Solutions to the Construction of Rural Spaces in China Based on Its Problems

Rural spaces in China have witnessed various problems,such as excessive village merging,urbanization of rural image,and loss of history,culture regional characteristics.Village merging in western Europe brought it severe lessons,but in the processing of its rural spaces,the locals respected the nature,manifested regional characteristics,respected the history,which is a valuable enlightenment for China to promote the overall optimization of rural space construction.     

Spatial Interpretation of the Wooden Arch Gallery Bridges in Northeast Fujian from the Perspective of Behavior Space

On the basis of investigating wooden arch gallery bridges in China,perspectives of researchers studying wooden arch gallery bridges in northeast Fujian Province were reviewed,and the innovativeness of researches from the perspectives of cultural geography and significance of wooden arch gallery bridge for the locals’behaviors was proposed.Youxi Village in Qinyang Town,Shouning County,known as the Village of Gallery Bridge,was taken for example to analyze physical,spiritual and social properties of its wooden arch gallery bridge spaces.Wooden arch gallery bridge is an effective boundary point of settlement space,constituting natural ecological spaces and man-made physical spaces of rural settlements.And as a type of building space,wooden arch gallery bridge expands settlement spaces,contributes to settlement cultures,and enriches spiritual connotations of regional cultures.In northeast Fujian,wooden arch gallery bridge is an important social space for the locals’daily life by carrying on living,production and spiritual functions.     

Study on the Integration and Optimization of Campus Spaces: A Case Study of Yaohu Campus of Jiangxi Normal University

In view of the problems brought by blind expansion of campus, such as lack of public spaces, oversized spaces, and improper traffic designs, this paper took Yaohu Campus of Jiangxi Normal University for example, proposed the methods for integrating and optimizing campus spaces, such as establishing artistic conception of campus space, improving campus traffic organization, creating and improving the external communication spaces, on the basis of analyzing evolution history of campus spaces.     

Study on Spatial Structure of Traditional Villages from the Perspective of Clanism

"China's deep-rooted family culture and the resulting family spirit is one of the basic characteristics of Chinese society that differs from western society," said by Chinese sociologist Fei Xiaotong. German sociologist Max Weber defi nes Chinese society as "family structure society"[1]. And sociologist Fei Zhengqing believes that the villages in China are organized by families. In sociological studies, the traditional villages are divided into three types: single-clan villages with only one dominating family, main-clan villages which are mainly composed of several families, and multi-clan villages where some coequal families live together[2]. The authors believe that traditional villages are organized social communities with kinship as a link. They are products of the family system. There is a close connection between a village's family composition and its space construction. Single-clan village is an introverted spatial organization mode entirely based on kinship, ancestral hall is located in the center and the whole spatial structure grows toward it. Main-clan village is a decentralized family aggregate based on the ties of blood as well as region. And the organization of its village space depends on temples and pavilions where families enshrine and worship ancestors and gods. It owns obvious features of collage and collaboration. M ulticlan village is a collaborative and extroverted complex spatial system led by relationship of colleagues, where large public buildings are taken as the core to organize commercial activities. Its form is similar to the form of small towns. Taking sociological term "family" as the starting point and cases of national historic cultural villages including Hong Village, Zhuge Village, Zoumatang Village, Suzhuang Village and Guoyu Village into further study, this article analyses the correlation between kinship composition and spatial form of villages, tries to reveal the essential structure of traditional space of villages and to provide a new perspective on spatial study as well as basis for preservation of traditional villages.     

Status Quo of Maker Spaces in Main Urban Area of Chengdu

This paper, based on the literature review and field investigation, studied the status quo of maker spaces in main urban district of Chengdu at a time when the development of the maker spaces has received strong support from national and local governments. In addition to introducing the related concepts and policy support of the maker space, it summarized its distribution characteristics, audience characteristics, and status quo as well as problems and presented the direction for the development of the maker space in main urban area of Chengdu grounded on a survey of the status quo of national maker spaces in main urban area of Chengdu.     

城市开放空间水景设计之市民偏好研究

针对成都市城市开放空间中的水景设计问题,从市民的角度出发,采用问卷调查法和行为观察法相结合,调查不同性别、年龄、教育水平、职业的市民对社区公园、城市广场和居民区等3类城市开放空间中水景设计的偏好。结果表明,市民对水的审美特征、表现形式、运动方式、人水关系的偏好与其总体特征、游玩目的有直接关系,水的体验设计与文化主题性设计具有提升城市开放空间水景设计吸引力和增强市民归属感的作用。     

Rebuilding of Traditional Riparian Spaces in Jiangnan:A Case Study of Conceptual Planning of Didang North Park in Shaoxing

Large-scale living spaces characterized with localization,nature,and vitality in Jiangnan area(Jiangnan refers to the southern regions of the Yangtze River) are gradually disappearing because of the extensive urbanization and modernization. In this paper,the suitable design method of riparian space is explored based on morphological features,composition principle,and spatial form of Jiangnan area,as well as the design philosophy of modern buildings. Besides,the conceptual planning of Didang Lake North Park in Shaoxing City is taken as a case study.     

