中国绿色林产品贸易与投资倡议——国际市场的变化和应对新形势下企业的转型与升级

绿色发展背景下,林业发展与林产品市场和贸易新形势与要求:1.开展负责任地、可持续地保护和利用森林资源,已成为国际社会共识。2.生产合法而可持续的林产品,推动绿色林产品贸易与投资成为全球林产品市场的发展趋势与要求。3.开展绿色林产品生产、贸易和投资,是中国林产品企业发展的必由之路。     

世界非木材林产品的现状及其发展趋势

随着科学技术的进步和森林综合效益的提高,非木材林产品在促进当地社区的经济发展、保护生态环境和促进林业可持续发展方面的作用日益突出。文中介绍了世界几个国家非木材林产品的生产利用、研究情况;分析了目前非木材林产品开发利用中存在的问题并提出了相应的对策;最后预测了非木材林产品的发展趋势。     

全球木质林产品贸易现状及发展趋势分析(二)

一、全球林产品贸易影响因素分析 1.全球经济发展现状 2.全球房地产发展现状 3.影响全球林产品贸易的相关政策和法律法规 二、全球林产品贸易现况 联合国粮农组织(FAO)的统计数据显示,经历了2008-2009年全球经济衰退以后,2010-2014年全球主要林产品(包括工业原木、锯材、人造板、纸和纸浆)的产量都呈现稳定上升的态势.林产品生产和消费恢复最显著的区域是亚太地区、拉丁美洲和加勒比海地区,以及北美地区.     

中国负责任林产品贸易与投资联盟

随着经济全球化进程的加剧,以气候变化为代表的全球生态环境问题日益突出,人类赖以生存的环境受到严重威胁.开展负责任经营和利用森林资源,选择生态环境与人类社会和谐共进的可持续发展道路是国际社会的共识.生产合法和可持续性的绿色林产品,推动绿色林产品贸易和投资已成为各方共同努力的目标,也成为国际林产品贸易的准则与趋势.开展绿色林产品生产、贸易和投资,是中国林产品企业发展的必由之路.中国作为负责任的大国,须承担起相应的环境责任,共同致力于打击非法采伐和林产品贸易.     

龙陵县非木质林产品的采集利用与管理对策研究

龙陵县非木质林产品种类繁多,包括香料类、食用类、药用类、树脂类、野生观赏植物及花卉类.文中分析了龙陵县非木质林产品没有形成规模化生产,生产加工种类少,利用程度低,掠夺式的采集活动导致野生资源遭到毁灭性破坏等非木质产品开发、采集与利用现状.进一步分析了非木质林产品的不合理采集利用对森林可持续利用产生的影响,包括森林植被遭到破坏,导致森林功能退化,生物多样性减少,危及野生动物栖息地等.藉此,提出开展村民生态环境保护意识教育,防止野生资源过度采集,注重非木质林产品深加工,提高产品附加值,加大人工培育和技术投入等非木质林产品采集利用管理对策.     

StudyontheForestProductsInformationCirculationChannel

本文对中国林产品生产及流通企业信息现状进行了系统的分析，并对这些企业对林产品生产和流通信息的要求进行了深入的探讨，同时阐述了建立林产品流通信息新渠道的可行性和建立新的流通渠道的内容和功能．新的林产品流通信息渠道是在应用计算机网络技术的基础上建立的，新的信息渠道能够给林产品生产和流通企业提供及时、准确、全面和有效的信息，这些信息将对促进我国林产品流通事业的发展起到积极的推动作用．     

山西省森林食品资源现状及发展对策

从可食林产品资源现况、可食林产品生产现状2个方面介绍山西省可食林产品的发展状况,指出了山西省可食林产品生产企业存在认证机构短缺、生产规模小、产业链短、营销理念差等问题,并从7个方面提出了山西省森林食品的发展对策与措施。     

中国林产品贸易形势与人造板产业发展趋势分析

全球林产品贸易形势 全球林产品贸易总量和贸易总额经过恢复性增长后有所回落,出现了新的增长性趋势(图1). 全球林产品贸易格局正在调整 欧美发达国家在高端产品领域继续占据着制高点,欧洲和北美洲仍是林产品贸易的主体,但其份额占比逐渐收窄.亚洲成为林产品贸易发展的重要区域,木材贸易额已超过北美,在各大洲中位居世界第二位.中国已是全球第一大木材进口国、人造板出口国和林产品贸易国,而越南、马来西亚和印尼等正在成为中国在林产品生产领域的主要竞争者.俄罗斯、南美、非洲、太平洋岛国等传统木材资源出口国,正利用其森林资源优势,逐步减少原木出口,加快产业结构调整,发展自己的木材加工工业.单纯的资源型林产品贸易正在受到抑制,高附加值加工产品,特别是精深加工产品贸易迅速扩大.     

