Performance Comparison of High Strength Concrete Prepared with Metakoalin and Silica Fume

This paper makes a comparison of high strength concrete prepared with Metakoalin and that prepared with silica fume in terms of their workability, compressive strength , shrinkage and resistance to sulphate attack. The research results indicate that high strength concrete prepared with Metakoalin is better than that prepared with silica fume in terms of workability. When the water to binder ratio is high, concrete prepared with Metakoalin has a greater compressive strength than that prepared with silica fume. In contrast, when the ratio is low, it is the concrete prepared with silica fuma has a higher strenth. Concrete prepared with Metakoalin has a smaller auto -shrinkage and dry-shrinkage than that prepared with silica fume. And concrete prepared with Metakoalin will be just as good as concrete prepared with silica fume in terms of resistance to sulphate attack. It is indicated by the research that Metakoalin has same high activity as silica fume in the preparation of high strength concrete.     

Drainage performance and soil management

The performance of installed subsurface drainage systems is considerably influenced by soil management practices. These influences can be both positively and negatively. Cases of such influences are discussed in this paper. Optimal rootzone aeration and soil workability will often require a combination of drainage and soil management improvements.     

Dry mixed Superfine Sand Mortar for Bonding Ceramic Tile

By modification with water retentive agents and organic bonding admixtures, one dry mixed superfine sand mortar used as ceramic tile bonding was prepared with good workability, adhesive capacity and climate resistance. The test results indicate that this mortar has excellent anti sagging characteristics, with slippage of less than 2mm, sufficient open time and bonding strength over 1 MPa after being open for 20 minutes. These traits provide the needed qualities for thin construction of ceramic tile bonding. By adding polypropylene fiber, a flexible mortar was prepared with superior crack resistance for use as a ceramic tile bonding agent. The preparation mechanism, method and performance are introduced in detail.     

Study on the Exterior Wall External Thermal Insulating Mortar Made from Waste Expanded Polystyrene(EPS)

The surface of modified EPS can be changed from the character of water-repellent to hydrophilic,and be wetted by freshly mixed portland cement paste.A new thermal insulating mortar with good properties of workability,thermal insulation,climate-resisting and crack-resisting can be made modified EPS as light aggregate and cement as binder,and modified with fiber and polymer.This new type of insulating mortar can be used as exterior wall thermal insulation,which breaks the limitation of traditional insulating mortar only as interior insulation.It has been widely used in civil engineering.     

Effects of Stone Powder on Wet Packing Density of Cement and Performances of Concrete

The amount of limestone powder, which is a by product of manufactured fine aggregate, is larger and larger with the increase of manufactured fine aggregate. Environment will be severely polluted if the powder is improperly used. The effects of limestone powder on workability, compressive strength, and impermeability of concrete were studied when cement is substituted for the mass proportion of 0, 10, 15, 20 percent with it. The results show that the performances of concrete are better improved when the percentage of limestone powder is about 10 percent. The wet packing density of mixture of limestone powder and cement was measured, and it shows that the degree of density was biggest when limestone powder is 10 percent. This shows that the best mixing proportion of limestone powder and cement may be determined through measuring the change of compactness of mixture of limestone powder and cement.     

Preparation Technology of Fiber Toughened Self compacting High strength Concrete

Preparation technology of fiber toughened self compacting high strength concrete was tested by measuring influence of water/binder ratio, sand percentage, and steel fiber content on spread, T500 time , U shape value, and L shape value of fresh concrete. Mechanical properties were analyzed in case of different water/binder ratio, sand percentage, and steel fiber content. The test results show that suitable W/B and sand percentage were necessary to satisfy self compacting performance of the fresh concrete. With the increase of steel fiber content, the compressive strength and flexural strength were improved while workability of fresh concrete was cut down. Steel fiber toughened self compacting high strength concrete was prepared successfully with a strength grade of CF90 and a flexural strength of more than 11.0 MPa.     

Technology of Mixing High Property Concrete with Large Dosage Fly Ash

Being the largest mass of man-maded material, concrete demands much to resource and energy as well as affects much to environment. Whether concrete can be the dominating constructive material, the key is whether it can become green material and protect the environment at the same time. The important approach of developing is using industrial castoff largely in concrete. The tests note, that high performance concrete used of large mass of fly ash is doable. By grinding fly ash and adding high-efficient water reducer, when the dosage of cement clinker is only 25% and the dosage of fly ash is 70%, concrete with a good workability that 3 day and 28 day strength are bigger than 20 MPa and 50 MPa respectively can be achieved, which later strength develop very well. The large mass of fly ash concrete can utilize fly ash largely and reduce the dosage of clinker, that is very advantageous to protect environmental.     

