湘江流域岳麓山周边地区地表水体水化学特征及灌溉适宜性

[目的] 对湘江流域岳麓山地区地表水体进行水化学特征分析及灌溉适宜性评价,为该地区的生态环境保护及水资源综合管理的科学决策提供理论支持。[方法] 以岳麓山周边地区为研究区,从2020年12月至2021年11月采集降水、山涧溪水和湘江河水水样,利用Piper图、Gibbs图、端元图等方法,分析各水体水化学特征以及影响因素。[结果] 降水主要阴阳离子为Ca²⁺,K⁺,SO^2-₄和NO^-₃,无明显水化学类型;山涧溪水主要阴阳离子为Ca²⁺和NO^-₃,主要水化学类型为Cl-Ca·Mg型和Cl-Ca型;湘江河水主要阴阳离子为Ca²⁺和HCO^-₃,主要水化学类型为HCO₃-Ca型。山涧溪水主要受大气降水输入和碳酸盐岩风化控制;湘江河水受碳酸盐岩风化作用影响较大。[结论] Na⁺离子含量,SAR和RSC指标以及其绘制USSL图和Wilcox图分析结果较好,山涧溪水和湘江河水适合用于灌,不易引起盐害或碱害。     

浙江省灵江流域地表水化学特征及灌溉适宜性

[目的] 灵江是浙南诸河流域重要河流,在浙南一带具有典型性和代表性。分析灵江流域地表水体的水化学特征和演化机理及其灌溉适宜性,为该区域生态保护和高质量发展提供科学依据。[方法] 综合利用数理统计、Piper三线图、主成分分析和离子比等方法对流域地表水体进行水化学统计分析及成因判别;通过绘制Wilcox图和USSL图评估流域内地表水体灌溉适宜性。[结果] ① 灵江流域地表水的化学类型在空间上具有分带性。从中上游(Ⅰ区)-下游温黄平原河网区(Ⅱ区)-台州湾入海口(Ⅲ区)水化学类型从HCO₃-Ca型向Cl-Na型过渡。②Ⅰ区地表水的化学特征主要受到岩石风化作用中的硅酸盐岩溶解影响,少量受碳酸盐岩溶解影响;Ⅱ区地表水的水化学特征主要受硅酸盐岩溶解影响,Ⅲ区地表水的化学特征主要受蒸发盐岩溶解影响。③Ⅰ,Ⅱ区地表水的K⁺,Na⁺主要来源于硅酸盐矿物溶解,Ca²⁺,Mg²⁺,HCO^-₃,SO^-2₄主要受硅酸盐岩溶解,少量来源于碳酸盐岩的溶解。NO^-₃则主要来源于人类活动。④Ⅰ,Ⅱ区地表水适用于农业灌溉,Ⅲ区地表水灌溉适宜性较差,易引起盐碱害。[结论] 灵江流域地表水体的水化学组分受天然溶解及人类活动共同影响,中上游和下游温黄平原河网区地表水适宜农业灌溉,台州湾入海口地表水易引起盐碱害,在制定农业灌溉及生态保护和高质量发展规划时应予以重视。     

克拉玛依人工碳汇林区景观地球化学特征与规律

以克拉玛依人工碳汇林区的土壤可溶性盐分离子、地下水矿化度和植被为研究对象, 综合运用描述性统计和相关性分析等方法, 研究其景观地球化学特征, 旨在通过对克拉玛依人工碳汇林区的景观地球化学特征的研究, 为这一地区盐渍化土壤改良和沙漠化防治提供理论依据。结果表明: 克拉玛依人工碳汇林区土壤Cl^-、SO₄^2-、Ca²⁺在0~80 cm范围内变异系数较大, 80~100 cm范围内, 土壤总盐和各离子变异系数相对较小; 盐分表聚现象严重; 该地区盐土类型主要是硫酸盐型, 其中SO₄^2-和Na⁺+K⁺为土壤可溶性盐的主要成分。研究区地下水呈弱碱性, 除HCO₃^-外, 其他离子和矿化度表现出较强的变异性; 地下水的化学类型主要为Cl·SO₄-Na, 矿化度和Cl^-、SO₄^2-、Na⁺+K⁺相关系数较为显著。种植人工碳汇林后, 除土壤HCO₃^-含量有轻微上升外, 其他离子均有所下降, 其中SO₄^2-含量的降低趋势最为明显。俄罗斯杨林分土壤含盐量随种植年限的增长明显降低, 种植后的土壤盐渍化状况有明显改善。     