加拿大林产工业的最新进展

加拿大是世界林产品生产大国和贸易大国。文中概述了加拿大近几年锯材、人造板、纸浆、纸和纸板等主要林产品的生产情况, 以及2004年的林产品出口情况。在此基础上, 归纳出加拿大林产工业的6个特点。     

食用林产品质量安全问题与对策

简述了食用林产品的内涵及分类,并在分析现阶段食用林产品质量安全问题基础上,提出了应对对策。食用林产品生产、初加工和销售过程中存在诸多安全隐患,食用林产品质量监测和监管体系的不健全是造成我国食用林产品质量安全问题的主要原因。只有切实建立和完善相应的法律法规,加快完善食用林产品标准体系,建立健全食用林产品安全检测体系,完善食用林产品污染物监测,才有可能从根本上解决我国的食用林产品质量安全问题。     

Forest product trade,wood consumption,and forest conservation—the case of 61 countries

Trade barriers of forest products are often advocated in the name of protecting forest resources. Whether the promoting of trade of forest products will increase or decrease the global forest resources is still a matter of debate. We offer an assessment of how forest product trade helps shape observed forest change, by relating wood consumption change to trade of forest products based on cross-section data from 61 countries in 2010. The result shows that wood outputs have positive effects on wood consumption. Compared to domestic production, the result suggests that imports of forest products can help reduce wood consumption. This may indicate that trade liberalization can promote the allocation efficiency of timber resources across the global, which can improve the utilization efficiency and reduce the wood consumption in the world to protect the global forest resources. It is suggested that the high-efficient harvest and wood-processing technological transfer should be advocated in the international community to contribute to global forest conservation.     

China's role in the global forest sector: how will the US recovery and a diminished Chinese demand influence global wood markets?

Over the last decade, while the size of China's economy more than doubled, China has simultaneously become a major producer and exporter of forest products. Although China's domestic supply of wood is significantly constrained both by a limited natural supply and by conservation-oriented policies, the country is increasingly regarded as the world's “wood workshop.” Furthermore, China is the largest driver of demand for the trade in tropical logs and is becoming a significant driver of demand for trade in coniferous logs. In this paper, we describe a spatial equilibrium model adapted to study forest sector markets and policies that affect them. We present the model and the result of two alternative future scenarios. The first scenario analyzes the impact on global forest products markets of a US recovery in wood markets. The second scenario examines the effect on global forest products markets of decelerating growth in Chinese demand for wood products. Through these two scenarios, the modeling output sheds light on the role China's wood products markets have on resource supply and trade around the world. The trade model shows substantial potential changes in global prices, production, and trade activity associated with the recovery in domestic demand in the USA.     

中国主要木制品国际贸易现状和趋势

我国加入世界贸易组织后,大量木制品开始走出国门,一定程度上提高了我国木制品的世界影响力与竞争力,对塑造民族品牌起到了积极作用。从全球范围内来看,对于木制品的需求逐步上升,尤其是美国、日本、欧盟等国家和地区,这给我国木制品加工企业带来了前所未有的机遇。然而,我国木制品在走向世界的过程中,也遇到了相关困难及贸易壁垒,这些都需要国内木制品企业进行有效应对,以便更好地适应新形势下的国际木制品市场需求。简述了世界和我国木制品及贸易的基本情况,分析了我国木制品拓展国际市场面临的机遇和挑战,在此基础上,提出了新形势下我国木制品深化发展的基本策略。     

基于产业内贸易视角的中俄木质林产品贸易现状分析

文中首先从贸易规模和贸易结构2个方面分析中国与俄罗斯两国间木质林产品贸易现状, 然后运用产业内贸易GL指数和Bruelhart边际产业内贸易指数对1994—2013年20年间中俄两国不同种类木质林产品和整体木质林产品产业内贸易发展水平进行实证分析, 最后对两国间木质林产品产业内贸易类型进行划分和测算.结果表明, 尽管中俄木质林产品贸易规模在不断扩大, 但产业内贸易水平总体偏低, 贸易方式仍以产业间贸易为主, 中俄木质林产品贸易呈现出较强的互补性.     

