叶绿素a测定方法之比较

本文比较了3种滤膜（玻璃纤维滤膜、醋酸纤维滤膜、微孔滤膜）、不同提取时间和不同离心温度对叶绿素a含量测定的影响。结果表明,玻璃纤维滤膜叶绿素a测定值显著高于醋酸纤维滤膜和微孔滤膜;叶绿素a最佳提取时间在16h-24h;放人冰块制冷所测得的叶绿素a含量显著高于不放入冰块制冷的含量。     

Fisheries management using a pooling fishery system with a competitive sharing rule as a remedy for the “tragedy of the commons”

We propose the concept of a pooling fishery system with a competitive sharing rule as a remedy for the tragedy of the commons without the need to consider the free-riding problem or dissatisfaction of more skillful or eager members. Each fisherman receives his share of pooled income according to his level of achievement, relative to those of other members, of pre-agreed common objectives such as the conservation of depleted stocks. After analyzing the system using the game theoretic approach, we examine its performance as a fisheries management system using a computer simulation. In our example, this system was proven to suppress increases in fishing effort by game theoretic interactions among fishermen, to maintain the stock size at a high level, and to increase the average fishing income. Although there is still much scope for improving this system for practical use, the concept of this system has the potential to contribute to the attainment of sustainable fisheries management.     

尼罗罗非鱼(Oreochromis niloticus)cyp19a1a原核表达与蛋白纯化

为表达和纯化尼罗罗非鱼(Oreochromis niloticus)cyp19a1a蛋白,本研究从尼罗罗非鱼卵巢提取总RNA,反转录获得cDNA模板后,利用设计的引物PCR扩增cyp19a1a ORF区1200 bp片段,双酶切后连接到pET-28a(+)表达载体上,经酶切验证和DNA测序鉴定,证明成功构建了pET-28a-cyp19a1a原核表达载体。将表达载体转化到大肠杆菌(E.coli)BL21中,优化IPTG诱导浓度和诱导时间。结果显示,在0.5 mmol/L IPTG诱导8 h后,cyp19a1a重组蛋白大量表达,并以包涵体形式存在。通过Ni2+-NTA层析柱和切胶纯化,获得与预期片段大小一致的表达蛋白,并用Western blotting验证了纯化的蛋白为目的蛋白。本研究为制备cyp19a1a抗体和研究高温对cyp19a1a蛋白表达的影响提供了重要的基础。     

Can a cow save a newt? The role of cattle drinking troughs in amphibian conservation

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大伙房水库叶绿素a的周年分布

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KYW 35a环模制粒机研制报告

KYW35a环模制粒机是在80年代消化吸收丹麦制粒机的基础上研制成功的。本文着重介绍了此机改进后与原引进机的7大技术不同点,并对其技术优劣进行了简要的论证。     

Is there a blue transition underway?

In this study, we describe what we term a Blue Transition, defined as the passage from fish biomass reduction to recovery in exploited aquatic resources, enabled by aquaculture. A Blue Transition is a key component of emergent “blue” discourses which support that the expansion of aquaculture would relieve pressure on declining capture fisheries, thus contributing to global food security, particularly of the poorest populations. Based on global secondary data and the case of Chile, we explore the evidence of such claim and the implications of a Blue Transition for fisheries and aquaculture development. In 2012, worldwide aquaculture production surpassed wild captures; nevertheless, such turnaround would have not taken place without China's contribution. In Chile, this turnaround occurred in 2014, concurrently with the lowest industrial landings registered since the 1960s (1,227,359 tons). Chile's aquaculture is not relieving wild fisheries or satisfying food demands of the lower income population, in the country or elsewhere. Salmon, the main aquaculture product, is destined mainly to Japan, Russia and United States where, due to its high prices, it is consumed mostly by wealthy consumers. For the case at hand, evidence suggests that a blue transition may be underway but is going in the wrong direction: from what may have been sustainable fisheries management before the 1970s to the overexploited wild fisheries of today.     

