江苏沿海棉区烟粉虱发生规律与防治技术

江苏沿海地区是我国重要产棉基地,常年种植棉花170khm^2以上,近几年来随着转Bt基因抗虫棉（简称Bt棉下同）面积不断扩大（现已占90％以上）,使得曾经是棉花主要害虫的棉铃虫已得到控制,而使一些次要害虫现已成为棉田主要害虫及防治对象。烟粉虱就是江苏沿海棉区转Bt基因抗虫棉棉田近年来新发生的一种多食性害虫,对棉花的为害逐年加重,甚至达到暴发。     

安徽宿松棉盲蝽的发生与防治

近几年随着抗虫棉的推广应用、种植面积的不断扩大以及种植模式的多样化,棉铃虫、红铃虫的危害下降。由于抗虫棉对棉盲蝽不具有抗性,棉盲蝽已上升为主要害虫,造成严重危害,应加强防治。     

盐城地区转Bt基因抗虫棉田主要害虫的检测要点

近年来,转Bt基因抗虫棉(简称Bt棉,下同)在江苏沿海地区的推广速度很快.据统计,2003年盐城市Bt棉种植面积已占当地植棉总面积的60%以上.数年的种植实践证明,Bt棉对棉铃虫(低龄幼虫)等靶标害虫具有较高的抗性,而其对棉叶螨等非靶标害虫不具抗性;与常规棉相比,转Bt基因抗虫棉的种植已经引起了棉田害虫动态的变化,目前关于Bt棉田害虫测报方法农技部门还没有一个统一的调查标准.鉴于此,2001-2003年进行了此类研究,旨在为科学地制定转Bt基因抗虫棉田害虫防治策略提供理论依据.     

抗虫棉田棉苗蚜发生特点及防治对策

自1997年转基因抗虫棉在我国商品化以来,面积迅速增加,至2005年达到330万公顷,占我国棉花面积的60%以上.抗虫棉的大面积推广应用,有效地控制了棉铃虫的暴发为害,但由于抗虫棉棉田施药量和施药次数的减少,也导致了棉田棉蚜、棉盲蝽等非靶标害虫种群上升,为害日益加重,研究其发生规律和防治对策十分必要.2006年研究了不同转基因抗虫棉品种上棉苗蚜及其天敌的发生特点,旨在为制订其防治对策提供科学依据.     

转基因棉田插种葵花对绿盲蝽及其天敌的影响研究

近几年来,随着转基因抗虫棉的迅速推广和普及,棉田中的生物种群发生了重大变化.原来发生危害最严重的棉铃虫已不再是主要害虫,而原来次要害虫绿盲蝽却上升为棉田的主要害虫,并且发生危害严重.     

冀中南地区棉田盲蝽象的发生规律与防治技术

近年来,随着转基因抗虫棉的大面积推广,棉田用药次数、用药量大幅度降低,棉铃虫已经由原来的主要害虫降为次要害虫,而过去局部地区零星发生的次要害虫盲蝽象,其种群数量急剧上升,在冀中南棉区已经逐步上升为主要害虫,为害逐年加重。1危害情况棉盲蝽象在冀中南地区棉田普遍发生,     

盐城地区转Bt基因抗虫棉田主要害虫的监测要点

近年来,转Bt基因抗虫棉(简称Bt棉,下同)在江苏沿海地区的推广速度很快。据统计,2 0 0 3年盐城市Bt棉种植面积已占当地植棉总面积的60 %以上。数年的种植实践证明,Bt棉对棉铃虫(低龄幼虫)等靶标害虫具有较高的抗性,而其对棉叶螨等非靶标害虫不具抗性;与常规棉相比,转Bt基因抗虫棉的种植已经引起了棉田害虫动态的变化,目前关于Bt棉田害虫测报方法农技部门还没有一个统一的调查标准。鉴于此,2 0 0 1 - 2 0 0 3年进行了此类研究,旨在为科学地制定转Bt基因抗虫棉田害虫防治策略提供理论依据。1棉铃虫的监测1 .1棉铃虫在转Bt基因抗虫棉田的危…     