中国加强进口木材合法性管理的经济影响分析

非法采伐及相关贸易被认为是导致毁林和全球气候变暖的主要原因之一,对全世界的经济、社会和环境带来了负面影响。中国是全球第1大林产品贸易国,进口木材已占我国木材来源的50%以上,而其中很多来自非伐采伐风险比较高的热带国家/地区,倍受国际舆论压力。在此背景下,中国政府正在不断完善相关法规政策以加强对进口木材合法性的管理。文中采用静态GTAP模型模拟了出台进口材合法性管理政策法规背景下企业选取不同合规机制对中国和全球林产品贸易的影响。结果表明,中国加强进口材合法性的管理将改变中国木材进口格局,其产生的主要福利损失由中国和被判定为非法采伐高风险的国家/地区承担,而低风险国家/地区则实现了福利增加。     

中国与东盟各国木质林产品贸易网络结构分析

文中在分析2008-2017年中国与东盟木质林产品贸易规模和结构的基础上,测度双方的贸易竞争性和互补性,进而运用社会网络结构分析法建立木质林产品贸易的结构关系网络.研究结果表明,中国与东盟各国木质林产品的贸易关系网络密度有所提高,且中国处于网络中心位置;随着双方贸易往来日益频繁,贸易竞争性有所增强而互补性有所下降,但中...     

Competition of wood products with different fiber transformation and import sources

Japan and China have been two leading importers of wood products in the global market, and the trade pattern for China since 1993 has largely repeated that for Japan in the 1960s. In this study, the import demand of wood products in Japan and China between 1995 and 2013 by product type and source is assessed using the translog cost function and cointegration analysis. Wood products are classified into three main types by the degree of processing and transformation on wood fiber: roundwood, sawnwood, and wood-based panels. The own-price elasticities are overall inelastic, but they can become very elastic for some source-differentiated products (e.g., sawnwood import by Japan and roundwood import by China from the United States). Clear substitutability across product types and supplying sources is identified. Wood products with a different degree of processing or from different sources can be substituted with each other when they are used by wood-utilizing industries in the importing countries. The substitute relation will continue to present both opportunities for economic development and challenges for global environment protection.     

中国与亚太地区主要国家木质林产品贸易竞争性与互补性分析

亚太地区拥有丰富的森林资源,中国与亚太地区主要国家林业经贸合作前景十分广阔。文中运用显性比较优势指数、贸易互补性指数和产业内贸易指数分别对2006—2015年中国与亚太主要国家木质林产品贸易的竞争性与互补性进行分析,结果表明:与亚太主要国家相比,中国木质林产品竞争力较弱,但与其贸易互补性很强。中国应积极加快木质林产品结构转型,提升产品质量以增强竞争力,并利用贸易互补性扩大与亚太主要国家的林产品贸易规模,实现区域互利共赢。     

中蒙俄经济走廊视域下的木质林产品贸易分析

文中从贸易规模和贸易结构2个方面概述了中国与俄罗斯以及中国与蒙古间的木质林产品贸易现状,运用产业内贸易指数分别从进口和出口2个方面对2006—2015年中俄和中蒙主要木质林产品贸易情况进行分析。结果发现,中国与俄罗斯及蒙古之间木质林产品贸易规模和产业内贸易水平正在逐年增长,但产业内贸易水平仍总体偏低,贸易方式仍以产业间贸易为主。中俄和中蒙在木质林产品贸易上具有很强的互补性,应以中蒙俄经济走廊的发展为契机,加强林业经贸合作,实现区域互利共赢。     

Analysis of trade in illegally harvested timber: Accounting for trade via third party countries

The paper presents a model to analyse trade in illegally harvested timber with a particular focus on trade via third party countries. The model is deduced from the conventional input–output-analysis. In contrast to this type of analysis, inverse export coefficients are introduced to analyse the effect of a certain amount of country-specific supply, e.g., of illegally harvested timber, to the use of wood and wood products of all other countries, based on trade relationships. A database has been compiled especially for application of the model. It comprises data on industrial round-wood production in terms of industrial wood harvested and removed from the forest; recovered wood fibre in the form of recovered paper and waste wood; bilateral trade of 272 wood-based commodities in m³ raw wood equivalent (rwe), and domestic use of those commodities. Two scenarios expressing high and low estimates of illegal harvesting for all countries have been employed in the model. The model reveals the trade linkages between all countries of the world and allows quantification of the global supply and use arising from illegal harvesting. Furthermore it allows calculation of the import of illegally harvested timber for each country of the world. And finally, the model likewise allows the quantification of domestic use of illegally harvested timber for each country of the world.The results show that international trade increases the global domestic supply of illegally harvested timber by more than 70% in each scenario. In particular industrial round-wood from Papua New Guinea, Malaysia, Indonesia and Myanmar passes through many countries until it ends in form of finished wood products in the country of final destination. Not only due to suggested illegally harvested timber in the own country, but also due to strongly developed trade relationships, China holds the lead in total supply and use of illegally harvested timber. However this result must be seen against the background of the large population in China. This aspect also helps to explain the predominant position of China, Brazil and Russia with regard to the domestic use of illegally harvested timber. A comparison of import of illegally harvested timber on the basis of “simple” (covering only bilateral trade) and inverse export coefficients demonstrates the model's merit. The hitherto usually simple approach underestimates the “real” trade by a third up to a half.