苦丁茶冬青粗多糖的分离表征及其抗氧化活性研究

水提醇沉法分离制备苦丁茶冬青粗多糖样品,对其进行初步分离表征（包括总糖、糖醛酸、蛋白质、氨基酸含量和红外光谱分析）和体外抗氧化活性（清除DPPH·自由基、·OH自由基清除能力和还原能力）研究。结果表明,苦丁茶冬青粗多糖中总糖含量为30.67％、糖醛酸含量为12.72％、蛋白质含量为9.35％;含有16种氨基酸成分,总含量为7.72％,其中含有7种人体必需氨基酸,占氨基酸总量的40.41％;红外光谱显示该粗多糖样品中含有α-吡喃糖环结构;此外,苦丁茶冬青粗多糖具有较强的体外抗氧化活性,且其抗氧化活性与多糖浓度之间存在良好的量效关系。     

苦丁茶冬青粗多糖的分离表征及其抗化活性研究

水提醇沉法分离制备苦丁茶冬青粗多糖样品,对其进行初步分离表征(包括总糖、糖醛酸、蛋白质、氨基酸含量和红外光谱分析)和体外抗氧化活性(清除DPPH·自由基、·OH自由基清除能力和还原能力)研究.结果表明,苦丁茶冬青粗多糖中总糖含量为30.67％、糖醛酸含量为12.72％、蛋白质含量为9.35％;含有16种氨基酸成分,总含量为7.72％,其中含有7种人体必需氨基酸,占氨基酸总量的40.41％;红外光谱显示该粗多糖样品中含有α-吡喃糖环结构;此外,苦丁茶冬青粗多糖具有较强的体外抗氧化活性,且其抗氧化活性与多糖浓度之间存在良好的量效关系.     

大粒车前子多糖的分离纯化及理化性质测定

沸水法提取得到的大粒车前子粗多糖经Sevag法脱蛋白后,再经葡聚糖凝胶层析柱反复纯化得到3个均一组分,即PLP-1、PLP-2、PLP-3,并对3个组分进行分子量及理化性质的测定。结果表明：PLP-1的相对分子量为3 292 494 u,PLP-2的相对分子量为1 725 889 u,PLP-3的相对分子量为1 286 790 u;糖含量分别为82.08 %、87.32 %和79.18 %;蛋白含量分别为0.54 %、1.16 %和0.72 %;糖醛酸含量分别为17.46 %、14.66 %和20.13 %。3个组分进行紫外光谱和红外光谱扫描结果显示,3个组分中均有蛋白质存在。     

车前草多糖的结构和性质初探

从车前草中提取、分离纯化得到多糖组分PPII-a,并对其组成结构和性质进行分析。车前草经热水提取、DEAE-Sepharose F.F柱层析、Superdex-200柱层析得到车前草多糖PPII-a,经HPLC、UV、IR、比色、β-消去等方法对其组成结构及理化性质进行测定。结果表明:PPII-a为均一组分,相对分子质量为4.6×105Da,其总糖含量、蛋白含量、糖醛酸含量分别为90.5%、9.7%、20.9%,单糖组成及摩尔比为阿拉伯糖∶甘露糖∶葡萄糖∶半乳糖=7.6∶1∶1.8∶1.9;呈现多糖特征吸收峰,含有β-吡喃糖苷键。β-消去实验结果表明,糖链与结合蛋白之间是通过O-型糖肽键相连。因此,PPII-a是一种均一的具有O-糖肽键的酸性杂多糖。     

乌龙茶加工过程多糖的变化、组分分离及特性研究

在乌龙茶加工过程中,多糖含量以及组成多糖的中性糖、蛋白质含量呈递减趋势,从鲜叶至第2次摇青结束,下降幅度小,但第3次摇青后大幅度下降,而糖醛酸的变化较小;加工过程多糖清除·OH和自由基的趋势基本一致,呈现抛物线变化,活性最高峰出现在第2次摇青结束,多酚类保留量为85%左右可以作为制定乌龙茶加工过程高活性茶多糖的形成指标。采用纤维素和葡聚糖凝胶柱层析法分离纯化乌龙茶多糖,各级分中性糖、蛋白质、糖醛酸含量以及清除OH、的作用有较大差异。获得的乌龙茶多糖主要组分OTPS2-1是富含糖醛酸和少量蛋白质的三元糖复合物,相对重均分子质量为8.877×104,糖基由半乳糖、葡萄糖、阿拉伯糖、岩藻糖和鼠李糖组成,其摩尔比为7.58:2.14:7.05:1.76:1.02。O2.O2.     

