大棚蔬菜病害的理想药剂“棚茵灵”

<正> 棚菌灵是大庆农科所生产、东北农学院监制的烟雾剂农药,对温室和大棚蔬菜具有予防和治疗作用,使用方便、经济高效,对人安全无害。棚菌灵可防治黄瓜霜霉病、白粉病、炭疽病、黑星病,番茄疫病、叶霉病、灰霉病、叶果斑点病等多种病害。     

大叶黄杨白粉病综合防治技术研究

[目的]有效控制大叶黄杨白粉病的危害.[方法]于2010年进行了室内和田间药效试验,对大叶黄杨白粉病综合防治技术进行了研究.[结果]结果表明,15％三唑酮WP2 000倍液、25％烯唑醇2 000倍液、45％晶体石硫合剂200倍液对大叶黄杨白粉病有较好的防治效果,可作为生产防治用药,也可作为其他药剂的替代或轮换药剂.[结论]研究结果为大叶黄杨白粉病的有效防治提供了参考依据.     

云南宾川亚麻生产技术系列报道之七:纤用型亚麻白粉病综合防治技术初报

本文描述了亚麻白粉病田间症状,分析出本区亚麻白粉病发生条件,并研究出亚麻白粉病综合防治技术.     

云南宾川亚麻生产技术系列报道之七:纤用型亚麻白粉病综合防治技术初报

本文描述了亚麻白粉病田间症状,分析出本区亚麻白粉病发生条件,并研究出亚麻白粉病综合防治技术。     

纤用型亚麻白粉病综合防治技术初报

本文描述了亚麻白粉病田间症状，分析出本区亚麻白粉病发生条件，并研究出亚麻白粉病综合防治技术。     

亚麻白粉病发生特点及防治技术研究

本文叙述了亚麻白粉病的发生、发展、危害、病原茵侵染规律及病害综合防治措施,明确了该病的发生与品种抗性、耕作栽培及气象因素等诸方面的关系,明确了种子带茵是该病害主要侵染源和传播途径,为综合防治亚麻白粉病提供了理论依据.     

盐城市小麦白粉病发生特点与防治对策

小麦白粉病在江苏盐城麦区发生程度逐年加重,且已呈现常发态势。2015年本地小麦白粉病的发生特点,从小麦品种、气候条件、栽培方式等方面分析了重发原因,并提出了适时适量播种小麦,选用抗病品种,应用新型高效药剂以及采用"预防为主,抓小治早"的防治对策,以期为小麦白粉病的防治提供技术支持。     

889防治芒果炭疽病,橡胶白粉病试验初报

用８８９防治芒果炭疽病，橡胶白粉病的初步试验结果表明，８８９对芒果炭疽病，橡胶白粉病均有一定的防治效果，有可能成为防治芒果炭疽病和橡胶白粉病的新农药。     

丙环唑乳油防治小麦白粉病田间药效试验报告

25%丙环唑乳油对小麦白粉病的防治试验结果表明:25%丙环唑乳油对小麦白粉病的防治效果较好,有效控制了白粉病危害。1试验目的为了验证25%丙环唑乳油对小麦白粉病的药效,确定最佳使用剂量、使用效果及其对小麦的安全性,我们进行了田间小区药效试验。2试验作物及对象2·1试验作物     

龙溪地区橡胶白粉病防治工作会议在云肖召开

为了认真贯彻农牧渔业部新颁发的橡胶树植物保护技术试行规程,交流1982年橡胶白粉病防治经验,研究布署1983年植保科研的协作计划,龙溪地区农垦局于3月13日至16日在云肖县召开全区橡胶白粉病防治工作会议.有关县农业局橡胶站、植胶农场、省农业厅经作处、省热作所,以及晋江、厦门地区等单位的科技人员和测报员共46人参加.会上,诏安橡胶站等四个单位介绍了胶树白粉病的防治经验,同时对如何因地制宜贯     

Effect of bacteria isolates in powdery mildew control in flowering dogwoods (Cornus florida L.)

Five bacterial isolates collected from dogwood leaves were evaluated for powdery mildew control in shadehouse and greenhouse environments by using foliar sprays and/or root drenching. Two isolates displayed superior bioactivity and suppressed powdery mildew similar to conventional fungicide thiophanate methyl (Cleary’s 3336F^®). The two bacteria disrupted powdery mildew spore germination and ruptured spore membranes causing spore lyses. Bacterial filtrates without bacterial cells were also effective in suppressing powdery mildew and disrupting spore germination and suggested the involvement of secondary metabolites. The two biocontrol agents (BCAs) colonized roots endophytically and promoted plant growth.     