犬a干扰素的基因工程研究进展

干扰素是由脊椎动物细胞产生的一类分泌型蛋白,是由"干扰素诱生剂"诱使动物机体有关细胞所产生的一类特殊"糖蛋白"。这类糖蛋白从其产生细胞产生和释放出来后,又可作用于动物机体的同种其他细胞,并使这些细胞获得相当广泛的"免疫力",具有广谱抗病毒、抗肿瘤、抑制细胞增殖以及提高免疫功能等作用。干扰素可与细     

Profiles of sex steroids, fecundity and spawning of a migratory characiform fish from the Paraguay–Paraná basin: a comparative study in a three-river system

This study investigated for the first time the reproductive biology of Prochilodus lineatus in a system of rivers in southeastern Brasil, relating it to the role of tributary rivers in the reproductive success of this important commercial fish in the Upper Paraná River basin, where a cascade of hydroelectric dams were deployed. Specimens were caught bimonthly in three river sites: (S1) Grande River, downstream from the Porto Colômbia dam; (S2) Pardo River; and (S3) Mogi Guaçu River. Sex steroid plasma levels, fecundity, follicular atresia, oocyte diameter and gonadosomatic index (GSI) were compared among sites. In S1, fish exhibited changes in the reproductive parameters: lower GSI, oocyte diameter and fecundity and higher follicular atresia index, when compared to S2 and S3. Frequency of maturing fish was higher in S3 and spawning was only registered in S3. In sites S2 and S3, plasma concentrations of testosterone and 17β-estradiol in females and testosterone in males showed wide variations following gonadal maturation. Fish from S1 showed few significant variations in sex steroid concentrations throughout the gonadal cycle. These results indicate that P. lineatus does not reproduce in Grande River (S1), but probably uses the Pardo River (S2) as a migratory route towards the Mogi Guaçu River (S3) where they complete gonadal maturation and spawning. Our findings contribute for understanding the reproductive biology of P. lineatus and to highlight the importance of tributaries in impounded rivers as a favourable environment for migration and spawning of fish.     

尼罗罗非鱼(Oreochromis niloticus) cyp19a1a原核表达与蛋白纯化

为表达和纯化尼罗罗非鱼(Oreochromis niloticus)cyp19a1a蛋白,本研究从尼罗罗非鱼卵巢提取总RNA,反转录获得cDNA模板后,利用设计的引物PCR扩增cyp19a1a ORF区1200 bp片段,双酶切后连接到pET-28a(+)表达载体上,经酶切验证和DNA测序鉴定,证明成功构建了pET-28a-cyp19a1a原核表达载体。将表达载体转化到大肠杆菌(E.coli)BL21中,优化IPTG诱导浓度和诱导时间。结果显示,在0.5 mmol/L IPTG诱导8 h后,cyp19a1a重组蛋白大量表达,并以包涵体形式存在。通过Ni2+-NTA层析柱和切胶纯化,获得与预期片段大小一致的表达蛋白,并用Western blotting验证了纯化的蛋白为目的蛋白。本研究为制备cyp19a1a抗体和研究高温对cyp19a1a蛋白表达的影响提供了重要的基础。     

Short-Term Dinoflagellate Bloom in a Shrimp Pond in Bahía de La Paz,Gulf of California

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海州湾叶绿素a与水环境因子的多元分析

叶绿素a作为水环境质量的重要指标,对水体理化性质具有指示作用。对江苏海州湾叶绿素a时空分布特征进行分析,发现叶绿素a随距陆远近而发生变化,受陆源输入影响较重,同时当地的富营养化程度在夏秋季节较高。经过水环境因子聚类和相关性分析,得到影响叶绿素a的有效因子,在此基础上进行多元线性回归分析,提取出了主要因子为pH值和水温。     

Potent activation of tumor necrosis factor-α production by a polysaccharide found in a marine brown alga Chordaria flagelliformis

In a search for new antitumor drugs, we collected 334 species of marine algae from the Japanese coastline and screened these for tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) production-promoting activity in an in vitro assay with the mouse macrophage-derived cell line RAW264.7. A phosphate-buffered saline extract from the marine brown alga Chordaria flagelliformis was found to strongly promote TNF-α activity. Further purification of this alga by precipitation with ethanol and two-step chromatography yielded an approximately 3,000-kDa polysaccharide as the active substance, which we designated MC25. MC25 exhibited TNF-α production-promoting activity in RAW264.7 cells in a dose-dependent manner, and we established its temperature and pH stabilities and non-cytotoxic character. Its molecular structure is similar to that of a fucoidan in terms of composition, including glucose, fucose, xylose, and uronic acid. The molecule hydrolyzed to a size of 180–370 kDa still retained strong TNF-α production-promoting activity, suggesting that MC25 might be a promising candidate in the development of novel antitumor agents.     

Marteiliosis in mussels: a rare disease?

