矮小型锡壳蛋鸡产蛋时间和间隔的统计分析

本文对８８０只纯系矮小型褐壳蛋鸡的产蛋时间进行了连续５天的观察,分析结果表明,矮小型褐壳蛋鸡的产蛋时间集中在上午１２时以前,并以９：００￣１０：００期间产蛋最为密集,占全天产蛋的１９．５％,连产内第一枚蛋产出时间集中在上午（８９：３３％）,以７：００￣９：００间产蛋最多（４９．７１％）,而最后一枚蛋产出时间集中在下午（７１．２０％）,以２：００￣４：００间产蛋最多（３６．５８％）。矮小型褐壳蛋鸡连     

七个鸡种蛋品质比较分析

鸡蛋品质是鸡蛋生产者和消费者都非常关注的性状,为分析蛋品质在鸡种内及鸡种间的差异,本试验测定了5个地方鸡种和2个国外蛋鸡品种各30个蛋共12项常规蛋品质指标。分析结果表明:遗传背景对蛋品质影响较大,2个国外鸡种的蛋重、哈氏单位等指标高于地方鸡种,而地方鸡种在蛋形指数、蛋壳质量、蛋黄颜色以及蛋黄比率上占优,国内蛋用鸡种改良可以选择蛋黄性状为重点选育方向。7个鸡种中,海兰白蛋鸡的蛋壳厚度、蛋壳强度、蛋黄重是最大的,但海兰褐蛋鸡却与之完全相反,两者之间差异显著(P<0.05)。从品种内差异角度来看,商业化鸡种蛋品质变异系数小,国内鸡种整齐度有待进一步提高。     

苜蓿草粉的营养价值及其对蛋品质影响机理研究

本文主要讲述了苜蓿草粉的营养价值以及苜蓿草粉对蛋品质的影响机理,旨在为蛋鸡生产中合理利用苜蓿草粉提供理论依据。     

中草药添加剂对绿壳蛋鸡蛋品质的影响

试验选取4000只绿壳蛋鸡,随机分为4组(A组、B组、C组、D组),每组2个重复,每个重复500只鸡。对照组(A组)饲喂基础饲粮,各试验组分别在基础日粮基础上添加500、1000、1500 mg/kg中草药添加剂。结果表明,各试验组的蛋形指数,蛋壳强度,蛋壳厚度,蛋黄颜色,蛋黄比率,哈氏单位,血、肉斑率较对照组均得到一定改程度改善,但差异不显著(P>0.05);各试验组蛋比重均显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。由此可见中草药添加剂可一定程度改善绿壳蛋鸡的蛋品质。     

三个品种蛋鸡的蛋品质比较分析

选用30-35周龄的蛋鸡三个品种:东乡绿壳鸡、伊莎鸡和仙居鸡.在相同的饲养条件下,随机收集3个品种蛋鸡同日所产新鲜蛋各5枚,连续5周,总共525枚.测定了蛋重、蛋白高度、蛋黄颜色和哈氏单位等蛋品质指标.结果表明:平均蛋重的大小为伊莎鸡＞东乡绿壳鸡＞仙居鸡;蛋白高度,两个地方品种蛋鸡之间无显著差异,二者均与伊莎鸡存在极显著差异;蛋黄颜色,东乡绿壳鸡与仙居鸡、伊莎鸡均存在极显著差异;哈氏单位,三者之间均无显著差异.通过比较地方优良品种蛋鸡与国外引进品种蛋鸡的鸡蛋品质指标,为禽蛋产品的利用和开发提供参考.     

不同品种鸡蛋品质的比较研究

随机抽取40周龄尼克粉鸡、仿草鸡、苏禽黄鸡、青壳蛋鸡的蛋各100个,进行蛋品质测定。结果表明不同品种鸡蛋的蛋品质存在着差异,除蛋形指数差异不显著外,4种鸡蛋的蛋壳颜色和蛋黄颜色相互间存在极显著差异(P<0.01);尼克粉鸡蛋、苏禽黄鸡蛋与仿草鸡蛋及青壳蛋鸡蛋的蛋重相互间存在极显著差异;尼克粉鸡蛋、青壳蛋鸡蛋与仿草鸡蛋、苏禽黄鸡蛋的蛋黄比率存在极显著差异;尼克粉鸡蛋与仿草鸡蛋、苏禽黄鸡蛋、青壳蛋鸡蛋的蛋壳厚度存在极显著差异;4种鸡蛋的哈氏单位相互间表现出显著(P<0.05)或极显著的差异;蛋壳强度只在尼克粉鸡与仿草鸡之间有显著差异。     