Investigation on EPS Surface Modification and EPS Thermal Insulation Mortar''s Weather-resisting and Crack-resisting

The surface of EPS is of hydrophobic nature, which can not wet binding material. As in the freshly mixed mortar, EPS particle is not affined with cement paste and has a low bulk density, which will be apt to make EPS particle buoy, and lead to the segregation of mortar, the decrease of water retentivity and affect its workability. When pretreated, the surface of EPS can be changed into that of hydrophilic nature, and be wetted by freshly mixed silicate paste. The technology channel of EPS surface modification is that select proper high-molecular binder and coupling agent, prepare polymer silicate binding material of low water-cement ratio, and utilize the double effect of binder and coupling agent to form silicate grout of hydrophilic nature on the surface of EPS, by composite binding material wrapping the surface of EPS. A new thermal insulating mortar with good properties of thermal engineering, weather-resisting and crack-resisting can be made by modified EPS as light aggregate and cement as binder, modification with fiber and polymer. This new type of insulating mortar can be used as outer thermal insulation of outside wall, which breaks the limitation of traditional insulating mortar only as interior insulation. It has been widely used in the building energy-saving model project.     

Mechanical and Chloride Diffusion Behavior of Kaolinite Clay Modified Cement-Based Material

The effects of kaolinite clay on the microstructure (pore structure, internal structure) and mechanical properties (workability, early-age and long-term flexural strength, chloride diffusion property) of the cementitious composites were tested. It is shown that the addition of clay improves the micro-pore structure in the cement paste and limits the introduction of chloride ions. As a result, it is suggested that the kaolinite clay would act as both filler and accelerator of cement hydration. Compared with the control specimen, the flexural strength of cement paste with 1% kaolinite clay increased by 30.41%, 39.04%, 36.27% and 38.32% at 1, 3, 7 and 90 curing ages, respectively. The 28-day flexural strength increased slightly. It is observed that the clay modified cement mortar has lower chloride diffusion coefficient values compared to the plain mortar, and the 28-day DCl of cement mortar decreased by 53.03% with 5% clay. Compared with the controlled sample, the increase in compressive strength and the reduction in chloride diffusion coefficient of the concrete with 5% clay addition is 28.4% and 18.87% respectively. The chloride diffusion coefficient of concrete decreases with the amount of clay addition exponentially. The 28-day compressive strength increases linearly with the chloride diffusion coefficient of the concrete.     

Wirkungen meliorativer Gaben von Gesteinsmehlen und Gesteinssanden auf das Wachstum verschiedener landwirtschaftlicher Kulturpflanzen sowie auf physikalische Kennwerte eines Sandbodens und eines Tonbodens

Effect of amelioration doses of rock powder and rock sand on growth of agricultural plants and on physical characteristics of sandy and clay soil
The effect of rock powder to increase the water holding capacity and adsorption degree of sandy soil and the influence of rock sand to augment the aeration and improve the workability of clay soil were tested in pot experiments.
Additions of different rock powders (Basalt, Grauwacke, Kuselit, Muschelkalk and Porphyr) from 5 to 20 weight percent to sandy soil increased the field capacity; the increase in values ranged from 12 to 23% as compared to control. An 11% increase in coarse pore volume (< pF 1.8) of clay soil was noticed when 10 weight percent rock sand was mixed in it. The shear strength of clay soil was hardly decreased. In short time tests five different plants reacted mostly positive to rock powders in sandy soil, the degree of reaction being different depending on rock type and amount used whereas in clay soil the reaction was slightly negative. Ten percent weight additions were better than 20 percent.
Up to 67% increase in spring barley grain yield was registered in sandy soil with addition of 10 weight percent of different rock powders both at about 40 and 80% field capacity water levels. High N-application i.e., 1600 mg N/7 kg soil caused a depression in yield at control whereas it increased the dry matter yield in treated pots. In clay soil at 80% field capacity an increase in grain yield was registered only in Grauwacke and Basalt treatments, which was off set at high N-level. Porphyr and Kuselit treatments produced yield depressions.
Addition of 10 weight percent of rock powders in sandy soil in the first year of experiment reduced the amount of leachate and nitrate leached between 8 to 29% in fallow treatments, but in planted treatments these were dependant on plant type and rock type even showing an increase in one case.     