塔里木河流域地表水和地下水的转化关系

[目的] 探究塔里木河流域地表水和地下水的转化关系,为该流域水资源形成机制研究和促进水资源合理开发利用提供科学依据。[方法] 以氧同位素（δ¹⁸O）作为示踪剂,采用稳定同位素技术和水化学原理分析了塔里木河流域地表水与地下水转化关系。2018年沿塔里木河上、中、下游采集了90组地表水样和地下水样,并测量相应的氘氧稳定同位素和水化学离子（Cl^-,SO₄^2-,HCO₃^-,Ca²⁺,Mg²⁺,Na⁺）,运用Gibbs图和Piper三线图探测了塔里木河流域地上和地下水化学特征及其转化关系。[结果] ①地下水和河水的δ¹⁸O值具有不同的变化情况：地下水δ¹⁸O值随着流向呈现明显的逐渐富集特点,而地表水则变化较小。通过总溶解固体（total dissolved solids,TDS）的沿程分析可知,对于上游地下水而言,由于河水下渗补给,加上侧向径流影响,δ¹⁸O呈现了大幅下降。随着河水补给的增加,其值不断富集。对于地表水而言,随着流向其δ¹⁸O值逐渐下降,此时地下水呈现富集,说明此时期地下水能够对地表水产生补给。②根据地下水和河水测试数据分别建立地下水线和河水线方程,且二者斜率均小于大气降水线斜率,说明地下水和河水同位素组成受到一定程度蒸发作用影响。③塔里木河上游地下水向地表水补给平均速率为1.76 m³/（d·m）,中游地下水向地表水补给平均速率为1.71 m³/（d·m）,下游地下水向地表水补给平均速率为1.65 m³/（d·m）。[结论] 地表水—地下水的频繁转化是塔里木河流域水资源循环的主要特征,地下水补给是河流水资源的主要补给来源。     

氢氧化铁对土壤水浸液的澄清和NO2-测定的增敏作用

本文对浑浊的土壤水浸液必须使用的澄清剂进行了选择确定。对于澄清液在NO₂^--对氨基苯磺酸-α荼胺显色体系中所表现出来的增敏作用做出较全面的深入研究。ε值由4.60×10⁴提高到1.28×10⁵,应用于样品分析,SRD=1.34。     

长江源区沱沱河流域1961-2011年径流特征及其对降水的滞后效应

[目的]分析51 a来长江源区沱沱河流域径流量在降水的年代、年代际、季节等时间尺度上的变化,以及径流对降水的滞后效应,为流域水资源管理和利用提供理论依据。[方法]利用1961-2011年长江源区沱沱河流域沱沱河水文站和气象站的径流量和降水数据,在此基础上结合累积距平、变差系数、集中度、集中期等统计方法开展分析研究。[结果]沱沱河流域51 a来年际及四季径流量均呈增加趋势,其中年际、春季、夏季增加显著,气候倾向率分别为1.00×10⁸ m³/10 a,6.00×10⁶ m³/10 a,6.30×10⁷ m³/10 a;径流量和降雨量主要集中在5-10月,尤其集中在7月下旬至8月中旬之间。径流量与降水之间存在极显著的相关性;径流对降水均具有滞后效应,多年平均滞后时间为10 d左右,且滞后天数随着时间的推移呈扩大趋势。[结论]近51 a来研究区径流量和降水量的变化趋势均呈增加趋势,径流对降水具有10 d左右的滞后效应。     

