白林二号杨

白林二号杨在1980年育成后，20a来在我省的不同地区以及邻近省（区）不同气候土壤条件下，相继试验栽培后，取得了可喜的进展，随着时间的推移，表明它耐寒耐干旱、抗烂皮病、速生和适应性强，在不同立地条件下，在7-20a生时，平均每年每公顷比白城小黑杨或北京场增产立木蓄积6.25(1/73-13.00)m^3，相当于白城小黑杨或北京杨的210（160-333）%，增产幅度很大。     

抗黄斑星天牛杨树品种选择研究

针对黄斑星天牛对杨树人工林造成的严重危害，通过引进46个品（系）的对比筛选，最终选择出了陕林3号等6个抗天牛杨树品种，并在平凉市泾河川区进行了造林示范。为西北地区天牛危害区杨树品种更替提供了可靠依据。     

南抗杨、常绿杨对云斑天牛抗性的初步研究

通过人工接种天牛成虫试验和相关抗性指标的测定与分析，结果表明，接种成虫在I－69、I－72杨上的栖息时间较长，而且刻槽、产卵数均较其在南抗杨、常绿杨上多；抗性生理指标测定结果表明，相同立地条件下，几个测定树种（两年生健壮植株）树皮的含水量，南抗杨＜常绿杨＜I－72杨＜I－69杨，这与树种抗虫性强弱相一致；树皮细胞膜透性：刺槐＜常绿杨＜南抗杨＜I－69杨＜I－72杨；树皮内酚类物质含量；：南抗杨、常绿杨、I－69杨、I－72杨依次降低。室内试验结果与试验地（歌乐山、荣昌、双桥）调查的云斑天牛危害各参试树种的结果相一致，即南抗杨对天牛的抗性较强，常绿杨次之，I－69，I－72杨对天牛的抗性较弱。     

激励信号对山杨木材电阻测量的影响

木材电阻测量在含水率检测和立木腐朽检测等方面具有重要意义。为分析激励信号对木材电阻测量的影响,以含水山杨试件为研究对象,在实验室使用不同电流种类、电压、波形和频率的激励信号进行电阻测量试验,并对电阻测量值进行方差分析和回归处理。结果表明,电流种类对木材电阻测量有显著影响,木材的直流电阻比交流电阻高。直流信号的电压对电阻有影响,电阻随直流电压升高而减小。交流信号的电压和波形对木材电阻的影响都不显著,但频率的影响则是显著的,木材电阻随频率升高而下降。在实验室条件下,1 000 Hz左右的交流信号比较适合作为木材电阻测量的激励信号。     

滇杨与美洲黑杨派间杂交育种试验初报

本研究以青杨派中的滇杨为母本,黑杨派中的美洲黑杨为父本,采用人工切枝水培杂交技术进行了滇杨×美洲黑杨的杂交工作,获得了一定数量的杂种苗。今后将结合表型性状和分子标记技术对杂种苗和亲本进行遗传变异分析,探索和研究滇杨×美洲黑杨杂交育种的遗传变异规律,亲子鉴定和早期选育的遗传基础。     

一种新的非酶法分离毛白杨珠心的方法

被子植物的胚珠微小,手工分离胚珠内的珠心比较困难(胡适宜,1994).目前,人们多是借助于纤维素酶和果胶酶等的酶解技术,完成珠心、胚囊、卵细胞和合子等微小结构的人工分离(周嫦等,1982;Huang et al,1990;Kovács et al,1994;Tian et al．,1997;杨弘远等,1998;2001;Uchiumi et al．,2006).     

