Cytology of Phleum sp. affin. P. montanum C. Koch

Diploid, tetraploid, and hexaploid plants occurred in foreign plant introductions of P. sp. affin. P. montanum from Turkey and Iran. Within-progeny variations in polyploid levels indicate that divergent races occurred as interspersed but natural populations. One to six B-chromosomes of varying sizes in addition to the normal chromosome complement were present in some plants. Their behaviours appeared essentially similar to those recorded for other species. Certain of the plants examined exhibited cytological features similar to those observed in known hybrids. These included prophase pycnosis, stickiness, split metaphase I plates, unoriented chromosomes at M-1, and low levels of pollen stainability. These features were absent in microsporocytes of other plants. Low open-pollination seed set characterized all plants examined. This may be due to hybridity or possibly to response to ecological conditions of the new environment.Results of co-operative work of the Crops Research Division, A.R.S., U.S. Department of Agriculture, and the Wisconsin Agricultural Experiment Station, Madison, Wisconsin.Former Graduate Student, Department of Agronomy, Wisconsin Agricultural Experiment Station, and Geneticist, Crops Research Division, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture.     

紫花醉鱼草(Buddleja fallowiana Balf.f.et W.W.Smith)种子萌发条件的研究

紫花醉鱼草是主要分布于云南西北部海拔 2 70 0～ 380 0 m的一种野生观赏灌木 ,其种子长圆形 ,褐色 ,周围有翅 ,大小约 0 .5 mm× 0 .5 mm,千粒重 0 .0 5 5 g。在 2 0℃及 2 5℃的发芽温度下第 15 d的发芽率分别为 94%和 98% :在抑制紫花醉鱼草种子发芽的 30℃的温度下 ,180 0 lx～ 30 0 0 lx的人工光照和每日光照 16～ 2 0 h能促进种子萌发。在 2 5℃的发芽适温下 ,照光能使紫花醉鱼草种子萌发提前 1～ 3d。低温高海拔的生境和其种子萌发对高温与光照的需求 ,可能是紫花醉鱼草在自然环境中不能自然繁殖成为蔓延性杂草的原因之一。     

金铁锁总皂苷提取工艺研究

采用正交设计,以齐墩果酸为对照品,采用5%香草醛冰醋酸-高氯酸显色剂,以总皂苷提取率为指标来确定金铁锁的最佳提取工艺。结果表明,最佳提取工艺如下：提取温度为70℃、乙醇浓度为80%、提取时间90 min、料液比1:8,该方法成本低、结果稳定、重复性好。     

PEG模拟水分胁迫对地枫皮和八角种子萌发的影响

为明确岩溶山顶植物地枫皮种子萌发对水分胁迫的适应性,研究了不同浓度聚乙二醇(PEG)模拟水分胁迫条件下,地枫皮与同属广布种八角的种子萌发特性.结果表明,地枫皮和八角种子发芽率和发芽势均随PEG浓度的增大而显著降低,发芽最低水势为-0.86 mg/L,地枫皮各PEG浓度的发芽率和发芽势均显著高于八角.水分胁迫下,2种植物均表现出开始发芽时间滞后的特点,但种子发芽持续时间差异不大.复水后,地枫皮与八角种子均能够恢复发芽,且发芽率均达到对照水平.总体而言,地枫皮种子萌发适应水分胁迫的能力很强.     

迷人杜鹃种子特性与萌发实验研究

测定了迷人杜鹃种子的千粒重、吸水率、种皮透水性和种皮抑制物质,并统计在不同的贮藏方式、不同光照条件和不同萌发温度的处理下迷人杜鹃的发芽率和发芽势,并对所得数据作方差分析与LSD检验,结果表明:迷人杜鹃种子细小,千粒重仅有0.171 g,种皮透水性良好,种皮没有抑制种萌发的物质.室温干藏种子的发芽率和发芽势最大.而低温贮藏不利于种子的萌发.迷人杜鹃种子在自然光暗交替的光照下发芽率更高,出苗更整齐.恒温有利于种子的萌发.     

