丙烯海松酸聚酯多元醇的合成及其性质研究

以丙烯海松酸为二元酸，与不同的二元醇进行缩聚反应制备丙烯海松酸聚酯多元醇。测定了不同聚酯多元醇的分子量，羟值，聚合度，官能度及粘度管理化参数，分析了产物的红外光谱及耐热性。研究结果表明，所得聚酯多元醇均可作为耐热多元醇原料使用。     

双马来海松酸酯多元醇的合成研究

利用马来海松酸中酸酐和羧基反应活性的差异，合成了两种类型的双马来海松酸酯多元醇．测试了酯化产物的分子量、聚合度、粘度、羟值和官能度等理化参数；并对各产物的耐热性和红外光谱进行了讨论．研究结果表明，所有酯化产物均可作为耐热的多元醇原料使用．     

三乙醇胺改性沙柳液化产物/异氰酸酯硬质泡沫材料研究

生物质多元醇液化产物与异氰酸酯等反应可制备硬质聚氨酯泡沫材料,而该类材料存在力学性能低、脆性大等缺点,使其应用领域受到限制.以沙柳多元醇液化产物为原料,与异氰酸酯(MDI)等共聚制备沙柳液化产物/异氰酸酯硬质泡沫材料(RPUF),研究添加不同质量分数交联剂三乙醇胺(TEOA)对RPUF物理力学、化学结构和热学特性的影响...     

油酸多元醇的合成研究

以可再生资源油酸和甘油为原料,双氧水为环氧化试剂,通过环氧、开环、酯化三步法合成油酸多元醇.考察了不同环氧化和酯化条件对油酸多元醇性能的影响.采用红外光谱(IR)和气质联用(GC-MS)对中间体和产物进行了结构及成分分析.结果表明,环氧化最佳条件为油酸0.1 mol,催化剂H2SO4 0.2 g,环氧化温度60℃,环氧...     

桐马酸酐酯多元醇的合成研究

以酮油为原料,合成了桐酸甲酯和桐马甲酯（桐酸甲酯和马来酐的加成物）等中间产物,再用过量的小分子二元醇与桐马甲酯进行酯化反应,制备了桐马酸酐酯多元醇。重点了不同反应条件对合成反应的影响,并对产物 红外光谱进行了解析。     

没食子酸改性氢化萜烯基环氧树脂多元醇的合成及性能研究

利用天然可再生资源没食子酸(GA)与氢化萜烯基环氧树脂(HTME)在一定条件下反应制备了环氧树脂基多元醇(HTME - GA多元醇).通过研究合成反应的影响因素,确定了HTME - GA多元醇的合成反应条件:以GA物质的量12.5倍的正丙醇为反应溶剂,以占HTME与GA总质量2%的季铵盐为催化剂,HTME与GA共沸回流反应3h.经FT - IR、NMR光谱表征了HTME - GA多元醇的化学结构,比较了该多元醇与聚己二异氰酸酯HN90T、改性聚己二异氰酸酯EC385的交联反应特性及交联产物性能.实验结果表明,HTME - GA多元醇与EC385的交联产物具有优良的机械力学性能,与HN90T的交联产物具有较好的耐液体介质性能和硬度,但后者柔韧性较差.随着NCO与OH物质的量比的增大,交联产物的硬度和耐液体介质性能提高.     

木质素胺基多元醇的合成及其化学结构表征

以木质素、二乙醇胺及甲醛为原料,通过Mannich反应合成木质素胺基多元醇,研究了反应温度、时间、pH值及物料配比等因素对产物羟值的影响。实验结果表明,反应物料按质量比m(二乙醇胺)∶m(木质素)为0.35∶1、物质的量比n(甲醛)∶n(二乙醇胺)为1.1∶1时,在反应体系pH值为11条件下,80℃反应2.5~3 h,产物的羟值最高,为279 mg/g。通过FT-IR及元素分析方法表征了木质素胺基多元醇的化学结构。     