水生生态系统服务功能与辐射效应——以河南省洛阳市为例

[目的] 分析区域水生生态系统服务功能的价值变化和辐射效应,为区域水资源可持续发展和流域生态补偿提供科学依据。[方法] 利用ArcGIS软件对2000—2020年河南省洛阳市土地利用数据进行提取得到水域类型面积,采用能值方法对水生生态系统服务功能进行量化,并分析其变化。同时通过断裂点模型分析其功能辐射。[结果] 2000—2020年洛阳市水生生态服务总能值分别为8.01×10²¹sej, 1.29×10²²sej, 1.27×10²²sej, 1.29×10²²sej, 1.31×10²²sej,总体上呈增长趋势。其中,服务构成重心已由供给功能向文化功能偏移,系统中生物多样性保护、水产品生产、水资源供给、水资源调蓄和休闲娱乐功能居于支配地位,且休闲娱乐功能已成为核心功能。此外,洛阳市水生生态系统服务功能主要转出地区为嵩县和洛宁县,向外转移总量分别为3.10×10²⁰sej和3.21×10²⁰sej,主要转入地区为栾川县、宜阳县、伊川县及汝阳县。[结论] 在洛阳市同类地区,需要重视水生态保护,加大对区域旅游事业的扶持引导,同时合理地进行流域内生态补偿,促进各地区经济、社会、生态协调发展。     

黄河中游典型支流无定河流域水土流失动态监测

[目的] 探索黄河中游典型的粗泥沙支流无定河的水土流失分布和动态变化特征,为新时期水土保持工作、生态环境建设和流域高质量发展提供科学依据。[方法] 以无定河流域为例,基于1985,1999,2011年3次普查和2019年全国水土流失动态监测成果,提取年度水土流失强度、面积,分析其时空分布及动态变化特征,并采用Mann-kendall检验,基于水文数据,分析1980—2018年流域水沙变化特征。[结果] 2019年无定河流域水土流失面积1.20×10⁴ km²,以水力侵蚀为主,风力侵蚀主要集中分布在流域北部的风沙区。下游干流（白家川—绥德+丁家沟段）、小黑河绥德以上的输沙模数超过流域平均水平的3倍,是主要的泥沙策源地;水土流失面积较1985年减少1.40×10⁴ km²,减幅为53.87%,输沙量和径流量均呈现出减小的趋势,拐点分别出现在2007年和1996年。空间上,风力侵蚀由1985年的集中连片分布转为零星分布,水力侵蚀空间位置分布与1985年相比基本无变化,但干流赵石窑至流域出口段左岸侵蚀强度有所降低。[结论] 无定河流域水土保持工作成效显著,有效遏制了土壤侵蚀,生态环境整体向好。但流域水土流失依旧严重,未来工作中,应结合历史水土保持工作经验,突出工作重点,进一步加强无定河流域水土流失综合治理。     

1999-2018年黄河源区水土流失动态变化

[目的] 研究1999—2018年黄河源区土壤侵蚀强度等级变化及空间分布情况,为该区生态环境建设和水土流失治理提供数据支撑。[方法] 利用1999,2011,2018年水土流失动态监测成果,开展黄河源区水土流失动态变化分析。[结果] 黄河源区水土流失面积表现为先增加后减少,与1999年相比,2011年水土流失面积增加1.89×10⁴ km²,增幅126%,2018年水土流失面积增加1.01×10⁴ km²,增幅67.33%。从空间数据来看,与1999年相比,77.97%的区域土壤侵蚀强度等级未发生变化,19.33%的区域土壤侵蚀强度等级降低,2.7%的区域土壤侵蚀强度等级增加。[结论] 水土流失面积增加主要与区域暖干化和人类活动引起的草场退化有关。应实施一批重大生态保护修复和建设工作,提升草场质量,改善区域生态环境。     