矮小型褐壳蛋鸡产蛋时间和间隔的统计分析

本文对８８０只纯系矮小型褐壳蛋鸡的产蛋时间进行了连续５天的观察,分析结果表明,矮小型褐壳蛋鸡的产蛋时间集中在上午１２时以前,并以９：００～１０：００期间产蛋最为密集,占全天产蛋的１９．５％。连产内第一枚蛋产出时间集中在上午（８９：３３％）,以７：００～９：００间产蛋最多（４９．７１％）;而最后一枚蛋产出时间集中在下午（７１．２０％）,以２：００～４：００间产蛋最多（３６．５８％）。矮小型褐壳蛋鸡连产内产蛋间隔范围为２２．３５～３１．１５小时,每枚蛋平均间隔高峰在２４小时（３６．０％）,群体平均产蛋间隔为２５．０８小时。相邻连产间间隔时间的变异范围很大,最短为３８．０小时,最长达１００．４５小时。     

益母草对产蛋中后期绿壳蛋鸡蛋品质的影响

试验选取180只51周龄黑羽绿壳蛋鸡随机均分为4组,每组3个重复,每个重复15只鸡,对照组饲喂基础日粮,各试验组在基础日粮基础上分别添加0.5%、1.0%、1.5%的益母草粉,观察其对黑羽绿壳蛋鸡蛋品质的影响。结果表明,与对照组相比,在绿壳蛋鸡日粮中添加1.0%益母草粉可显著提高蛋形指数、蛋壳强度、蛋黄颜色评分、哈夫单位(P<0.05),显著降低蛋黄总胆固醇含量(P<0.05),由此可见,益母草可以改善绿壳蛋鸡蛋品质,其适宜添加量为1%。     

饲粮添加生姜粉对蛋鸡生产性能和蛋品质的影响

试验旨在探讨饲粮添加不同水平的生姜粉对蛋鸡生产性能和蛋品质的影响。选取27周龄罗曼褐壳蛋鸡120只,随机分为4组,每组设3个重复,每个重复10只。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组分别添加0.5%、1.0%、1.5%的生姜粉。预饲期7 d,试验期4周。结果表明:饲粮中添加适量的生姜粉可以提高蛋鸡的平均日产蛋量和试验3~4周的产蛋率以及试验1~2周的平均蛋重(P<0.05)。饲粮中添加适量生姜粉能够提高鸡蛋的哈夫单位和蛋比重(P<0.05)。结果提示,饲粮中添加生姜粉可提高罗曼褐壳蛋鸡的生产性能和蛋品质,以1.0%生姜粉为最适添加量。     

蚯蚓粉对蛋鸡产蛋性能及鸡蛋品质的影响

将蚯蚓干制粉碎添加到蛋鸡日粮中，观察蚯蚓粉对蛋鸡生产性能及鸡蛋品质的影响。１蚯蚓粉来源将用堆积发酵鸡粪饲养的本地红蚯蚓清水冲洗后，置于１０５±１℃烘箱中烘干、粉碎。２试验鸡的选择与分组选择健康无病、产蛋性能稳定的３７周龄伊莎褐壳商品蛋鸡２００只，随机分为两组，每组设２个重复，每重复５０只。３试验鸡日粮组成及养分含量对照组饲喂基础日粮（见表１），试验组日粮在基础日粮中添加２％的蚯蚓粉，预饲期７天，试验期为３０天。４饲养管理半开放式笼养，通风、采光（自然光照＋人工光照）条件一致，自由采食，自由饮水。…     

Embryonation and infectivity of Ascaris suum eggs. A comparison of eggs collected from worm uteri with eggs isolated from pig faeces

Ascaris suum eggs were collected from pig faeces or dissected from worms obtained from the same pigs. Eggs from the two sources were allowed to embryonate in 0.1 N H2SO4, in 1% buffered formalin or in tap water. The embryonation of the sulphuric acid and water cultures occurred at the same speed, while the formalin cultures developed slightly more slowly. By experimental inoculation of helminth-free pigs and subsequent counting of white spots in the livers and larvae in the lungs day 7 p.i., the infectivity of eggs dissected from worm uteri and embryonated in sulphuric acid (a normal laboratory procedure) was compared with that of eggs collected from faeces and embryonated in water (i.e. more naturally developed eggs). The results suggest that the two types of eggs were equally infective. For this reason the common practice of using Ascaris eggs dissected from worms for experimental infections might be acceptable.     