苦荞麦黄酮含量萃取工艺的研究

为了研究其总黄酮的提取工艺,以苦荞麦不同器官为原料,采用高压提取、超声波萃取、高压提取+超声波萃取混合萃取苦荞麦黄酮含量。结果表明：高压15 min,测定黄酮含量：叶片5.46%、茎秆1.27%、根系0.54%;超声波萃取为60 min,测定黄酮含量：叶片5.72%、茎秆1.71%、根系0.84%;实施高压 + 超声波混合提取,以高压10 min + 超声波30 min,提取的黄酮含量最高：其叶片黄酮含量的平均值为6.34%,比相同条件的高压提取(5.07%)增加1.27%,比相同条件的超声波萃取(5.53%)增加0.81%。高压10 min+超声波30 min的回收率最高,为96.7%。     

烤烟新品种云烟202的烘烤特性初报

研究了烤烟新品种云烟202成熟烟叶在烘烤过程中水分及叶绿素含量的变化。结果表明,云烟202成熟鲜烟叶的叶绿素含量明显低于K326和红花大金元,含水量低于K326,高于红花大金元;在烘烤过程中的变黄阶段叶绿素的降解速度快于K326和红大,烟叶全黄所需时间,接近K326,明显短于红花大金元,失水速度慢于红花大金元,快于K326;在定色和干筋阶段,烟叶失水速度快,叶肉的干燥时间短于K326而长于红花大金元。烟叶表现容易烘烤。     

加拿大披碱草与老芒麦及其杂种后代同工酶和RAPD遗传分析

对加拿大披碱草、老芒麦、杂种F1、C_0Ⅰ、C_1Ⅰ、C_0Ⅱ和C_1Ⅱ7种材料进行了同工酶和RAPD的分析,旨在通过分子标记方法探讨供试材料的亲缘关系.结果表明:在不同的生育期,EST同工酶酶谱具有较高的多态性,酶谱差异较大,在分蘖期杂种的EST酶谱偏向母本加拿大披碱草,根据该生育时期的酶谱特征可以鉴定杂种后代的的真实性,其他生育时期,EST酶带偏向父本老芒麦,而且没有明显的差异.SOD酶谱的差异只是体现在表达量的多少上,并没有出现特异性的条带.RAPD分析表明,加拿大披碱草与老芒麦的遗传一致度为0.72,遗传距离为0.328 5,在7种材料中亲缘关系最远;杂种后代与母本加拿大披碱草的遗传距离较近,而与父本老芒麦的亲缘关系相对较远;因此用RAPD分析材料的遗传关系更为合适.     

中国南方主要经济作物播种面积变化时序特征及驱动因素分析

作物播种面积是指导农业结构调整和优化的重要依据,及时了解作物播种面积时序变化特征及其驱动因素具有重要意义.笔者利用历史统计资料,选择广东、广西、四川、云南和贵州为代表区,探讨主要经济作物播种面积变化的时序特征及驱动因素.研究表明:(1)广东省油料、花生、糖料和甘蔗播种面积变化呈增-减-平趋势,油菜籽、芝麻和麻类呈增-减...     

不同基因型水稻苗期对1，2，4-三氯苯胁迫的生理响应

利用沙培试验,研究了6种浓度(0、0.1、0.2、0.4、0.6、0.8 mmol kg^-1沙)的1,2,4-三氯苯(TCB)对两水稻品种香粳20-18(耐性基因型)和泗阳1382(敏感基因型)种子发芽率、发芽指数、幼苗生物量以及叶片和根系的蛋白质含量、丙二醛含量(MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、过氧化物酶(POD)活性、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性等生理指标的影响。结果表明,TCB胁迫下,水稻种子发芽率和发芽指数变化不明显,幼苗的生物量显著下降,香粳20-18下降幅度比泗阳1382小;随TCB胁迫程度的增强,香粳20-18叶片和根系可溶性蛋白质含量呈增加的趋势,泗阳1382叶片蛋白质含量显著下降,高浓度TCB胁迫下其根系蛋白质含量显著下降;两个基因型叶片的O₂^?产生速率先降后升,香粳20-18根系的O₂^?产生速率先降后升,高浓度TCB胁迫下显著高于对照,而泗阳1382与对照差异不显著;香粳20-18叶片SOD活性随TCB胁迫程度的增强呈上升趋势,低浓度TCB胁迫下就开始显著高于对照,根系SOD活性显著增强,而泗阳1382叶片和根系SOD活性与对照差异不显著;香粳20-18叶片POD活性先升后降,根系POD活性显著高于对照,而泗阳1382叶片和根系POD活性均显著下降;香粳20-18叶片CAT活性高于或显著高于对照,泗阳1382低于或显著低于对照;两个基因型叶片的MDA含量先降后升,高浓度TCB胁迫下MDA含量显著高于对照,根系MDA含量均随TCB胁迫程度的增强而显著增加。总之,生物量降低幅度小、叶片和根系的蛋白质含量高、抗氧化酶系统清除活性氧的能力强、MDA含量低是耐性基因型的主要生理特征。     