谢君魔芋染色体数目的观察研究

（云南农业大学魔芋研究所,云南昆明 650201）     

The creation of tetraploid beets. V.

Summary The tetraploid C₂ material obtained at the S.V.P. was sown in a trial field and from the results obtained only the best sugar and fodder beet families were used for further breeding work.Furthermore beets from this material were destined for crossings with tetraploid varieties and also with diploid material.The C₂ material should be kept pure by cytological examination.Impurity may be caused by monoploid pollen, by the occurrence of disturbances during meiosis or by technical errors.     

孩儿拳种子萌发特性和抗氧化系统对盐胁迫的响应

用不同浓度的NaCl溶液对孩儿拳种子进行胁迫处理,探讨盐胁迫下孩儿拳种子萌发特性、保护酶和膜质过氧化吵度.结果表明:(1)低浓度盐胁迫(50mmol/L)下,种子总萌发率与对照差异不显著,幼根长度和幼苗鲜重却高于对照,随着盐胁迫的加重,种子萌发率、幼根长度和幼苗鲜重均呈下降趋势.盐浓度为200 mmol/L时,总萌发率仅为13.8%.(2)在盐胁迫浓度较低时,SOD酶活性显著高于对照,当盐胁迫浓度达到200 mmol/L时,SOD活性开始下降;CAT酶活性随着盐胁迫浓度的增加,变化趋势和SOD酶活性相似;POD酶活性随着盐胁迫的增加呈升高趋势,尤其在SOD酶活性开始下降时,POD酶活性仍在增加.(3)盐胁迫为50 mmol/L和100 mmol/时,其丙二醛含量与对照差异不显著,盐胁迫为200 mmol/L时,丙二醛含量最高,为对照的2.35倍.     

Avena fatua L. subsp. fatua v. glabrata Peterm. subv. pseudo-basifixa Thell. as a source of crown rust resistance genes

Summary An accession of Avena fatua L. subsp. fatua v. glabrata Peterm. subv. pseudo-basifixa Thell. (A. fatua L. CS Sel. No. 1), collected in Czechoslovakia in 1971, was found to be resistant to a wide range of crown rust races. Analyses of crosses of this oat with cvs. Weikuss, Leanda, Mona, Rodney A, Rodney B, Rodney M, Dodge and K 316 indicated that the resistance of A. fatua CS Sel. No. 1 is conditioned by one recessive gene which is in interaction with one partially dominant gene with additive effect. The expression of rust reaction was affected by temperature. The crown rust resistance genes of A. fatua L. CS Sel. No. 1 were non-allelic with stem rust resistance genes Pg-2 (A) and Pg-4(B).     

Results of crossing Brassica pekinensis (Lour.) Rupr. with B. Oleracea L. Var. Acephala Dc.

Success in obtaining an interspecific hybrid between B. pekinensis and B. oleracea var. acephala was possible through the use of the Chinese cabbage as the seed parent and the use of the growth regulator, N-m-tolylphthalamic acid. The hybrids appeared vegetatively intermediate between the parents except for the inflorescence which appeared more like the kale parent. The F₁ was backcrossed with ease to the Chinese cabbage parent using the hybrid either as the pollen or seed parent. No backcross was made to the kale parent. Segregation in the F₂ was continuous for most characters studied.Michigan Agricultural Experiment Station, Journal Article Number 2588.     

青菜杂交种沪青杂1号的制种技术研究

通过父、母本不同行比、不同规格的隔离网以及不同的自然隔离距离,研究青菜TPS不育系繁殖技术和青菜杂交种沪青杂1号的隔离制种技术。结果表明,父母本适宜行比为1:3,无纺布的隔离效果比尼龙网罩要好,在自然隔离条件下,隔离距离不能小于500m。