木醋液对蛋鸡生产性能及蛋品质的影响

本研究旨在探讨木醋液对蛋鸡生产性能及蛋品质的影响。将192只219日龄海兰褐蛋鸡随机分成A、B、C、D 4组,分别饲喂添加0%、0.5%、0.75%、1.0%木醋液的饲料,日饲喂量为124 g。每组设3次重复,每重复16只,试验期80 d。结果表明,添加0.5%、0.75%木醋液处理组产蛋量、产蛋率、蛋白质及钙含量比对照组均有不同程度的提高,且胆固醇含量明显降低。添加1.0%木醋液处理组产蛋量、产蛋率比对照组有所下降。试验结果证实,蛋鸡饲料中添加适量木醋液具有提高蛋鸡生产性能及蛋品质的作用。     

Effects of supplementing microalgae in laying hen diets on productive performance,fatty-acid profile,and oxidative stability of eggs

The purpose of this trial was to investigate the effects of adding graded levels of dehydrated, whole-cell microalgae (All-G-Rich^TM, Alltech Inc.) in layer diets on the performance, egg and shell quality, yolk color, oxidative stability, and fatty-acid concentration of eggs. Six replicate groups of 5 Hy-Line W-36 laying hens were assigned to each of 4 dietary treatments. Treatments consisted of feeding a corn-soybean meal control diet alone or supplemented with 1.0, 2.0, or 3.0% All-G-Rich^TM during a 32-wk production period. Fatty-acid content of egg yolk was analyzed after feeding the experimental diets for 4 wk. The docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) content in egg yolk was linearly increased (P < 0.01) with increasing levels of algae in the diet. There was no effect of dietary treatments on production performance of layers in the entire trial period. Egg weight and eggshell quality were not affected by dietary treatments. Supplements of 2 or 3% All-G-Rich^TM significantly increased redness (a*) and decreased lightness (L) of egg yolk. Yolk fatty-acid oxidation, as measured by thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), was not affected by treatments in eggs stored up to 30 d at 4°C. Based on these data, adding All-G-Rich^TM in layer diets can produce DHA-enriched eggs with no negative impact on egg quality.     

笼养与平养蛋鸭蛋品质测定与相关性分析

试验旨在比较笼养和平养方式对不同品种蛋鸭蛋品质的影响,以期为评价不同饲养方式下的鸭蛋品质提供参考依据。随机选取40周龄笼养和平养的金定鸭（青壳蛋）和山麻鸭（白壳蛋）鸭蛋各30枚于产后24 h内进行蛋品质测定。结果表明,同一品种笼养蛋鸭蛋重极显著大于平养蛋鸭蛋重（P<0.01）,蛋重与蛋壳重、蛋白重和蛋黄重之间均存在极显著正相关（P<0.01）,但不同类型鸭蛋的蛋黄重之间差异不显著（P>0.05）。青壳蛋的蛋壳强度显著高于白壳蛋（P<0.05）,笼养青壳蛋的蛋壳强度亦高于平养青壳蛋（P<0.05）。蛋的比重与蛋壳厚度呈极显著正相关（0.503,P<0.01）,与蛋壳强度的相关系数亦达到0.536（P<0.01）。4种类型鸭蛋的哈氏单位均达到72以上。虽然蛋白重与蛋黄重之间呈极显著正相关（P<0.01）,但蛋白重与蛋黄比率之间却呈极显著的负相关（P<0.01）。蛋的比重与蛋黄重和蛋黄比率之间亦存在显著负相关（P<0.05）。以上结果表明,就蛋品质而言,蛋鸭养殖以采用笼养模式、选择青壳蛋鸭品种为宜。     

Determination and Correlation Analysis on the Egg Quality of Egg-laying Ducks Reared in Cages and on Floor