玉米秸秆的催化热化学液化研究

研究了玉米秸秆在多元醇中的液化反应,讨论了不同反应条件的影响,并分析探讨了液化产物的性质及其组成成分随反应时间的变化.实验结果表明:玉米秸秆在聚乙二醇-丙三醇 (质量比80∶ 20) 的液化溶剂中,当催化剂H2 SO4质量分数为3%、液固质量比为10∶ 2,反应温度150℃时液化效率较高,液化反应180min后其残渣率仅为8.1%.在液化反应初期,玉米秸秆中的木质素已完全液化;随着液化反应时间的延长,其液化残渣率逐渐降低,液化产物的羟值在375 ~ 330mg/g间逐渐降低、酸值在13 ~ 27mg/g间逐渐增加;其重均相对分子质量(MW)为1200 ~ 1450.GC-MS分析表明,液化产物中主要含有多元醇的低聚合体,以及多元醇和玉米秸秆降解产物的氧化和酯化反应产生的羧酸及其酯.     

马来海松酸聚酯氨基烘漆的研制

用马来海检酸酯多元醇和氨基树交联，制备了马来海松酸聚酯氨基烘漆，重点讨论了不同原料组分及配固化条件等因素对漆膜性能的影响。性能测试表明，该类漆确定上仍较优异的性能。     

5种生物质的微波辅助多元醇液化研究

将杨木、杉木、毛竹、稻草和汉麻杆芯这5种生物质原料在微波辅助多元醇中进行单一液化和混合共液化,研究生物质原料种类对微波辅助多元醇液化行为的影响。结果表明:杨木和杉木容易液化,其次为毛竹和汉麻杆芯,稻草最难被液化;稻草液化产物的羟值最大,杉木液化产物的羟值最小,说明苯/乙醇抽提物和灰分含量对生物质的多元醇液化有显著的抑制作用。由于稻草液化效果不佳,只将杨木、杉木、毛竹和汉麻秆芯4种生物质混合,在液固比值为2.5和3时,混合生物质的共液化率分别为91%和95%,显著高于毛竹和汉麻杆芯的单一液化率;羟值居于4种单一生物质液化产物羟值的中间;混合共液化产物的化学组分与汉麻杆芯液化产物区别明显,表明混合生物质在多元醇共液化过程中存在协同作用,可以促进难于液化的单一生物质的液化反应。     

松香酸聚氧乙烯酯合成及性质研究

利用松香酸与环氧乙烷（ＥＯ）的缩合反应，合成了一系列具有不同ＥＯ加合数的松香酸聚氧乙烯酯（ＰＯＲＥ），并对其表面物理性质进行了测定，对反应机理进行了探讨。     

Effects of various stress treatments on growth and ethylene evolution in seedlings and sprouts of betula pendula Roth and B. pubescens Ehrh.

Experiments were conducted to determine growth and ethylene evolution in seedlings and coppiced plants of Betula pendula Roth and B. pubescens Ehrh. when subjected to stresses relevant to the maintenance of natural forests, and especially in fuelwood plantations, i.e. cutting of the stem, thinning, bending, flooding and various combinations of these. Most of the experiments were carried out in the laboratory using 1‐year‐old seedlings or 1‐month‐old sprouts. Height and diameter growth, biomass production, morphology and ethylene evolution were studied for 1–2 months. Material for comparison was obtained from young sprouts on the stumps of fully developed trees growing under natural conditions and natural seedlings of a comparable age. Exposure of seedlings and coppiced plants to stress factors usually altered growth and increased ethylene evolution. Cutting of the stem and thinning had similar effects in that they stimulated transient ethylene evolution by both roots and stems. Bending retarded the height growth to some extent, while increasing the ethylene content especially on the lower side of the horizontal stem. Flooding arrested height growth and increased ethylene evolution in the roots. The two species reacted basically in similar ways, but B. pendula produced more ethylene. though at a slower rate, and also showed a more pronounced retardation of growth. The sprouts had a higher ethylene content than the seedlings and also increased their ethylene evolution more rapidly. The changes in ethylene evolution and growth are discussed from the point of view of the resilience of the plants and as an indication of stress factors in experimental plots.     