牛蒡寡糖诱导对小麦白粉病抗性的影响

为探讨小麦白粉病的防治新途径,采用不同浓度的牛蒡寡糖(BOS)(0.5～20.0 g/L)溶液处理小麦幼苗,分析其感染白粉病菌后病情指数、苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL) 、过氧化物酶(POD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT) 活性的变化.结果表明,随着BOS溶液浓度的升高,小麦幼苗的病情指数越来越低,对白粉病的抗性越来越强,在BOS浓度达到10.0 g/L时,抗性最好.BOS处理后的小麦幼苗叶片PAL、POD和CAT活性均高于对照,且在一定浓度范围内酶活性随着BOS浓度的增加而升高.PAL的活性在BOS处理浓度为5.0 g/L时达到最大,而POD和CAT活性在10.0 g/L时出现峰值.说明适宜浓度的牛蒡寡糖诱导可以提高小麦幼苗内部相关防御酶的活性,进而增强其白粉病抗性.     

Local and systemic control of powdery mildew (Leveillula taurica) on pepper plants by foliar spray of mono-potassium phosphate

A foliar spray of 1% (w/v) solution of the fertilizer mono-potassium phosphate (MKP) (KH₂PO₄) on the upper surfaces of lower leaves of greenhouse-grown peppers induced local and systemic control against Leveillula taurica, as compared with control plants. This protection was expressed by a reduction in the leaf area covered with sporulating colonies and in conidial production on leaf tissue, 24 or 48 h post-treatment, when MKP was applied on lower leaves of plants that had been exposed to the source of inoculum. Foliar application of MKP, initiated before or after exposure to heavily diseased plants as the source of inoculum, was effective in controlling powdery mildew. Application of MKP efficiently suppressed powdery mildew as expressed by inhibition of the development of new sporulating colonies, as well as the conidial production of the fungus on infected tissue. Microscopic examination indicated destruction of both hyphae and conidial structures on MKP-treated leaves. The efficacy of MKP in controlling powdery mildew on greenhouse-grown plants was compared with a sterol-inhibiting systemic fungicide. Both treatments significantly inhibited powdery mildew as compared with non-treated control plants, although the fungicide-based treatment seemed to be slightly more effective (not significant) in controlling the disease. Phosphate solutions were not phytotoxic to plant tissue and did not affect the yield, as compared with the fungicide treatment. However, a lower yield was recorded for the non-treated control plots because of mildew infection on leaves. These data indicate that MKP spray may be applied as an alternative practice for the control of powdery mildew in peppers.     

陕西小麦地方品种白粉病抗性的遗传分析

为给小麦抗性育种提供更多的种质资源,通过连续三年白粉病抗性鉴定,筛选出了7份对白粉病表现高抗的陕西省小麦地方品种,它们分别为阴山小白麦、芒麦、矮秆芒麦、白葫芦、大红头、红油麦、红麦.用这7个地方品种分别与感病品种杂交,对其杂种后代进行抗病性遗传分析.结果表明,阴山小白麦、芒麦、矮秆芒麦、红油麦、红麦各含有3对隐性抗白粉病基因,白葫芦含有1对隐性抗白粉病基因,大红头含有两对显性互补抗白粉病基因.     

枯草芽孢杆菌防治草莓白粉病的田间试验

草莓白粉病是琼海草莓生产中的常发性主要病害,严重影响草莓的生产。琼海草莓种植期间低温、高湿气候情况频发,有利于草莓白粉病的发生。通过不同配方组合发现：枯草芽孢杆菌按4 050 g/hm2用量单独使用,预防草莓白粉病防效达92.09%,发病后混合化学药剂露娜森做治疗,具有防效快、持效期长等优点。     

大麦白粉病抗性的遗传分析

为给大麦抗白粉病育种提供参考依据,以1个感白粉病、4个抗白粉病大麦品种为亲本,按Griffing的双列杂交法Ⅰ配制20个杂交组合,在田间自然条件下研究了大麦白粉病抗性的遗传特性。结果表明,大麦白粉病抗性在杂交组合间存在显著差异。5个亲本中,木石港3号和CM72的一般配合力较好,均表现为较大的负向效应,能极显著提高杂种后代抗白粉病能力;S096的一般配合力中等,也表现为负向效应,能显著地提高杂种后代抗白粉病能力,因而这三个品种在大麦抗白粉病育种中利用价值较高。大麦白粉病抗性遗传符合加性显性模型,同时受加性和显性效应的作用,且加性效应更重要。大麦白粉病抗性的狭义遗传力较低,早代选择不宜太严。     