盐胁迫下野大麦耐盐生理机制初探

以盐生植物野大麦、甜土植物中国春小麦为材料,研究了NaCl胁迫对野大麦、小麦幼苗叶片质膜透性、含水量、地上和根部离子含量、脯氨酸含量、磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸羧化酶(PEPCase)活性的影响。结果表明,随盐胁迫浓度增加,野大麦的细胞膜透性、Na 含量、脯氨酸含量、Na /K 、PEPCase活性增加,含水量、K 含量下降;但在相同盐胁迫条件下野大麦地上部和根部Na 含量明显低于小麦,而根中K 含量高于小麦,表明野大麦可能具有拒绝吸收Na 和维持高K 含量的能力;野大麦的脯氨酸含量增加幅度小于小麦,表明在盐胁迫下野大麦不是通过脯氨酸的积累来达到体内渗透平衡的;野大麦PEPCase活性增加明显高于小麦,说明提高光合效率可能是野大麦实现盐适应的主要措施之一。     

Natural variation in fruit abscission-related traits in apple (Malus)

Abscission or retention of ripening fruit is a major component of seed dispersal strategies and also has important implications for horticultural production. Abscission-related traits have generally not been targeted in breeding efforts, and their genetic bases remain mostly unknown. We evaluated 144 Malus accessions representing wild species, domestic cultivars, and hybrids for abscission-related traits. We found that seasonal timing of fruit abscission in wild species and hybrids showed a broad distribution similar to that seen for domestic cultivars, and that internal ethylene concentration at the time of abscission varied by over three orders of magnitude. Wild species, domestic cultivars, and hybrids all included representatives that showed abscission of fruit prior to substantial production of ethylene, as well as accessions that retained fruit for a significant period of time following ethylene production. For all accessions that retained fruit, fruit removal resulted in abscission of the pedicel, and exogenous ethylene promoted abscission, suggesting that the abscission zone was functional. Our results suggest important roles for mechanisms independent of fruit ethylene production in abscission.     

淡灰钙土条件下不同配比施肥对油葵及土壤养分效应研究

为了探明淡灰钙土条件下不同配比施肥对油葵及土壤养分效应,以NX440为供试材料,采用随机区组设计布设田间试验,试验共设CK及NPKM处理等8个处理。结果表明：不施无机氮肥的处理株高相对偏低,且相对CK处理经济产量增产不显著;NPKM处理在收获期比CK处理株高提高了41.6 cm,盘粒数提高了272粒/盘,提高了27.7%,千粒重提高了12.2 g,提高了23.4%;经济产量和生物产量均显著提高,分别提高了55.6%和43.1%,籽粒和茎秆氮含量分别是CK处理1.6倍和2.0倍;土壤有机质含量较CK处理提高了1.5 g/kg。因此,综合考虑,在当地淡灰钙土条件下,不施无机氮肥是不可行的,油葵参照NPKM处理施肥较为适宜。     

苜蓿雄性不育系及其回交后代同工酶分析

采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶垂直板电泳技术对苜蓿雄性不育系及其回交后代进行过氧化物酶(POD)、酯酶(EST)同工酶分析。结果表明:(1)苜蓿雄性不育系及其回交后代叶的POD同工酶在现蕾期和开花期的酶带数较返青期多。返青期的酶活性较现蕾期和开花期强;MS-4及其回交后代叶的EST同工酶活性变化规律与POD同工酶谱表现相似;(2)在花发育的不同时期,花蕾为绿色时期时的POD同工酶酶活性最强,MS-4及其回交后代小花的EST同_T-酶酶带数较叶的多。刚开过的小花EST同工酶酶活性最强,F1、BC1代不育株都出现了母本MS-4所具有的POD、EST特征酶带;(3)从MS-4回交后代中所选育的不育株的POD和EST同工酶谱明显偏向于轮回亲本MS-4,说明通过回交使MS-4的某些性状在回交后代中进一步得到表现,因此,可以初步认定原不育系Ms4的不育性是可遗传的。     

抗虫杂交棉F1代与亲本Bt蛋白表达量及抗虫差异性研究

对转 Bt基因抗虫杂交棉正、反交 F1代与抗虫亲本的 Bt蛋白表达量及抗棉铃虫差异性研究表明 :抗虫亲本与其杂种 F1代均高抗棉铃虫 ,但抗虫亲本的抗虫性略好于其杂种 F1代 ,并且明显地高于非抗虫亲本 ;正、反交杂种 F1代间的抗虫性几乎没有差异。生长前期的抗虫性好于后期 ,同一时期嫩叶或侧枝生长点的抗虫性好于幼蕾。抗虫亲本叶片和花瓣的 Bt蛋白含量明显地高于其杂种 F1代 ,抗虫亲本功能叶的 Bt蛋白含量明显地高于其上部非功能叶 ,而杂种 F1代功能叶的 Bt蛋白含量则明显地低于其上部非功能叶。盛花期后至吐絮期前 ,叶片和花瓣的 Bt蛋白表达量明显增加 ,在抗虫亲本中表现最为明显。与叶片相比 ,在花瓣中检测到的 Bt蛋白含量极低。正、反交 F1代间的 Bt蛋白表达量差异较小或无规律可循