The purpose of this test was to evaluate the egg quality from two breeds of ducks reared in cages and on floor.30 eggs were chosen from each type of eggs,which were from Jinding (green shell) and Shan Partridge ducks (white shell)at 40 weeks-old reared in cages and on floor for egg quality evaluation.The results showed that the egg weight of caged duck was extremely significantly larger than the floor duck (P<0.01) in the same breed,there were very significant positive correlations between the egg weight and eggshell weight,egg-white weight and egg yolk weight (P<0.01),but no significant difference among the egg yolk weights of different types of ducks (P>0.05).The shell strength of green egg was obviously higher than that of white shell eggs (P<0.05),and the shell strength of green egg from caged ducks was higher than that of the green egg ducks on floor.The correlation coefficients of the egg specific gravity and eggshell thickness,the specific gravity and eggshell strength were 0.503 (P<0.01) and 0.536 (P<0.01) respectively.Haugh units of four types of ducks all reached 72 or more.Although there was significant positive correlation between egg-white weight and egg yolk weight (P<0.01),significant negative correlation was existed between egg-white weight and egg yolk ratio (P<0.01).There were significant negative correlations between egg specific gravity and egg yolk weight (P<0.05) and egg yolk ratio (P<0.05).In conclusion,the mode of cage feeding and the breed with green shell were appropriate choices in laying-egg duck production for high egg quality.     

The effects of dietary calcium iodate on productive performance,egg quality and iodine accumulation in eggs of laying hens

The aim of this study was to examine the effects of various levels of supplemental calcium iodate (CI) on productive performance, egg quality, blood indices and iodine (I) accumulation in the eggs in commercial laying hens. A total of 240 White Leghorn layers (Hy‐line W36) were divided through a completely randomized design into six treatments with five replicates and eight hens per each at 32 weeks of age. This experiment lasted for 12 weeks. Concentrations of I in the mash diets were 0.74, 3.13, 5.57, 8.11, 10.65 and 12.94 mg I/kg of feed in treatments 1–6 respectively. The added doses of CI were included 0.0 (control), 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, 10.0 and 12.5 mg/kg of diet for treatments 1–6 respectively. There were no significant differences in productive performance among the treatments. The highest eggshell strength was observed in group fed diet containing 3.13 mg I/kg (p = .014). The highest percentage of calcium and lowest percentage of phosphorus in eggshell were observed in group fed diet containing 12.94 mg I/kg (p = .0001). Feeding hens with diet containing 12.94 mg I/kg increased serum triiodothyronine‐to‐thyroxine ratio (p = .0001). Serum alanine aminotransferase activity in hens fed diet containing 12.94 mg I/kg was significantly more than control (p = .041). Blood Serum triglycerides in hens fed diet containing 8.11 mg I/kg were significantly higher than control (p = .0001). Edible fraction of the eggs of birds fed diet containing 12.94 mg I/kg was enriched by I almost 3 times more than those fed diet containing 0.74 mg I/kg. The results suggested that egg production, egg mass, feed intake and feed conversion ratio were not significantly affected by dietary I levels. Iodine accumulation in the eggs were increased by increasing dietary I levels and the level of 10 mg/kg CI could supply I enrichment of the eggs.     

氯化胆碱对19~42周龄蛋鸡生产性能和蛋品质的影响

本试验旨在研究饲粮添加氯化胆碱对19~42周龄蛋鸡生产性能和蛋品质的影响。选取990只18周龄京红1号蛋鸡,随机分为6组,每组12个重复,每个重复15只鸡,分别饲喂在基础饲粮中添加0、1000、2000、4000、8000和16000 mg/kg氯化胆碱的试验饲粮。试验期24周。结果显示：1)19~42周龄,2000、4000、8000和16000 mg/kg组产蛋率显著低于0 mg/kg组( P<0.05);8000和16000 mg/kg 组产蛋率显著低于1000 mg/kg 组( P<0.05)。16000 mg/kg组蛋重和采食量显著低于0 mg/kg 组(P<0.05),各组料蛋比无显著差异(P>0.05)。2)2000 mg/kg组20、22周龄的蛋壳厚度显著高于0 mg/kg组(P<0.05),16000 mg/kg组22、38周龄蛋壳强度显著低于0 mg/kg组( P<0.05)。16000 mg/kg组26周龄蛋白高度和哈夫单位显著低于0 mg/kg组(P<0.05),8000 mg/kg组22周龄哈夫单位显著高于0 mg/kg组( P<0.05)。20、21、22和38周龄,1000、2000、4000、8000和16000 mg/kg组蛋黄颜色显著高于0 mg/kg组(P<0.05)。3)1000、2000、4000、8000和16000 mg/kg组24周龄全蛋磷脂酰胆碱含量显著高于0 mg/kg组( P<0.05),16000 mg/kg组27、38周龄全蛋磷脂酰胆碱含量显著高于0 mg/kg组( P<0.05)。16000 mg/kg组38周龄蛋黄磷脂酰胆碱含量显著高于0 mg/kg组( P<0.05)。由此可见,饲粮添加适量氯化胆碱能提高蛋壳厚度、蛋壳强度、蛋黄颜色,适宜添加量为1000 mg/kg。而饲粮添加高于1000 mg/kg 氯化胆碱能降低产蛋率;添加高于4000 mg/kg氯化胆碱能降低蛋重和采食量。     