茶叶多糖的降血糖、抗炎及碳粒廓清作用

绿茶经甲醇回流,热水提取,Sevag 法去蛋白、透析、乙醇沉淀和脱水干燥后得到茶叶多糖,测得其糖醛酸含量为80.2%,属一酸性多糖,红外光谱呈多糖特征吸收峰。本文证实茶叶多糖具有降血糖、抗炎及增加碳粒廓清速率的药理作用。     

茶多糖的分级纯化及组成分析

从粗老绿茶中提取茶叶粗多糖,经DEAE-纤维素DE-52和Sephacryl S-300柱层析纯化,获得三个纯化的茶多糖组分：TPS2-H₂O、TPS2-0.25和TPS2-0.40;此三个组分的中性糖含量分别是：41.23％、29.33％和21.39％,糖醛酸含量分别是：19.5%、22.5%和56.4%,蛋白质含量分别是：未检出、0.8％和未检出;GC-MS分析了三个分级组分均由鼠李糖、阿拉伯糖、木糖、甘露糖、葡萄糖和半乳糖等六种单糖构成的杂多糖,其摩尔比分别是TPS2-H2O（21.3:13.8:1.8:23.3:6.9:32.9）,TPS2-0.25（60.7:13.4:1.6:2.0:1.2:21.1）,TPS2-0.40（60.2:10.8:4.4:3.2:5.7:15.7）;HPGPC-ELSD法分析了各组分的分布及所占比重。     

大叶冬青苦丁茶多糖提取、纯化与抗氧化活性研究

大叶冬青苦丁茶经85%乙醇溶液脱脂、热水提取、S-8大孔树脂脱色、醇沉、干燥,得到大叶冬青苦丁茶粗多糖。粗ILPS经DEAE-52纤维素阴离子交换层析柱分离,得到4个多糖组分ILPS-1,ILPS-2,ILPS-3和ILPS-4。采用化学法分别测定了粗多糖及其纯化组分的体外清除自由基（DPPH.自由基,O2^-.自由基,.OH自由基）能力、还原能力以及螯合金属离子能力。结果表明,大叶冬青苦丁茶多糖具有较强的体外抗氧化活性,并且抗氧化能力与多糖浓度之间存在良好的相关性。     

蕃拉芦荟水溶性多糖的分离与鉴定

以蕃拉芦荟（ Aloe barbadensis Miller)为材料,从中分离出3种多糖PAB1、PAB2和PAB3。PAB1的总糖含量和糖醛酸含量分别为78.57%和14.59%;PAB2的分别为88.72%和6.90%;PAB3的分别为50.23%和10.9%,蛋白质含量为28.81%。红外光谱、气相色谱、酶水解等测定结果表明,PAB1为葡萄聚糖,PAB2为葡萄甘露聚糖,PAB3是一种含有甘露糖的糖蛋白。     

六堡茶多糖理化性质、体外抗氧化及其对人脐静脉血管内皮细胞的保护作用

以六堡茶为原料,利用水提醇沉法制得茶多糖粗品,经脱蛋白纯化后用30%、50%、70%的乙醇溶液进行分段,得到3种六堡茶多糖LTPS-30、LTPS-50和LTPS-70,并分析了其化学组成、分子量分布等理化性质;以自由基清除法(ABTS)和铁离子还原法(FRAP)评价其抗氧化活性;并以Na2S2O3损伤的人脐静脉血管内皮细胞(HUVEC)为模型,探讨了它们对HUVEC氧化损伤的保护作用。结果表明,3种六堡茶多糖样品均为主要含有2个组分的非均一酸性多糖,平均分子量和总糖含量均为LTPS-70LTPS-50LTPS-30;而在蛋白质和总酚含量及两种抗氧化体系下的抗氧化活力均为LTPS-70LTPS-50LTPS-30,且LTPS-70表现出最强的细胞保护作用。说明茶多糖粗品经70%乙醇纯化后具有较强的生物活性,具有良好的应用前景。     