基于稳定同位素和贝叶斯模型的引黄灌区地下水硝酸盐污染源解析

地下水硝酸盐（NO₃^-）污染已经成为全球严重的水环境问题之一,由于饮用水中高含量NO₃^-会转化成亚硝酸盐而增加各种疾病和癌症风险,其来源的确定对于NO₃^-污染的预防和控制非常重要。本文以黄河下游第二大灌区——潘庄灌区为例,首次采用NO₃^-的氮氧稳定同位素结合贝叶斯模型追溯地下水NO₃^-的来源并量化各种来源的贡献比例。结果表明,地下水NO₃^-含量分布在0.1~197.0 mg·L^-1,平均值为34.2 mg·L^-1。与《生活饮用水卫生标准》中规定的地下水NO₃^-最大含量[20 mg（N）·L^-1,相当于NO₃^-含量90 mg·L^-1]相比,有10%的样品NO₃^-含量超标。井深<30 m、30~60 m和>60 m的地下水NO₃^-平均含量分别为25.9 mg·L^-1、39.7 mg·L^-1和20.1 mg·L^-1。空间上,宁津县、武城县、平原县和禹城市有大片区域地下水NO₃^-含量较高。地下水NO₃^-的δ¹⁵N组成范围为0.72‰~23.93‰,平均值为11.62‰;δ¹⁸O组成范围为0.49‰~22.50‰,平均值为8.46‰。同位素结果表明粪便和污水、农业化肥是地下水中NO₃^-的主要污染来源。这反映了人类活动是引起地下水NO₃^-污染的主要原因。贝叶斯模型结果显示,粪便和污水对潘庄灌区地下水中NO₃^-平均贡献率高达56.2%,化肥的平均贡献率为19.3%,大气降水和土壤的平均贡献率分别为6.2%和12.3%。由于污水、粪便和化肥是地下水中NO₃^-的主要来源,为保护和改善研究区地下水水质,建议加强污水管道建设,强化畜禽粪便的管理以及提高化肥利用效率。     

低氮和干旱胁迫对富士和秦冠生长及氮素利用的影响

【目的】以富士（Fuji）、 秦冠（Qinguan）嫁接在平邑甜茶（Malus hupehensis Rehd.）上的当年生盆栽苗为试验材料,采用砂培方法,研究了缺氮胁迫和干旱对富士和秦冠生长情况、 光合参数、 植株各部位氮磷钾含量及氮素利用效率的影响,分析比较了低氮干旱条件下富士和秦冠生长及氮素利用的差异,以期为果树生产高效肥水利用提供理论指导。【方法】试验共设四个处理: 正常氮正常水（ZZ）、 低氮正常水（DZ）、 正常氮干旱（ZG）、 低氮干旱（DG）。氮素和水分均设置两个水平,分别为正常氮（6 mmol/L NO-3-N）、 低氮（0.3 mmol/LNO-3-N）、 正常供水（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的80%~85%）、 干旱处理（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的60%~65%）。【结果】富士和秦冠的生物量（茎和叶）、 株高茎粗等生长指标以及光合速率、 气孔导度、 蒸腾速率均为正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）,并且相对应处理下秦冠的以上指标均高于富士;正常供水下,缺氮处理使富士、 秦冠的根冠比比正常氮处理均有所增加,富士提高了2.05%,秦冠提高了22.40%。富士和秦冠的氮、 磷、 钾含量均表现出正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）; 氮、 钾元素含量在植株各部位的分布顺序依次是叶＞根＞茎,磷元素则是根＞叶＞茎;光合氮素利用效率（PNUE）和氮素利用效率表现为秦冠处理之间差异极显著,富士处理之间差异不显著;秦冠的PNUE和NUE明显高于富士,在低氮正常水（DZ）处理下,秦冠氮肥利用率比富士高42.07%,在低氮干旱（DG）处理下高64.14%;低氮胁迫下富士和秦冠的NUE显著提高,并且秦冠提高的幅度高于富士。【结论】施用氮肥能够显著提高富士与秦冠的干物质量,同等水肥条件下,秦冠生长优于富士;水分亏缺会减少叶片对氮的吸收,干旱条件下适度增施氮肥,可提高果树的抗旱能力;低氮干旱胁迫下秦冠的生长指标、 光合指标及氮素利用效率指标均优于富士,表现出较强的抗低氮干旱胁迫的能力。     

Pasture Vegetation Elemental Analysis by Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy

Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a new technique for the analysis of plant material. This study investigates the application of LIBS to pasture-based plant samples. The LIBS measurements were obtained from pelletized pasture samples (100 samples) that had been also analyzed by inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) following microwave digestion for calibration and comparison purposes. Comparisons for elements sodium (Na), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), boron (B), phosphorus (P), and sulfur (S) showed that LIBS could be used for almost all the standard profile total elements with concentrations down to low mg/kg levels (observed error of Na: 0.024 percent, K: 0.18 percent, Mg: 0.016 percent, Ca: 0.073 percent, P: 0.017 percent, Mn: 31 mg/kg, Fe: 150 mg/kg, Zn: 6.6 mg/kg, and B: 1.1 mg/kg). Elemental analysis at less than mg/kg levels was not possible using LIBS. The elements S and Cu were particularly difficult to analyze with reliability using LIBS at the concentration levels found in the plant samples. Replacing microwave digestion and subsequent ICP analysis with a direct analysis of dried plant samples using LIBS has the potential to improve the productivity and reduce the cost of testing.     