苏沿海棉区棉盲蝽象的发生及防治

近年来,苏北沿海棉区随着转基因抗虫棉的推广应用,棉铃虫的发生得到了有效的遏制,由以往作为棉花主要害虫逐渐转变为次要害虫,但同时,由于转基因抗虫棉的一些自身特点以及广大植棉群众对转基因抗虫棉的虫害防治认识上存在着一些误区,使得以往作为次要害虫的棉盲蝽象种群增长,为害加重,逐步上升为主要害虫。1为害程度近年来,棉盲蝽象在苏北沿海棉区普遍发生,造成较重为害。据调查,平均百株虫头数可达20头~30头,高的可达40头~50头,棉花平均株受害率达60%~70%以上,叶片平均受害率超过50%,蕾铃脱落中的40%左右是由盲蝽象造成的,棉株早期受害形成…     

山西芮城县棉盲蝽的发生及防治技术

棉花是芮城县的主要经济作物之一,随着转基因抗虫棉的普及应用,棉铃虫防治强度和防治成本都得到有效控制。由于棉田用药次数和用药量明显减少,使得原来零星发生的次要害虫棉蚜、棉盲蝽逐渐上升为主要害虫,并呈逐年加重趋势。据笔者调查,2000年以来,连续几年,棉盲蝽在本县每年发生面积都在4666．7～6666．7hm^2,     

2001年周口市棉田蓟马暴发原因及防治措施

棉蓟马又名烟蓟马、葱蓟马,主要为害棉花、烟草、葱蒜、瓜类等植物.前几年,蓟马在周口市仅局部地区发生,且为害时间短,仅限于苗期为害.近年来随着作物布局的变化,温室大棚作物种植,抗虫棉大面积推广应用,棉蓟马为害面积逐年扩大,为害程度加重.     

稻麦双晚对病虫草发生的影响及解决措施

随着早熟晚粳、中熟晚粳广泛种植,水稻轻型省力栽培方式旱直播的推广,病虫也发生了变化,成熟期显著推迟,下茬无法在适宜播期种植,影响粮食丰产稳产。提出筛选早熟当家品种、大力推广机插秧、加大粮食烘干设备的投入、合理施肥、精准植保等对策。     

加强闽台科技合作交流发展我省甘蔗业

概述了海峡两岸农业交流与合作的现状,提出了应该共同呼吁尽快实现两岸“三通”,开放农业生物技术图书期刊资料交流以及开放生物学科方面网络的思路,以便为农业交流与合作的顺畅开展打好基础,并寄希望能够就糖蔗、果蔗以及甘蔗笋等方面的研究与开发到台湾学习取经,开展学术交流或与台湾同行共同开展研究,为我省甘蔗业的发展作出贡献。     

Sorghum and millet phenols and antioxidants

Sorghum is a good source of phenolic compounds with a variety of genetically dependent types and levels including phenolic acids, flavonoids, and condensed tannins. Most sorghums do not contain condensed tannins, but all contain phenolic acids. Pigmented sorghums contain unique anthocyanins that could be potential food colorants. Some sorghums have a prominent pigmented testa that contains condensed tannins composed of flavan-3-ols with variable length. Flavan-3-ols of up to 8–10 units have been separated and quantitatively analyzed. These tannin sorghums are excellent antioxidants, which slow hydrolysis in foods, produce naturally dark-colored products and increase the dietary fiber levels of food products. Sorghums have high concentration of 3-deoxyanthocyanins (i.e. luteolinidin and apigenidin) that give stable pigments at high pH. Pigmented and tannin sorghum varieties have high antioxidant levels that are comparable to fruits and vegetables. Finger millet has tannins in some varieties that contain a red testa. There are limited data on the phenolic compounds in millets; only phenolic acids and flavones have been identified.     

Sorghum and millet phenols and antioxidants

Sorghum is a good source of phenolic compounds with a variety of genetically dependent types and levels including phenolic acids, flavonoids, and condensed tannins. Most sorghums do not contain condensed tannins, but all contain phenolic acids. Pigmented sorghums contain unique anthocyanins that could be potential food colorants. Some sorghums have a prominent pigmented testa that contains condensed tannins composed of flavan-3-ols with variable length. Flavan-3-ols of up to 8–10 units have been separated and quantitatively analyzed. These tannin sorghums are excellent antioxidants, which slow hydrolysis in foods, produce naturally dark-colored products and increase the dietary fiber levels of food products. Sorghums have high concentration of 3-deoxyanthocyanins (i.e. luteolinidin and apigenidin) that give stable pigments at high pH. Pigmented and tannin sorghum varieties have high antioxidant levels that are comparable to fruits and vegetables. Finger millet has tannins in some varieties that contain a red testa. There are limited data on the phenolic compounds in millets; only phenolic acids and flavones have been identified.     