Merging Traditional Dwelling Form into Modern Neighborhood—— A Holiday Villa District's Planning and Design in Shanghai

Taking a holiday villa district for example, this paper explored the ways of merging traditional dwelling form into modern neighborhood, in the planning and design of this villa district, external space designs of traditional villages were borrowed to stress the construction of traditional spaces, and the layout of road traffi c. It was elaborated that in the design of Chinese residential buildings, not only should Chinese style be applied in the facade design of dwellings, but also traditional dwelling forms should be merged with modern life, so the essence of traditional resident culture can be demonstrated in modern residential areas.     

Optimality Conditions for Vector Optimization of Set-valued Maps

Kuhn Tucker optimality conditions and Lagrange multipliers for vector optimization problems with subconvexlike set valued maps wereestablished by Li zemin. Firstly, the concept of generalized subconvexlikeness for set valued maps is introduced in this paper. Then, a theorem of the alternative for generalized subconvexlike set valued maps in real linear spaces is established. Finally, the optimality conditions for vector optimization problems with set valued maps with equality and inequality constraints are obtained with it.     

关于加快城乡融合发展推动乡村建设的思考

现阶段中国总体处于城镇化快速发展阶段,工农互促,城乡互补。但城乡收入和消费差距仍然较为悬殊,全员劳动生产率差距很大,农村基础设施依然薄弱,农村社会保障水平偏低。随着城镇化发展,一些村庄融入城镇,劳动力大量外出,一些村庄出现了空心化、老龄化问题,同时,随着重大工程实施等,一些村庄也出现了搬迁撤并等新的情况与问题。在乡村振兴的背景下,本研究结合欧洲乡村建设发展的情况和特点,针对国内乡村建设存在的问题,提出了统筹城乡发展空间,做有特色的乡村建设规划,培育新型农业经营主体,融合发展保持乡村活力等一些新的思考与建议。     

城市公园灰空间研究——以哈尔滨太阳岛公园为例

"灰空间"作为一个建筑概念被提出,主要指连接室内外的过渡空间。近年来,灰空间也逐渐被应用到园林领域。基于建筑和园林灰空间的研究,提出了城市公园灰空间的定义,确定了其属性、形态、密度和类型,并以哈尔滨太阳岛公园内12处灰空间为研究对象,按形态将其分为4类,结合属性、密度、类型3个方面进行实例分析,以期通过分析对未来城市公园的设计起到积极的作用。     

Pattern Change of Urban Green Space in Beijing from 2000 to 2010

With the rapid urbanization in Beijing, the vegetated surfaces have been increasingly replaced by impervious built surfaces. A clear recognition on the changes in green spaces pattern is vital for urban administrators and planners to optimize the urban development areas and define the ecological protection red lines. Based on the SPOT images and field investigation data of urban green spaces within the sixth ring road of Beijing in 2000, 2005 and 2010, the study investigated the dynamic changes of urban green spaces in this area, by means of GIS techniques and landscape ecology methods. The results indicated that green spaces in Beijing have decreased by 207 km2 from 2000 to 2010 at the expense of agricultural lands and waters. Although there has been some increases in urban forests and grasslands, it cannot compensate the rapid decrease of urban green spaces. The land cover types conversion occurred mainly in the areas between the fifth and sixth ring roads while the zones encircled by the fourth ring road had a little change. In addition, landscape metrics such as number of patches(NP) and shape index(SHAPE) increased, but the mean nearest-neighbor distance(MNN), aggregation index(AI) and patch cohesion index(COHESION) decreased during the period of 2000-2010. Also green landscapes became considerably isolated and fragmented. The study disclosed the obvious changes of green space size, composition and layout in urban districts of Beijing City from 2000 to 2010, and highlighted that construction of urban green space should consider not only the geometric or aesthetic effect, but also the increase of vertical green volume and optimization of spatial layout to fully develop the ecological service functions of green spaces.     

Spatial Evolution of Tourism-Oriented Rural Residential Space: A Case Study of Xiaochuanfangyu Village,Dongshuichang Village and Maojiayu Village in Jizhou District,Tianjin

Currently, rural residential space can't continue to meet the growing demand for tourism receptions because of the development of rural tourism, resulting in the evolution and reconstruction of residential space in rural areas. In the past decade, rural tourism has become the main driving force for industrial transformation and economic growth in rural areas of China. Taking three tourism-oriented villages in Jizhou District, Tianjin, namely Xiaochuanfangyu Village, Dongshuichang Village and Maojiayu Village, as the objects of the research, this paper analyzed the influence of rural tourism on the evolution of rural residential space from the perspectives of the spatial pattern and architectural style at the microscopic scale.     