Faculty positions:Center for Agricultural Resources Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences

正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology,     

Biodiversity and ecogeography of wild Lactuca spp. in some European countries

Staff members of the Department of Botany of Palacký University in Olomouc and Gene Bank Department – Workplace Olomouc, Research Institute of Crop Production in Prague, Czech Republic, conducted an expedition in seven European countries (Austria, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Switzerland) in August/September 1999 to collect wild Lactuca spp. germplasm and study its geographic distribution, ecology and biodiversity. During the mission, more than 600 locations were visited resulting in the collection of 602 seed samples (accessions) of wild Lactuca species and 13 seed samples of related genera (Chondrilla and Mycelis). Lactuca serriola f. serriola, L. serriola f. integrifolia, L. saligna and L. viminea subsp. chondrilliflora were prevalent in southern Europe (Italy, France), however, only L. serriola was common in central and western Europe (Austria, Czech Republic, Germany, Netherlands, Switzerland). The greatest diversity of Lactuca species was found in France, where also the most seed samples (165) were collected. The most characteristic habitats with a high density of Lactuca spp. populations were observed along roads and highways, grassy ditches, ruderal communities, and dust-heaps. Natural infections by powdery mildew (Erysiphe cichoracearum) and downy mildew (Bremia lactucae) on some wild Lactuca spp. were observed. Recent observations concerning the geographic distribution, population structure, habitats, and natural occurrence of diseases of Lactuca spp. are discussed. This assemblage of genetic resources of Lactuca spp. can serve as the basis of future studies of species diversification, spatial population structure, plant microevolution, domestication processes, and genetic variability of host-parasite interactions.     

Macroinvertebrates in North American tallgrass prairie soils: effects of fire, mowing, and fertilization on density and biomass

The responses of tallgrass prairie plant communities and ecosystem processes to fire and grazing are well characterized. However, responses of invertebrate consumer groups, and particularly soil-dwelling organisms, to these disturbances are not well known. At Konza Prairie Biological Station, we sampled soil macroinvertebrates in 1994 and 1999 as part of a long-term experiment designed to examine the effects and interactions of annual fire, mowing, and fertilization (N and P) on prairie soil communities and processes. For nearly all taxa, in both years, responses were characterized by significant treatment interactions, but some general patterns were evident. Introduced European earthworms (Aporrectodea spp. and Octolasion spp.) were most abundant in plots where fire was excluded, and the proportion of the total earthworm community consisting of introduced earthworms was greater in unburned, unmowed, and fertilized plots. Nymphs of two Cicada genera were collected (Cicadetta spp. and Tibicen spp.). Cicadetta nymphs were more abundant in burned plots, but mowing reduced their abundance. Tibicen nymphs were collected almost exclusively from unburned plots. Treatment effects on herbivorous beetle larvae (Scarabaeidae, Elateridae, and Curculionidae) were variable, but nutrient additions (N or P) usually resulted in greater densities, whereas mowing usually resulted in lower densities. Our results suggest that departures from historical disturbance regimes (i.e. frequent fire and grazing) may render soils more susceptible to increased numbers of European earthworms, and that interactions between fire, aboveground biomass removal, and vegetation responses affect the structure and composition of invertebrate communities in tallgrass prairie soils.     

Properties of anaerobically digested and composted municipal solid waste assessed by linking soil mesofauna dynamics and nitrogen modelling