Among 1280 cultured and wild adult Mediterranean mussels, Mytilus galloprovincialis, collected over a 1 ‐ year surveillance period from the Slovene Adriatic Sea, 0.3% were histologically positive for the presence of Marteilia spp. The infection was concentrated in winter. Employing the molecular methods of PCR, cloning, DNA restriction and sequencing, only Marteilia refringens type M was detected in all the infected mussels. Although all life‐cycle stages of M. refringens severely infected digestive glands, only sporadic disruption of epithelial cells of digestive tubules and focal destruction of digestive tubules were observed in the infected mussels. This was the first detection of M. refringens in M. galloprovincialis from the Slovene Adriatic Sea with the lowest prevalence reported to date. In addition, our results highlight the need for sequencing to complement the established PCR‐RFLP analysis for correct parasite typing.     

长江口外水域叶绿素a分布的基本特征

本文根据１９８８年８月、１２月、８９年８月和１９９１年９月对长江口外附近水域进行的多学科的综合调查结果，着重探讨长江河口羽状锋区附近叶绿素ａ含量的分布特征及其与海洋环境因子的关系。调查海区叶绿素ａ含量从长江口外向东构成低、高、最低的分布趋势，夏季形成向东或东北扩展的、清晰可辨的叶绿素ａ的羽状锋。     

卫星遥感北太平洋渔场叶绿素a浓度

海洋叶绿素a(Chla.)含量是了解世界海洋中地球生物化学循环的基础和估算海洋生产力的基本指标,是判断水域的肥瘠程度和评价水域渔业潜在生产力的基本依据。富集浮游植物的海域是海洋食植动物的大密度存在和水产资源丰富存在的基础,许多鱼类如金枪鱼等中上层鱼群集在锋面两侧或涡旋,这些特征与营养盐供给或混合层深度变化相关。北太平洋渔场已成为我国远洋渔业的重要组成部分,卫星遥感技术可以实现大面积同步的观测和一年四季连续的观测,是测定北太平洋渔场海洋叶绿素a的最有效方法。1 材料和方法1.1 数据来源卫星资料采用美国海洋水色卫星的宽视场海洋水色扫描仪(SeaWiFS)资料,全球海上测量资料利用国际海洋水色协调工作组(IOCCG)在世界大洋范围测量的1175个站位光谱数据和对应的叶绿素a浓度,南海测量数据由国家海洋技术中心在南海测量的48个站位光谱数据和叶绿     

Surface Breaking Behaviour in a Population of Captive Rays Raja: The Expression of a Need to Forage?

Observations were made of the surface breaking behaviour of a population of captive rays Raja. The behaviour was found to have a temporal link with a scheduled feeding event, and to be most common in animals assumed to be hungry. It is suggested that the behaviour is appetitive and is a method of foraging appropriate to the captive situation. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

不同倍性鲫鲤性腺型芳香化酶cyp19a1a基因cDNA的克隆及表达

为研究性腺型芳香化酶P450aromA(cyp19a1a基因编码)在不同倍性鲫鲤卵巢发育过程中的作用,实验采用同源克隆和cDNA末端快速扩增技术(RACE),获得了二倍体红鲫、三倍体湘云鲫和四倍体鲫鲤的cyp19a1a基因cDNA全长。结果显示,3种鱼cyp19a1a基因均编码517个氨基酸残基,而且编码的蛋白都包含P450aromA特有的跨膜螺旋区、I-螺旋区、Ozol’s肽区、芳香化酶特异保守区以及血红素结合区。采用RT-PCR分析cyp19a1a基因mRNA在3种不同倍性鱼类组织中的表达情况,结果显示,cyp19a1a基因主要在实验鱼的卵巢中表达,其次在精巢、脑、脾脏有少量表达。采用实时荧光定量PCR对cyp19a1a基因mRNA在不同倍性鱼卵巢中的表达进行分析,结果发现,cyp19a1a基因在不同倍性鱼的非繁殖期卵巢的表达都高于繁殖期卵巢,并且在繁殖期和非繁殖期,cyp19a1a基因在三倍体湘云鲫的表达量高于二倍体红鲫和四倍体鲫鲤。采用免疫组织化学方法对CYP19A蛋白在不同倍性鲫鲤卵巢中的定位进行分析,结果发现,CYP19A蛋白主要定位在滤泡细胞、Ⅳ时相卵母细胞的放射膜上以及Ⅱ时相卵母细胞的卵浆中。研究表明,性腺型芳香化酶在不同倍性鲫鲤卵巢发育过程中的表达存在一定的差异性,三倍体鱼cyp19a1a基因mRNA水平表达异常,推测与其不育有关联性。