Powdery mildew of mango: A review of ecology,biology, epidemiology and management

Powdery mildew of mango, incited by the fungus Pseudoidium anacardii (F. Noack) U. Braun & R.T.A. Cook 2012 (formerly known as Oidium mangiferae Berthet), is one of the most common, widespread and serious diseases throughout the world and causes significant yield losses. Symptomatology, biology, and etiology of powdery mildew and its control through fungicides have not been widely studied, and substantial information is still required on the inoculum potential, growth models and epidemiological parameters of powdery mildew, influence of changing climate, impact of extensive use of fungicides and disease resistance. These critical factors may influence the development and emergence of diverse isolates of O. mangiferae including fungicide-resistant strains. Mango varieties differ slightly in their reaction to powdery mildew but a source of resistance has not been identified. In view of the increasing demands of mangoes in the world, control of powdery mildew is gaining importance. The present review treats briefly different aspects of powdery mildew disease with major emphasis on its ecology, pathology, epidemiology and management. Some new approaches such as biological control, integrated management strategies and some other aspects which have not been highlighted in former reviews, are also discussed.     

小麦抗白粉病基因及其分子标记研究进展

小麦白粉病是小麦生产的主要病害之一、应用抗病品种是防治该病的十分经济、有效的措施。近年来分子标记技术的发展为小麦抗白粉病基因的研究提供了极大的方便。目前为止,小麦基因组中已定名抗白粉病基因31个．其中对20个基因位点的25个抗白粉病基因进行了标记和作图。本文对小麦抗白粉病基因染色体定位、来源、评价利用及其分子标记研究现状进行了综述,并对分子标记在小麦抗病遗传育种中的应用进行了探讨。     

南农92R系列小麦种质在甘肃陇南的条锈病和白粉病抗性表现及其利用价值

为了解南农92R系列小麦种质在甘肃陇南抗条锈病和白粉病的表现及其利用价值,本研究以南农92R系列小麦种质92R137、92R178为供试材料,以铭贤169为对照小麦品种,于2009年和2018年进行苗期和成株期抗条锈病和白粉病人工接种鉴定,于1999－2019年进行条锈病和白粉病自然诱发鉴定。结果发现,人工接种鉴定试验中,两个种质在2009年对条锈菌供试小种（菌系）在苗期、成株期的反应型均为0型,抗病性表现为免疫,2018年对条锈菌供试小种（菌系）CYR32、CYR33和中4的反应型为0型,抗病性表现为免疫,对CYR34及G22-14和混合菌的反应型为3~4型,表现为中感或高感; 2009年和2018年两个种质对白粉病均保持免疫到中抗水平。自然诱发试验中,自2012年始,两个种质对条锈病的反应总体上均呈感病趋势,反应型最高为4型;但两个种质对白粉病的抗性表现稳定,一直保持免疫到中抗水平。这些结果表明,92R137和92R178在甘肃陇南已不能作为抗条锈病种质资源利用,但仍可作为抗白粉病一线资源材料利用。     

基于叶片高光谱特征的小麦白粉病严重度估算模式

为了解白粉病胁迫下小麦叶片特征并预测其危害程度,基于大田小区和温室盆栽小麦白粉病接种试验,采用高光谱仪测定受白粉病不同程度危害的冬小麦叶片光谱反射率,并分析光谱特征参数与白粉病严重度间的关系。结果表明,随着小麦白粉病病情的加重,在可见光350~700nm波段内,叶片光谱反射率增加;而在700~1050nm近红外波段内,叶片光谱反射率明显降低。400~500nm和610~690nm为光谱敏感波段,在650~680nm波段相关系数最高(r0.75)。光谱参数MCARI、PSRI、VARIgreen和AI对叶片病害严重度拟合效果较好,决定系数(R2)变化范围为0.77~0.82,标准误差为9.34~10.14。模型检验表明,小麦单叶片病害严重度超过10%时,检验结果较为理想,单叶片病害严重度低于10%时,则定量估算误差偏大,10%严重度可作为光谱法识别小麦白粉病的临界值。光谱参数MCARI和VARIgreen对小麦白粉病反应敏感,估算误差较小,可作为小麦白粉病严重度的最佳估算模型。