DSC法研究高氯酸钾的催化热分解反应

采用热分析方法研究了氧化剂高氯酸钾(KP)的热分解特性和一些过渡金属氧化物(TMO)对KP热分解反应的催化作用,并对过渡金属氧化物的催化机理作了初步的探讨.结果表明,钴氧化物、铜氧化物和铁氧化物对KP的热分解反应均有催化作用,它们的催化活性顺序为Co>Cu>Fe.     

Physiological, morphological and anatomical responses of Fraxinus mandshurica seedlings to flooding

Two-year-old Fraxinus mandshurica Rupr. var. japonica Maxim. seedlings were flooded to 8 cm above soil level for 70 days. The flooding treatment altered the growth, morphology, stem anatomy and ethylene production of the seedlings. Although flooding did not affect height growth, it stimulated diameter growth of the submerged stems by increasing both the number and size of wood fibers produced; however, the thickness of the cell walls of the wood fibers was reduced by flooding. In response to the flooding treatment, the seedlings formed abundant hyperhydric tissues, originating from the vicinity of lenticels on the surface of the flooded stems, and adventitious roots, which grew through the hyperhydric tissues. Aerenchyma tissues were observed in the bark of the adventitious roots. The flooding treatment did not affect dry weight increment of leaves and stems, but it reduced the total dry weight increment of the root system even though it promoted adventitious root formation. Flooding also enhanced ethylene production in the submerged portions of stems. The potential roles of flood-induced ethylene in cambial growth and adventitious root formation in flooded plants are discussed.     

Role of polyamines in peach fruit development and storage

To investigate the role of polyamines in pre- and post-harvest fruit development of 'Akatsuki' peach (Prunus persica (L.) Batsch.) we measured polyamine concentrations, activities of polyamine biosynthetic enzymes and expression of genes encoding these enzymes. Concentrations of the free polyamines, putrescine (Put), spermidine (Spd) and spermine (Spm) in pre-harvest fruit peaked 16 days after full bloom (DAF) and then progressively decreased until harvest with the exception of Put, which showed a second peak at 94 DAF, just before the onset of ethylene production. In post-harvest fruit, minor changes in concentrations of Spd and Spm were observed, whereas Put concentration peaked on the harvest day, followed by an abrupt decrease and a subsequent 2-fold increase, which was opposite to the fluctuating pattern of ethylene production. Activities of arginine decarboxylase (ADC) and ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) peaked during the first stage of fruit development and then decreased until 80 DAF, after which the activities were below detection limits, suggesting that Put is synthesized during the early stage of fruit development. Activity of S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase (SAMDC) decreased progressively until the end of S2. Expression levels of five putative polyamine biosynthetic genes, ADC, ODC, SAMDC, spermidine synthase (SPDS) and spermine synthase (SPMS), in pre-harvest and post-harvest fruit did not coincide precisely with the observed changes in enzymatic activities and polyamine concentrations. The possible role of polyamines during peach fruit development and the relationship between polyamines and ethylene biosynthesis are discussed.     

Effects of Natural Weathering on A Wood Fiber/HDPE Composite and Application of Additives

In this study,the durability of rubber wood(Hevea brasiliensis) which was thermally treated at 170,185,200,and 215℃for 3 h respectively was investigated.The results showed that the durability of heat-treated rubber wood was improved,and the improvement became more obvious with the increase of the treating temperature. When treated at 185℃or lower temperature,the decay resistance of treated wood had no significant improvement.The lowest weight losses were 21.6%and 6.8%after attack by brown rot fungi(Gloeophyllum trabeum) and white rot fungi (Coriolus versicolor) respectively,which were reached by the specimens treated at 215℃.Their resistance to mold fungi was not improved,but the heat-treated wood performed better than untreated wood when both were painted.In field test,the heat-treated specimens exhibited no advantage in termite resistance compared to untreated.     