We have studied the effect of anaerobically digested (ADMSW) and composted municipal solid waste (CMSW) on mineralization and foodweb dynamics to verify the hypothesis that ADMSW would immobilize N right after addition to soil in contrast to addition with CMSW. Another hypothesis was that the mesofauna (enchytraeids and microarthropods) would stimulate N release from the decomposer community. We measured excretion of -N and urea-N from the mesofauna and hypothesized that enchytraeids would release urea. ADMSW and CMSW were amended to pots with sandy loam and barley. The pots were divided into treatments with or without mesofauna. Mesofauna, plant N and biomass, soil N and ergosterol (fungal biomass) were measured over a 113-day period of four equidistant samplings. Soil respiration, N mineralization and N release by the mesofauna were modelled from concurrent studies. ADMSW- and CMSW-treated soils initially (<20 days) immobilized N. The amendments did not increase plant growth substantially, and this was probably due to N-limitation in the early stages of plant growth. Enchytraeid abundance was about three times higher in ADMSW- than CMSW-treated soils, indicating that ADMSW contained more labile compounds, bacteria, and microfauna. The mesofauna did not affect N-content, but the cumulated -N excreted by the mesofauna was estimated to be substantial and about one-fifth of total plant N in ADMSW. An explanation for this discrepancy might be that in the absence of the mesofauna, other members of the detrivore and microbivore community performed the mesofauna’s function. Neither enchytraeids nor microarthropods excreted urea.     

Faculty positions: Center for Agricultural Resources Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences

正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology,     

Faculty positions: Center for Agricultural Resources Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences

正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology,     

Variation in quality parameters between and within 14 Nordic tree fruit and berry species

Abstract

A 3-year study was carried out to investigate quality parameters in 14 tree fruit and berry species grown in southern Norway. The species were blueberry, apple, aronia, sour cherry, sweet cherry, red raspberry, strawberry, blackcurrant, gooseberry, red currant and elderberry, harvested along with wild bilberry, cloudberry and lingonberry. Significant differences between species were identified for all quality parameters. The coefficient of variation between species was lowest for pH (12.5%), dry matter (18.9%) and soluble solids (25.3%), followed by titratable acids (59.3%), total phenolics (83.8%), antioxidant capacity FRAP (85.7%) and antiradical power by the DPPH-assay (97.8%), total monomeric anthocyanins (132%) and ascorbic acid (137%). Average coefficient of variation within species were lower and ranged from 4 (pH) to 62% (ascorbic acid). Only the FRAP values were significantly affected by harvesting year with lower levels in 2004 than in 2005 and 2006. There were significant interactions between species and harvesting year for dry matter, soluble solids, pH, ascorbic acid and FRAP. The results indicate generic ranges in composition within species independent upon growing location and climate, and the composition of the tree fruits and berries is not likely to deviate from these ranges. It is concluded that desirable composition of tree fruits and berries and their products should primarily be achieved by selection among species rather than searching fors broadened variation within individual species.     

Potassium Fixation and Release Characteristics in Rhizosphere and Nonrhizosphere Soils for a Rapeseed–Rice Cropping Sequence

Potassium (K) fixation and release in soil are important factors in the long-term sustainability of a cropping system. Changes in K concentration and characteristics of K fixation and release in rhizosphere and nonrhizosphere soils in the rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)–rice (Oryza sativa L.) rotation were investigated using a rhizobox system. The concentrations of different forms of K in both rhizosphere and nonrhizosphere soils decreased with plants compared to without plants, regardless of K fertilizer application. Potassium uptake by crops mainly came from the rhizosphere soil. In the treatment without K fertilizer (–K), the main form of K supplied by the soil to the crops was 1.0 mol L^?1 nitric acid (HNO₃) nonextractable K, followed by nonexchangeable K, and then exchangeable K. In the treatment with K fertilizer (+K), the main K forms supplied by the soil to the crops were exchangeable K and nonexchangeable K. The amount and rate of K fixation after one cycle of the rapeseed–rice rotation was greater in rhizosphere soil than in nonrhizosphere soil. The amount and rate of K fixation of soil in the +K treatment were significantly less than in the –K treatment. The cumulative amounts of K released with 1.0 mol L^?1 ammonium acetate (NH₄OAc) and 1.0 mol L^?1 HNO₃ extraction increased with the increasing numbers of extractions, but the K-releasing power of soil by successive extraction decreased gradually and finally became almost constant. The release of K was less in rhizosphere soil than in nonrhizosphere soil. The release of K in the +K treatment was similar to that in the –K treatment in rhizosphere soil, but the K release in nonrhizosphere soil was greater with the +K than the –K treatment. Overall, the information obtained in this study will be helpful in formulating more precise K fertilizer recommendations for certain soils.