Drought resistance of two hybrid Populus clones grown in a large-scale plantation

Poplar hybrids were grown with irrigation in a large-scale plantation to investigate the mechanisms underlying clonal differences in drought resistance. Beginning in spring 1992, Populus trichocarpa x P. deltoides (TD) and P. deltoides x P. nigra (DN) cuttings received 46, 76, or 137 cm year(-1) of irrigation to supplement the 18-20 cm of annual precipitation, and all trees received the same fertilization regime. Stem volume, assessed as the square of stem diameter at breast height times tree height (D(2)H), and water relations of the trees were studied from the end of their second growing season until the end of their fifth growing season. By the end of the second growing season, stem volume of Clone TD was 40-146% larger than that of Clone DN, but stem volume growth was independent of irrigation in excess of 46 cm year(-1) in both clones. During the third growing season, stem volume growth of both clones was limited by both the 46- and 76-cm irrigation treatments, so that by the end of the third growing season trees in the 46-cm irrigation treatment were only half the size of trees in the 137-cm irrigation treatment. These treatment differences were maintained through the fifth growing season. Although stem volumes of Clone TD trees in the 76- and 137-cm irrigation treatments were larger than the corresponding values for Clone DN trees at the end of the third growing season (1994), these clonal differences gradually decreased in subsequent years and were not detectable after 5 years, because stem volume relative growth rate of Clone DN was greater than that of Clone TD in all treatments. Although both clones exhibited similar predawn leaf water potentials, Clone DN typically maintained higher midday leaf water potentials, suggesting better stomatal control of water loss. Clonal and treatment differences in osmotic potential at full turgor were minimal and could not explain the clonal differences in drought resistance. Root density and root density to stem volume ratio increased more in response to moderate drought in Clone DN than in Clone TD, resulting in enhanced drought resistance (high stem volume growth rate under moderate drought conditions) and an increased capacity to withdraw water from the soil. We conclude that the greater drought resistance of Clone DN compared with Clone TD was the result of the maintenance of a more favorable water balance by stomatal regulation and greater carbon allocation to roots during the early stages of drought. However, the low root density to stem volume ratio in Clone DN growing in the 46-cm irrigation treatment suggests that severe water limitation restricted the preferential allocation of carbon to belowground tissues, so that both root and shoot growth were constrained by severe drought.     

过量表达LAR3和Bbchit1以提高毛白杨对叶枯病的抗性

利用转基因技术将多种抗病基因共同转入毛白杨中以提高其抗性,从而获得毛白杨抗病新品种是目前解决杨树真菌病害的主要研究方向之一。本研究通过根癌农杆菌介导的二次遗传转化,将来源于球孢白僵菌几丁质酶基因Bbchit1转入过量表达无色花色素还原酶基因LAR3转基因毛白杨中,实时定量PCR显示Bbchit1与LAR3均能有效表达,离体抗病试验显示Bbchit1+LAR3共表达转基因毛白杨细胞粗提液对杨树叶枯病菌具有明显抑制作用,进一步将叶枯病菌接种在转基因和非转基因毛白杨叶片上培养30天,转基因植株的感病面积均低于非转基因植株且Bbchit1+LAR3共表达转基因株系抗病效果更明显。上述抗病试验结果表明:LAR3和Bbchit1在杨树中共表达可提高其对叶枯病的抗性。     

银中杨抗病虫性研究

用室内外接种及自然感病的方法，对银中杨抗烂皮病进行测定，采用系统聚类方法进行分析，结果证明银中杨为感病最轻品种，聚在第一类，并对鉴定林中　１６个品系的病情指数作方差分析，结果表明各品系间感病指数有极度显著差异。同时对银中杨及对照品种的虫害按五级分类标准进行调查并计算受害指数，结果表明银中杨是抗杨干象、白杨透翅蛾等虫害的优良树种。     

Diversity of leaf traits related to productivity in 31 Populus deltoides x Populus nigra clones

To test if some leaf parameters are predictors of productivity in a range of Populus deltoides (Bartr.) Marsh. x P. nigra L. clones, we assessed leaf traits and productivity in 2-month-old rooted cuttings from 31 clones growing in 4-l pots in a greenhouse, under conditions of controlled temperature and optimal irrigation. We evaluated four groups of variables describing (1) productivity (total biomass), (2) leaf growth (total leaf number increment and total leaf area increment rate), (3) leaf structure (specific leaf area and nitrogen and carbon contents) and (4) carbon isotope discrimination (delta), which is negatively correlated with time-integrated water-use efficiency. High-yielding clones did not necessarily display high leaf growth rates, but they displayed a larger total leaf area, lower specific leaf area and lower leaf nitrogen concentration than clones with low productivity. Total leaf area was mainly controlled by maximal individual leaf area and total leaf area increment rate (r = 0.51 and 0.56, respectively). Carbon isotope discrimination did not correlate with total biomass, but it was associated with total number of leaves and total leaf area increment rate (r = 0.39 and 0.45, respectively). Therefore, leaf area and specific leaf area were better indicators of productivity than leaf growth traits. The observed independence of delta from biomass production provides opportunities for selecting poplar clones combining high productivity and high water-use efficiency.     