自然老化对木粉/HDPE复合材性能的影响及添加剂的应用

研究木粉/高密度聚乙烯(WF/HDPE)复合材在不同朝向的自然老化条件下使用时颜色与表面化学成分的变化,并分析采用光稳定剂、抗氧剂和颜料作为防老化剂的效果.户外使用的木粉/HDPE复合材在夏天暴晒1个月颜色就会发生明显变化,南面和东面更加显著,红外分析表明:复合材料表面C=O增加、木材指数下降,有氧化现象发生.人工加速稳定老化检测结果表明:与抗氧剂和光稳定剂相比,颜料的使用对减小变色有明显作用,但颜料、抗氧剂和光老化剂3种助剂对延缓WF/HDPE复合材的抗弯性能下降没有起到明显作用.     

Interaction between indole-3-acetic acid and ethylene in the control of tracheid production in detached shoots of Abies balsamea

We investigated the interaction between indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and ethylene in the regulation of the seasonal periodicity of tracheid production in 1-year-old balsam fir (Abies balsamea (L.) Mill.) cuttings collected at different times during the dormant period. The cuttings were left with their buds intact or were debudded and treated either apically with IAA or 2-chloroethylphosphonic acid (Ethrel) in lanolin, laterally with IAA or Ethrel in lanolin, or basally with Ethrel, Co(2+) or Ag(+) in deionized water. The treated cuttings were then cultured for up to 5 weeks under controlled environment conditions favorable for cambial growth. No change in ethylene evolution was detected during the rest-quiescence transition, when IAA-induced tracheid production increased. The induction of cambial reactivation by IAA was associated with a rise in ethylene evolution, but there was no consistent relationship among IAA concentration, tracheid number and ethylene emission. Neither Ethrel, Co(2+) nor Ag(+) affected tracheid production when applied basally, except for 10 and 100 micro M Ethrel and 100 micro M Co(2+), which were inhibitory. In contrast, ethylene evolution was promoted by Ethrel and inhibited by Co(2+), whereas Ag(+) had no effect. Similarly, applying Ethrel apically or laterally increased ethylene evolution, but did not promote tracheid production except in the treatment in which 1 mg Ethrel g(-1) lanolin was applied laterally to cuttings treated apically with 0.1 mg IAA g(-1) lanolin, and in the treatment in which 10 mg Ethrel g(-1) lanolin was applied laterally to budded cuttings. We conclude that (1) ethylene evolution is not specifically associated with IAA-induced tracheid production, (2) ethylene does not mimic the promoting effect of IAA on tracheid production, and (3) ethylene can promote tracheid production, but only when its application results in a localized unphysiologically high concentration in the cambial region, which, in turn, induces an accumulation of IAA.     

观赏凤梨催花栽培试验

文章对4个观赏凤梨常规品种进行不同催花剂、不同乙烯利浓度、不同处理温度的催花试验及基质对植株生长影响的试验。结果表明：乙烯利对凤梨催花效果显著,开花株率最高,花穗高度短;催花处理时的平均温度越高,诱导花芽发育的时间越短;各品种对乙烯利不同浓度的催花表现不同,在500,600,700mg／L浓度范围。彩苞凤梨开花率随乙烯利浓度的升高而降低,大红星凤梨、擎天凤梨和虎尾凤梨的开花率则随乙烯利浓度的升高而增高。基质以树皮80％＋松林下表土20％栽培效果最佳。     

太白山北坡森林土壤性质的研究

研究了太白山北坡森林土壤垂直带谱中褐土、山地棕壤、山地暗棕壤和森林草甸土的形态特征、腐殖质组成、颗粒组成、交换性能、氧化铁特征及粘粒矿物组成等,以阐明各土类的特性及其垂直变化规律。