Echocardiographic diagnosis of pulmonic valve vegetative endocarditis in a cow

A 5-year-old cow developed signs of bacterial endocarditis subsequent to parturition and mastitis. Massive vegetative lesions on the pulmonic valve were imaged with 2-dimensional echocardiography.     

Echocardiographic diagnosis of dirofilariasis in a ferret

Heartworm disease is described in a 14-month-old neutered female ferret (Mustela putorius furo) which had a three-week history of sneezing, anorexia and dyspnoea. Echocardiography revealed the presence of heartworms as hyperechoic densities within the right atrial and ventricular cavities. At necropsy, four Dirofilaria immitis parasites (three females, one male) were found in the right heart, the cranial vena cava and the caudal vena cava. Histopathological findings were similar to those reported in canine heartworm disease. Echocardiography may be a useful method of diagnosis of heartworm disease in the ferret.     

Echocardiographic findings of tricuspid blood cyst mimicking bacterial endocarditis in a dairy cow

The most common endocardial disease in cattle is bacterial endocarditis. The diagnosis of the disease in living animals is mainly based on clinical findings and echocardiographic detection of an irregularly thickened valve. Despite its presumed good sensitivity, little is known on the specificity of transthoracic echocardiography with regards to endocarditis. This case report describes the echocardiographic findings in a dairy cow diagnosed with a chronic inflammatory process, liver and splenic abscesses and tricuspid valve blood cysts that can be mistaken for bacterial endocarditis, thus emphasizing the need to improve antemortem diagnostic tools for endocarditis in cattle.     

Echocardiographic findings in a dog with vegetative bacterial endocarditis (Case report)

Definitive diagnosis of mitral and aortic valvular endocarditis in a dog was based on echocardiograpic findings and was then confirmed by positive blood culture. Abdominal ultrasound examination revealed a renal abcess. This case illustrates that echocardiography associated with abdominal ultrasound has become an essential tool for the diagnosis of bacterial endocarditis and for the detection of sequela or initial source of bacteriemia, while waiting for blood culture results. A short review of echocardiographic and Doppler abnormalities associated with bacterial endocarditis is presented.     

Cavernosography and differential diagnosis of impotence in the bull

A new indirect radiographic technique is described for the differential diagnosis of erectile impotence in the bull. Two cases of impotence have been investigated in this way. In the first, occlusion of the dorsal longitudinal canal of the corpus cavernosum penis in an 18-month-old Hereford bull was diagnosed. In the second, distal venous drainage of the corpus cavernosum penis was demonstrated in a five-year-old Hereford bull. Post mortem examination of the reproductive tract confirmed the diagnosis in each case.     

种公牛精囊腺炎的诊治

影响奶牛业生产效率的主要因素有四个,即遗传育种、营养饲料、饲养管理和疫病防治。根据美国农业部统计的数十年来各种科学技术对奶牛业发展贡献率的分析,在这4类因素中,遗传育种的贡献最大,达到了40%。由此,优秀种公牛的优良特性可以得到最大程度的利用,1头公牛1年可生产3万支冻精,每次配种用2支,情期受胎率按60%计算,1头公牛每年     

Chlorpyrifos intoxication in a bull

A mature Brangus bull received the recommended dose of chlorpyrifos and became dull and inappetent 3 days later. Clinical findings included weakness, dehydration, rumen stasis, and rumen distention with fluid and gas. Blood cholinesterase activity was 25% of normal. The bull's condition improved after treatment with pralidoxime, antimicrobials, electrolyte solutions, vitamins, and adsorbents. Five weeks later, the bull had gained weight, the blood cholinesterase activity was 70% of normal, and the results of a semen evaluation indicated he was a satisfactory potential breeder.     

Narcolepsy in a Brahman bull

Behavioral, electrophysiologic, and pharmacologic tests were performed on a 2 1/2-year-old Brahman bull suspected of having narcolepsy. Placement on a tilt table or electroejaculation induced apparent sleep and cataplexy. Electrophysiologic recordings during the episodes revealed the low-voltage, high-frequency electroencephalogram, reduced electromyogram amplitude, and rapid eye movements in the electrooculogram associated with rapid eye movements sleep. Physostigmine salicylate appeared to elicit and potentiate the episodes, whereas atropine sulfate and imipramine reduced or blocked them. The combined results of the tests supported the diagnosis of narcolepsy.     

Echocardiographic,thoracic ultrasonographic,and CTA diagnosis of pericardial neoplasia in a dog

A 12-year-old male neutered Yorkshire Terrier presented for coughing and respiratory distress. Transthoracic echocardiography initially misdiagnosed the patient with pericardial effusion; repeat echocardiography increased suspicion for neoplasia. A definitive diagnosis was not apparent. Findings on thoracic computed tomography and thoracic ultrasound were consistent with a diffusely thickened, heterogenous, hypoechoic soft tissue structure surrounding the heart. Fine needle aspirates were obtained using ultrasound guidance and routine cytology of the intrapericardial mass was consistent with neoplasia, with pericardial mesothelioma most likely. These novel findings highlight the importance of thoracic ultrasound and potential limitations of echocardiography in diagnosis of pericardial neoplasia.     

Intracranial lymphosarcoma in a Holstein bull

A 2-year-old Holstein bull was examined because of decreased appetite. Clinical signs included head tilt, circling, head pressing, ptosis, hypesthesia of the face, and dysfunction of the parasympathetic component of cranial nerve III. Necropsy revealed intracranial lymphosarcoma.     

Echocardiographic diagnosis of an anomaly of the tricuspid valve in a male pygmy goat.

A 3-year-old male pygmy goat was evaluated because of a grade III/V plateau pansystolic murmur that was auscultated over the tricuspid valve area and a grade II/V plateau pansystolic murmur that was auscultated over the left heart base. Echocardiography revealed a large right atrium and ventricle, an atrial septal defect, and a dysplastic tricuspid valve displaced apically into the right ventricle. Contrast echocardiography and color-flow Doppler echocardiography revealed flow from right to left through the atrial septal defect and severe tricuspid regurgitation. A diagnosis of tricuspid valve dysplasia and severe tricuspid regurgitation was made. This anomaly (Ebstein's anomaly) of the tricuspid valve should be considered in goats that have systolic, with or without diastolic, murmurs over the tricuspic valve. Two-dimensional echocardiography can confirm the diagnosis of the anomaly. The associated tricuspid regurgitation and interatrial right-to-left shunt flow can be detected and semiquantitated by use of contrast, continuous wave, and color-flow Doppler echocardiography.