钙-钙调素对中东杨扦插苗的诱导抗冻作用

以零下低温锻炼和结合效应剂（CaCl2、钙离子螯合剂EGTA、钙离子通道阻断剂LaCl3或钙调素拮抗剂CPE）处理的低温锻炼下的中东扬扦插苗为试材，对其体内丙二醛（MDA）及钙调素CaM含量，SOD、POD及线粒体Ca^2-＋ATPase活性分别进行测定。结果表明，低温锻炼不仅在一定程度下提高了幼苗CaM含量，提高了SOD、POD和Ca^2＋-ATPase活性，降低了MDA含量；而且减少了低温胁迫所引起的SOD、POD，Ca^2＋＋ATPase和CaM含量的下降程度以及MDA的增加幅度。在低温锻炼的同时。用CaCl2处理能加强低温锻炼的效果，但这种效应可被EGTA、LaCl3或CPZ处理抑制。经低温锻炼后，幼苗中的CaM含量的增加有助于SOD、POD和线粒体Ca^2＋-ATPase活性的提高，进而对幼苗抗冻性的提高有明显的促进作用。     

Mechanical properties,components and decay resistance of Populus davidiana bioincised by Coriolus versicolor

The experiment was conducted to improve the decay resistance of wood by increasing the wood preservatives uptake and penetration depth by bioincising with Coriolus versicolor. The mechanical properties of bioincised Populus davidiana sapwood were measured. The changes of wood components(lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose) were analyzed by FTIR. The staining treatment using potassium permanganate was to measure the preservatives uptake and penetration depth in wood specimens. The decay resistance of bioincised specimens impregnated with IPBC and CA was assessed against C.versicolor and Gloeophyllum trabeum using bioincised P.davidiana sapwood and untreated controls. The results showed that the mechanical properties of the bioincised specimens were changed with the incubation time and mass loss. The mechanical strength was decreased after 17 days compared to that of the specimens bioincised 13 days.The bioincised specimens demonstrated the deeper penetration depth than the un-bioincised specimens. It was significant correlation(P 0.01) between penetrationdepth and incubation time. The average value of the penetration depth of the bioincised specimens was deeper than the control groups by 158.7%. By FTIR analysis, the biodegradation ability of C. versicolor to decay cellulose and hemicellulose was weaker than that of lignin. The bioincising treatment significantly increased the wood uptake of IPBC and CA, and reached the maximum uptake value at 17 and 13 days, respectively. Summarily, the bioincising pretreatment can obviously improve the wood decay resistance against C. versicolor and G. trabeum following by introducing the IPBC and CA.     

意杨丰产林病虫害调查及其防治研究

意杨是睢宁县的重要用材树种.但目前病虫害日益增多.作者从1986年起,开展了主要病虫害的调查和防治试验.结果认为桑天牛、白杨透翅蛾、白杨舟蛾、杨树腐烂病是睢宁县意杨最重大的病虫害.文内还具体地论述了这些病虫害的危害症状、生物学特性、天敌及其防治方法.     