苦丁茶提取物多酚含量与抗氧化活性的测定

首先用不同的有机溶剂分部萃取苦丁茶(Ilex kudincha C.J.Tseng)热水提取物(粗提物),得到氯仿萃取物、乙酸乙酯萃取物、正丁醇萃取物及萃取剩余物,然后采用Folin-Ciocalteu比色法测定粗提物和各萃取物的多酚含量,同时应用DPPH法、TEAC法和FRAP法分别测定粗提物和各萃取物的自由基清除能力和还原Fe3+能力。结果表明,苦丁茶提取物具有较高的多酚含量和较强的抗氧化能力;DPPH法和FRAP法测定各提取物抗氧化能力的结果为乙酸乙酯萃取物>正丁醇萃取物>粗提物>萃取剩余物>氯仿萃取物,TEAC法测定结果为乙酸乙酯萃取物>正丁醇萃取物>粗提物>氯仿萃取物>萃取剩余物;多酚含量与抗氧化能力之间、所用抗氧化测定方法之间均存在较好的相关性。     

苦丁茶不同提取物抗氧化活性比较及其GC-MS分析

利用气相色谱-质谱联用技术（GC-MS）,对苦丁茶超声辅助不同有机溶剂（乙醇、乙酸乙酯、石油醚）提取物及超临界CO₂萃取物的体外抗氧化活性（DPPH自由基清除能力、羟基自由基清除活性、超氧阴离子自由基清除活性和ABTS ⁺自由基清除能力）进行比较分析。结果表明,苦丁茶不同提取物DPPH清除能力和超氧阴离子自由基清除活性依次为：超声-乙醇提取物>超临界CO₂萃取物>超声-乙酸乙酯提取物>超声-石油醚提取物,羟基自由基和ABTS ⁺自由基清除能力依次为：超声-乙醇提取物>超声-乙酸乙酯提取物>超临界CO₂萃取物>超声-石油醚提取物。GC-MS结果显示,苦丁茶不同提取物中主要有5类物质,共有49种化学成分,7种共有成分。     

不同茶树品种鲜叶多糖的理化性质和抗氧化活性比较研究

选取来自同一茶园且具有代表性的黄金桂、铁观音、祁门种、六堡茶、大红袍、槠叶齐、龙井43、白叶1号、中黄1号和福鼎大白茶10个茶树品种鲜叶为原料,直接进行微波干燥固样,通过水提法制备10个不同茶树品种的多糖,采用化学分析、高效液相色谱、红外光谱、凝胶色谱层析、扫描电镜、测量粒径和Zeta电位等方法比较分析10个茶多糖的主要理化性质,并测定其1,1-二苯基-2-苦肼基（DPPH）、2,2'-联氮-双-3-乙基苯并噻唑啉-6-磺酸（ABTS）自由基清除能力和铁离子还原能力等体外抗氧化活性。理化性质结果表明,茶多糖是一类水溶性的酸性糖蛋白,主要由糖醛酸、中性糖、蛋白质和多酚构成;10个茶多糖的单糖组分主要由半乳糖醛酸、葡萄糖、半乳糖和阿拉伯糖组成;主成分分析（PCA）表明,白叶1号和龙井43与其他茶树品种在多糖的基本组成上具有较大差异。体外抗氧化研究表明,不同茶树品种多糖的体外抗氧化能力存在显著差异,但均随其浓度增加而呈线性增加,其中白叶1号多糖的抗氧化活性整体表现最为优异。理化性质与抗氧化活性的相关性分析结果显示,不同茶树品种多糖的抗氧化能力可能与其所含的多酚和蛋白质含量有关。     