不同水平无机及有机复合微量元素对蛋鸡生产性能及蛋品质的影响

本试验旨在研究不同水平无机及有机复合微量元素对蛋鸡生产性能及蛋品质的影响。选取990只22周龄的京红1号蛋鸡随机分为11组,每组6个重复,每个重复15只鸡。1组为对照组,2~6组与7~11组分别在饲粮中按NRC(1994)推荐需要量的25%、50%、75%、100%、125%添加不同水平的无机或有机复合微量元素,其中锰(Mn)、铁(Fe)、锌(Zn)、硒(Se)添加水平参照蛋鸡NRC(1994)标准,铜(Cu)添加水平参照肉鸡NRC(1994)标准。试验期24周。结果如下:1)以无机形式添加复合微量元素时,试验1~24周,25%无机复合微量元素组产蛋率最高;25%无机复合微量元素组在试验第8和22周极显著提高鸡蛋的蛋壳强度(P0.01)。2)以有机形式添加复合微量元素时,试验17~24周,25%、50%、100%、125%有机复合微量元素组显著提高产蛋率(P0.05);试验17~24周和1~24周,添加NRC推荐需要量的50%、100%、125%有机复合微量元素极显著降低料蛋比(P0.01);50%有机复合微量元素组试验第8周的蛋黄颜色以及试验第24周的蛋白高度和哈夫单位极显著提高(P0.01)。3)NRC推荐需要量的25%添加水平下,试验9~16周,有机组产蛋率显著高于无机组(P0.05);试验第20周,有机组蛋白高度和哈夫单位极显著高于无机组(P0.01)。4)NRC推荐需要量的50%添加水平下,试验第22周,有机组蛋白高度极显著高于无机组(P0.01),哈夫单位显著高于无机组(P0.05);试验第24周,有机组蛋白高度和哈夫单位显著高于无机组(P0.05)。试验表明,产蛋期蛋鸡饲粮中无机及有机复合微量元素分别以NRC推荐需要量的25%和50%水平添加效果最佳,有机复合微量元素在产蛋率、蛋白高度和哈夫单位方面优于无机复合微量元素。     

日粮添加不同水平硫酸锌对京红蛋鸡免疫机能和蛋品质的影响

本试验通过研究日粮中添加不同水平硫酸锌对京红蛋鸡免疫机能和蛋品质的影响,探索京红蛋鸡饲料中锌的适宜添加量。选择20周龄540只健康产蛋高峰期的京红蛋鸡,随机分为6个处理组,每个处理6个重复,每个重复15只鸡,分别饲喂6种不同日粮：T1组饲喂基础日粮（对照组,含锌25 mg/kg）;T2、T3、T4、T5、T6组分别在基础日粮中添加25、50、75、100和125 mg/kg硫酸锌（以锌计）,预饲期2周,试验期24周。每4周统计破蛋率;分别在33周龄和45周龄末测定蛋品质、血清抗氧化指标和免疫功能相关指标。结果显示：与对照组相比,添加25~125 mg/kg硫酸锌对京红蛋鸡破蛋率、蛋壳厚度、蛋壳强度、浓蛋白高度、哈夫单位和蛋黄颜色,血清碱性磷酸酶（ALP）、乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）活性,IgM、IgA含量和新城疫抗体滴度,免疫器官绝对重和免疫器官指数,肝脏铜锌超氧化物歧化酶（CuZn-SOD）活性均无显著影响（P>0.05）,但极显著提高了33周龄末京红蛋鸡血清IgG含量（P<0.01）。综合考虑各因素,产蛋高峰期京红蛋鸡日粮中硫酸锌适宜添加量推荐为75 mg/kg。