大豆几种常见病虫草害的诊断与防治

1大豆花叶病毒病 大豆病毒病（Soybean Mosaic Virus,SMV）是世界性病害之一。我国东北地区已鉴定的有5种,即大豆花叶病、顶枯病、蚕豆萎蔫病、南方菜豆花叶病、花生条纹病毒。其中大豆花叶病在全国大豆主要产区都有发生,十分常见。     

大豆根潜蝇及根腐病的发生与防治

近年来，随着大豆播种面积的增长，受病虫危害日趋严重。特别是大豆根潜蝇（又名根明）与根腐病共同发生危害，严重影响大豆的生产。综合防治技术主要手段是三年以上轮作，适时播种及种衣剂拌种等措施。     

Tuber and starch quality of wild and cultivated potato species and cultivars

Summary Between 1993 and 1998 205 different potato cultivars and 1220 accessions/genotypes of wild and cultivated potato species from the IPK Genebank Gatersleben were evaluated. Parameters interesting for starch isolation and especially for the use of starch were determined. Altogether, there was a higher variability in wild potato species than in cultivated potatoes for all characteristics investigated: dry matter content, starch content, protein content, amylose content and mean particle diameter of starch granules.     

Yield and quality of winter and spring triticales for forage and grain

In field experiments conducted over 2 years in Mediterranean conditions, five winter and five spring triticales were evaluated for forage and grain production in the same cropping season. The experiments had two treatments, namely harvesting for grain only, and dual-purpose forage and grain production. In the latter treatment, forage was cut when the first node was detectable (Zadoks' stage 31), without removing the apical meristems. Grain was harvested when ripe (Zadoks' stage 92) in both cut and uncut plots.
Environmental conditions affected grain production and protein content more than forage yield and quality. Winter triticales yielded about 43% more forage than spring types, but after forage removal the spring types yielded about 36% more grain than winter triticales.
Reductions in grain yield after clipping were more pronounced in winter (32%) than in spring (19%) types. Forage crude protein content was significantly higher in the spring types studied (24.6%) than in the winter types (23.5%), the opposite being true for fibre content (20.7 and 21.6% respectively). Grain crude protein content did not differ between grain and dual-purpose treatments, but was higher in the spring triticales (12.8%) than in the winter types (11.9%). There was more variability for the measured traits within the winter triticales studied than within the spring types.     

种子加工、检验理论与技术现状及思考

种子加工及检验是种子向市场流通的关键，是商业化育种中赋予种子商品属性不可或缺的环节。种子加工、检验理论与技术的研究是完善种业产业链、实现规模化商业育种、夯实“育繁推一体化”种业科学的重要一环。中国的种业科学技术体系正在形成与完善之中，受制于行业发展水平，种子加工及检验理论与技术相对薄弱。本文回顾了种子加工及检验理论与技术研究发展历程，提出了完善中国种业科学发展的策略与建议。围绕种业发展的需要，在做好品种优质化繁育的基础上，分析种子加工及检验理论与技术的新方向和新需求，加强种业应用性研究，建立先进的种子质量检验体系，研制适合现代种业发展需求的种子加工设备，打造种子加工产业标准化生产体系，完善种业科学技术学科建设，促进种业产业持续健康发展。     

Effects of Organic and Chemical Fertilizers and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Inoculation on Growth and Quality of Cucumber and Lettuce

Summary

Arbuscular mycorrhizae were inoculated into phosphorus-deficient soil fertilized with either organic or chemical fertilizer with cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) as the first crop and lettuce (Lactu-ca sativa L.) as the second crop but without additional fertilization and AM inoculation. AM increased dry matter and fruit yield of cucumber significantly in the unfertilized, organic-fertilized and P-deficient plants compared with the fully chemical-fertilized plants. AM inoculation increased the available phosphorus in plant and soil by around 30% for all treatments except for those chemically-fertilized. The rate of AM infection did not differ significantly among the fertilization treatments, but the infection intensity was higher in unfertilized, organic-fertilized and phosphorus-deficient treatments than chemical-fertilized treatment. The residual effects of AM-inoculated to cucumber were evident for lettuce in all pre-treatments that were unfertilized and un-inoculated for the second cropping. Without P-fertilization, neither crop could grow optimally even when the soil was inoculated with AM, suggesting that AM could not serve as a substitute for phosphorus fertilizer. However, the other beneficial effects of AM on crop growth and yield could not be fulfilled with phosphorus fertilizer.