膜过滤绿茶多糖的系统分级纯化及免疫活性分析

采用150kD、20kD、6kD的超滤膜和对水溶性茶多糖进行分级和浓缩,得到的三部分截留液分别经过DEAE-52纤维素离子交换层析和丙烯葡聚糖凝胶Sephacryl S-300柱层析系统分离、纯化,共得到了20多个分级组分;HPGPC-ELSD鉴定各多糖组分的纯度及分子量分布,结果表明得到5个均一多糖组分;用小鼠巨噬细胞系Raw264.7检测免疫活性,发现对小鼠巨噬细胞Raw264.7有显著活性的多糖组分大多集中在20kD左右,大多为不均一多糖。     

三七和三七根茎中糖类物质分析

目的：测定三七和三七根茎中糖类物质的含量;方法：3,5-二硝基水杨酸法测定三七和三七根茎中的总糖和还原糖含量;结果：三七和三七根茎中总糖的含量分别为73．10％和39．61％,还原糖的含量分别为4．41％和3．60％;结论：三七和三七根茎中总糖含量较高,而且三七中总糖含量几乎是三七根茎的2倍。     

The effect of heat treatment on the soluble protein content of oats

The effect of heat treatment on the soluble protein content in oat groats (Kerstin commercial variety) was evaluated using asymmetric flow field-flow fractionation (AF4) in combination with online multiangle light scattering (MALS) and UV detection. The AF4 method was used to separate the monomeric proteins from globulin hexamer and aggregate proteins and β-glucan polysaccharides in the soluble oat protein fraction. The total amount of soluble protein (with respect to total protein) was reduced to 35.7 ± 4.5 wt. % in heat treated oats from 74.6 ± 5.3 wt. % in non-heat treated oats. The ratio of monomeric to globulin hexamer and aggregate proteins was reduced from 1.82 to 1.48 as a result of heat treatment. Sodium-dodecyl-sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) analysis revealed the selective elimination of protein bands associated with the albumin and prolamin protein fractions as a result of heat treatment. These results were supported through amino acid analysis by cation exchange chromatography coupled with UV detection which revealed a reduction in amino acid residues associated with prolamin. The globulin proteins were found to be less sensitive to heat treatment.     

Fractionation of cereal flour by sedimentation in non-aqueous systems. I. Development of the method and chemical characterisation of the fractions

A method for the fractionation of wheat, rye, and barley flours without using aqueous solvents was developed. The separation of protein and starch was based on differences in their densities. Therefore, ball-milled flour was suspended in a mixture of inert solvents (toluene/tetrachoroethene) with a density of 1.47 g/cm³ and centrifuged. Owing to its higher density, the starch fraction was obtained as sediment whereas the protein fraction (PF) formed a layer on the surface of the solvent because of its lower density. The PF was enriched in a solvent mixture with a density of 1.355 g/cm³ yielding a middle fraction (sediment) and the enriched PF (upper layer). The latter was then defatted with toluene (0.87 g/cm) providing a lipid fraction in addition. The influence of ball milling under air or in the sedimentation solvent on the yield and the purity of the fractions was studied. Three varieties of wheat, and one rye and barley variety were fractionated by the optimised method and the obtained fractions were characterised by chemical methods e.g. gel permeation chromatography, SDS electrophoresis, and a combined extraction/HPLC method.     

Total plant sterols,steryl ferulates and steryl glycosides in milling fractions of wheat and rye

The total plant sterol, steryl ferulate and steryl glycoside contents in wheat and rye milling fractions show that there are significant differences in both sterol content and composition between various milling fractions collected from a commercial mill. Total sterols were analysed by gas chromatography after acid and alkaline hydrolyses. The steryl conjugates were first extracted with acetone, fractionated on solid phase extraction (SPE) cartridges and then analysed individually (steryl glycosides by gas chromatography and steryl ferulates by reverse phase-high performance liquid chromatography with UV detection. Differences in sterol contents of the wheat samples were greater than in the rye samples. The highest total sterol content was found in wheat germ, but surprisingly high sterol contents, that were comparable to bran, were found in some flour fractions. Contents of steryl ferulates were high in the bran fractions contributing up to 17% of total sterols. The variation in the content of steryl glycosides in the samples was lower and contributed less than 10% of total sterols. These results show that much of the bioactive components may be lost when certain flour fractions produced in common flour milling procedures are discarded. However, some of these fractions with significantly high sterol contents could possibly be introduced into milling products used in breadmaking and the food industry without greatly compromising consumer acceptability.