单倍体小黑杨抗生素敏感试验

4种抗生素对单倍体小黑杨叶片愈伤组织的诱导及丛生芽形成影响的研究结果表明：哈尔滨制药总厂和上海制药四厂生产的头孢唑啉钠可为首选，各浓度梯度(250，500，750，1000，1250mg／L)对分化无明显抑制，甚至对分化还有一定的促进作用；鼎国公司生产的头孢唑啉钠对分化的抑制较大，其分化率随浓度梯度的上升而下降。而且长势差，分化较慢；卡那霉素的选择作用表现得很明显，浓度在15mg／L时，叶片分化，20mg／L时则不分化。所以在选择抗生素时，浓度以大于20mg／L为宜。     

美国火炬松优良家系对三种叶斑病的抗性的初步评价

从美国引进1批火炬松1代种子园优良家系，在福建洋口林场和南屿林场种植4a，评价各家系在自然情况下对松针褐斑病Lecanosticta acicola、松赤枯病Pestalotiopsis furnrea和松落针病Lophodermium pinastri的抗病性。评价结果显示，多数家系对赤枯病和落针病有不同程度感病性，而大多对褐斑病有一定抗性。综合评价对3种病害的抗性，以来自美国亚拉巴马州的AL-8和MG—3家系表现较好；分别来自我国广东仙菊和福建五一林场的对照湿地松和马尾松家系表现最好。     

Response of Populus x canescens （Populus tremula x alba） to high concentration of NaCl stress

Introduction Salinity is a major factor in inhibiting plant growth and decreasing forest productivity. Up to 1997, the total area affected by salinity in the world had amounted to 930 million hm2 (FAO), and is still increasing. A global study of land use …     

毛白杨、银白杨嫁接育苗造林技术探讨

采用泰青杨和合作杨作砧木,进行毛白杨、银白杨育苗和造林试验。结果表明,用泰青杨作砧木,嫁接繁育毛白杨、银白杨,是培育毛白杨等较难生根杨树树种苗木的有效途径,并可提高育苗质量和造林成活率。     

胡杨幼苗黑星病初步研究

对发生于新疆吉木萨尔是胡杨上的黑星病进行了调查研究，经鉴定该病是由山杨黑星孢菌[(Fusicladium tremulas (Fr.)Aderh]引起。病害的发病程度与品种有关，不同胡杨品种的感病程度依次为：胡杂1号＞胡杂3号＞胡杂4号＞胡杂2号＞胡杂5号；苗高、地径及叶甲数量与感病指数之间无显著相关性。     

A Review of Fine Root Dynamics in Populus Plantations

Production of native and hybridized varieties of Populus has received considerable interest in temperate regions as an alternative to agricultural crops and an additional wood source, while acting as a potential carbon (C) sink to offset emissions of fossil fuel-based greenhouse gases. Research of root system dynamics in Populus species is expanding, however, our understanding of the nature and role of fine roots (FR) is incomplete. The study objective, therefore, was to review the literature regarding FR production, mortality and longevity in Populus, and evaluate the magnitude and significance of the FR fraction to C sequestration. FRs, conventionally defined as less than 2 mm in diameter and responsible for water and nutrient uptake, are an essential component of the tree. Populus FRs are relatively short-lived, with reported lifespans ranging from 30 to 300 days, depending on root diameter, tree species and age, and soil environmental factors. Standing FR biomass fluctuates throughout the growing season. Fine root production generally peaks in mid-summer, and ranges between 1.0 and 5.0 mg ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹, while FR mortality has less seasonal amplitude. Production and mortality dynamics in Populus are highly plastic in response to soil environmental conditions, and although opposing conclusions have been proposed, research suggests soil moisture and nitrogen to be most important. Results from the literature indicate annual FR turnover to the soil C pool may be small (0.2–1.6 mg C ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹), but substantial in maintaining or enhancing C levels in natural and managed stands of Populus.     

黑杨人工杂交亲和性试验

以L35、1107、中林46杨等5个欧美杨无性系和T26、T66、中菏1号等9个美洲黑杨无性系为亲本，组成38个杂交组合,分别进行室内人工切枝水培杂交试验，对无性系之间的杂交亲和性进行了观察。结果表明：黑杨派无性系间在杂交亲和性方面存在明显差异，母本对杂交亲和性有明显的影响；美洲黑杨无性系之间进行的杂交，有较高的亲和性；欧美杨无性系之间以及欧美杨与美洲黑杨无性系之间进行的杂交，亲和性较差；美洲黑杨与欧美杨无性系之间的杂交亲和性介于前二者之间。