西南地区乡村衰落具体表现及诱发问题研究

为研究乡村衰落问题,以重庆3个村庄为研究对象,采用案例分析的方法对西南山区乡村衰落进行研究。调研发现,受地理地貌、生产条件、居住方式等条件制约,西南地区乡村衰落的现象与问题更加突出,表现出人口大量外流、耕地撂荒增加、农房闲置率提高、务农人员老龄化、农民务农意不高、农业经营收入占家庭收入比重下降、义务教育外移、村自治组织弱化等多重现象,并诱发了严重的乡村养老问题、农业产业发展问题、乡村治理问题和乡土文明断裂问题。研究提出,推进乡村振兴,应充分考虑地区差异,因地施策;应重视乡土文化和乡村养老问题;应激活农村资源,丰富农业形态,兴旺农村经济。     

Barrier-free Design of Public Rental Housing

With the aging of society,special groups have had increasing needs of integrating into social life,and higher requirements on life quality,and the society has attached increasing importance to barrier-free design.Taking public rental housing for example,both circulation space and furniture design have to fully consider needs of special groups such as the seniors and the disabled.Barrier-free design in living spaces can help improve their ability of self-care,reduce their dependence on family members,fully demonstrate the"human-centered"design concept of public rental housing,and show the designers’sense of social responsibility.     

Renovation of Traditional Water Villages in Jiangnan:A Case Study of Renovation Planning of Wenchang Village

The rapid urbanization and new rural construction have being exerted serious impact on the renovation and protection of traditional water villages in Jiangnan area(the southern regions of the Yangtze River). More and more distinctive villages are losing their historical background and regional architectural culture in modern society. Taking the renovation planning of Wenchang village as a case study, its function structure and land use are determined by the theory of "three layers of HSR(high-speed rail) station" after deep mining its history and culture. Then, the design method of rebuilding characteristic space in traditional villagesaiming at finding a proper way to handle the relationship between development and protection of traditional villagesis investigated from the perspective of natural landscape, spatial form and architectural features.     

Friendly Neighborhood Boundary Space Design

Residential area mode of China originates from "neighborhood unit" and "unit compound", they are isolated from the city and known as "islet" and "fragment". The isolation of residence from city breaks the urban structure, increases scale of blocks, and aggravates urban traffic and other problems. In view of this, it is imperative to explore the ways of designing "friendly neighborhood boundary spaces" between residential areas and the city, for example, by extending urban street spaces inward, opening boundary spaces of residential quarters to the city, constructing a boundary space network of residential areas harmoniously integrated into street life.     

北京沟域经济发展中特色民俗村的规划设计

在北京山区沟域经济发展的过程中,特色民俗村建设是整个产业链条中的重点之一,随着沟域经济的进一步发展和消费者需求的不断变化,北京山区部分民俗村已不能适应当前的发展形势,应重新规划设计和升级改造。笔者根据北京山区民俗村建设的问题和发展趋势,提出北京山区特色民俗村规划设计要点,分析了北京市怀柔区“夜渤海”沟域3个村庄节点的升级改造规划案例。笔者认为在民俗村建设中应丰富投资主体、加强基础设施建设,重视景观设计、整体规划与包装,融入文化元素、突出区域特色,更新经营理念、提高经营水平;应通过民俗村整体形象设计、个性化农家院形象设计、民俗旅游产品的开发与设计提升民俗村的档次和水平。     

Urban Morphology of Urban Village: A Case Study of Dafen Oil Painting Village in Shenzhen

Dafen Oil Painting Village, the largest oil painting village in current China, takes cultural industries like creation and wholesale of oil paintings as the pillar. As one of the urban villages in Shenzhen, Dafen Village not only has the common characteristics of urban morphology as ordinary urban villages, but also has something unique. In this paper, study of the urban morphology of Dafen Oil Painting Village is mainly from 3 aspects: firstly, the formation of street space in Dafen Village; secondly, analysis of the status of urban morphology of Dafen Village; thirdly, the plane layout and public space of Dafen Village. In the end, this paper put forward some suggestions about the future development of urban morphology and space layout in Dafen Village.     

Design of Public Communication Spaces in Urban Highrises:A Case Study of Xuzhou Hanbang Square Residential Area

Highrise residences with high plot ratio meet housing needs of urban residents, improve living conditions of residents, but also show many unreasonable problems in the design of public communication spaces with a result of interpersonal indifference and lack of sense of identity. This paper took Xuzhou Hanbang Square for example to explore strategies of improving public communication spaces in highrises from the perspectives of entrance lobby, open-floor ground design, ecological garage, and three-level property management. On the one hand, the paper tries to improve quality of residential environment and service quality of public facilities; on the other hand, to enhance sense of neighborhood and identity of residents, and change the current interpersonal indifference.