟苯尼考(Florphenicol，又名氟甲砜霉素，是一种新型兽医专用氯霉素类抗菌药物，其抗菌谱广，吸收好，安全，对敏感菌所致的禽畜细菌性疾病治疗效果显著。氟苯尼考对耐氯霉素及甲砜霉素的细菌仍然敏感，如金黄色葡萄球菌，大肠埃希氏菌、多杀性巴氏杆菌、奇异变形杆菌、胸膜肺炎放线杆菌与伤寒沙门氏菌等，而且氟苯尼考无氯霉素的再生障碍性贫血的不良反应，     

白头翁散不同处理方法对鸡大肠杆菌病疗效观察

考察白头翁散不同剂量普通散剂、超微粉和添加纤维素酶后对鸡大肠杆菌病的疗效。结果表明,白头翁散经超微粉碎后,疗效显著增强,而添加纤维素酶后,白头翁散的疗效没有明显变化。     

Prophylactic effect of monensin sodium against experimentally induced paratuberculosis in mice.

Monensin sodium (0, 15, or 30 mg/kg of complete feed) was fed ad libitum for 1 week to female mice (strain C57BL6/J) that were genetically susceptible to infection with Mycobacterium paratuberculosis. Ten mice in each of the 3 groups were inoculated intraperitoneally with M paratuberculosis (10(9) organisms). Sterile saline solution was injected intraperitoneally into 10 other mice in each group. Rations were continued for 50 days, then mice were euthanatized, and body weight, splenic weight, and hepatic weight for each mouse were recorded. Ratios of body weight to splenic weight and of body weight to hepatic weight were calculated for each mouse. Hepatic granulomas in 50 light microscopic fields were counted, and presence of acid-fast organisms in those granulomas was recorded. Infected mice given monensin had higher body weight and fewer hepatic granulomas than did mice not given monensin. Although hepatic granulomas were fewer in these mice, they contained acid-fast organisms. Effects of 15 mg of monensin and those of 30 mg of monensin/kg of complete feed were not different.     

Heterophil function in healthy chickens and in chickens with experimentally induced staphylococcal tenosynovitis.

Heterophil function was evaluated in 16 healthy chickens and in 46 chickens with experimentally induced staphylococcal tenosynovitis. In paired blood samples, heterophils from chickens with tenosynovitis had a significant increase in adherence, chemotaxis, phagocytosis, and bacterial killing of Staphylococcus aureus compared to heterophils from healthy chickens. The percent adherence of heterophils to nylon fiber columns increased significantly from a 78.4% mean +/- 6.6% standard deviation to 87.6% +/- 3.2% after induction of staphylococcal tenosynovitis. Heterophil movement following in vitro exposure to saline or endotoxin was increased in chickens with tenosynovitis; 3 +/- 1 heterophils/0.25 mm2 to 10 +/- 6 heterophils/0.25 mm2 and 136 +/- 29 heterophils/0.25 mm2 to 340 +/- 74 heterophils/0.25 mm2, respectively. Endotoxin-activated serum was chemoattractive for heterophils from all chickens. Flow cytometry was used to define the heterophil population on light scatter histograms, evaluate individual cell phagocytosis of latex beads, and quantitate the number of beads phagocytosed per heterophil. When incubated with increased numbers of beads, only heterophils from chickens with tenosynovitis phagocytosed higher numbers of beads. At heterophil to bead ratios of 1:10, the percentage of heterophils that phagocytosed beads increased from baseline values of 37.8% +/- 9.0% to post-infection values of 67.3% +/- 7.5%. Using 1:20 heterophil to bead ratios, heterophil phagocytosis increased from 38.7% +/- 9.9% to post-infection values of 79.8% +/- 7.3%. Heterophils from all chickens were able to phagocytose and kill log phase staphylococcal bacteria. After phagocytosis, the heterophils from chickens with staphylococcal tenosynovitis rapidly decreased the number of viable bacterial colony forming-units per milliliter by approximately one log.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

复方白头翁散对鸡大肠杆菌病的疗效

鸡的大肠杆菌病是阻碍养鸡业发展的重要疾病之一。为了探讨防治该病的新途径 ,提高治愈率 ,笔者研究出复方白头翁散防治鸡大肠杆菌病 ,经试验和初步推广应用 ,均取得较好效果 ,报告如下。1　材料与方法1 .1　药物　复方白头翁散由白头翁 1 5 0 g、秦皮 90g、诃子 60 g、乌梅 1 0 0 g、白芍 1 0 0 g、黄连 1 0 0 g、大黄 90 g、黄柏 1 2 0 g、甘草 90 g、云苓 1 0 g组成 ,按一定比例粉碎后过 1 0 0目筛 ,分装成 5 0 0 g、1 0 0 0 g袋中封口备用 ;对照药物 -诺氟沙星 2 .5 % ,系河北省生化发展有限公司生产 ,规格 5 0 g/袋 ,批文冀兽药字 ( 1 …     

In vitro antimicrobial activity of nitrofurantoin against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus pseudintermedius isolated from dogs and cats

Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of nitrofurantoin were determined by agar dilution in 269 canine and feline isolates of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus pseudintermedius, two of the most common bacterial species associated with urinary tract infection (UTI) in small animals. The MIC90 for E. coli and S. pseudintermedius were 32 and 16 μg/ml, respectively. All isolates, including multidrug-resistant strains of known genetic background, displayed MICs below the drug concentrations reported in canine urine following oral administration of nitrofurantoin. Preliminary data on mutant prevention concentration (MPC) and many years of nitrofurantoin usage in human medicine suggest that emergence of resistant mutants during treatment is not a critical issue for this drug. The study provides species-specific data on nitrofurantoin MIC distribution that can be used for setting dog- and cat-specific breakpoints. Although nitrofurantoin is not an appropriate first-line agent for empirical treatment of canine UTI due to toxicity and poor pharmacokinetic properties, it may be indicated for treatment of UTI caused by multidrug-resistant bacteria, which are otherwise difficult to treat using conventional veterinary antimicrobial agents.