Optimal dietary lipid level for large yellow croaker (Pseudosciaena crocea) larvae

A 30‐day feeding experiment was conducted in blue tanks (70 × 50 × 60 cm, water volume 180 L) to determine the effects of dietary lipid levels on the survival, growth and body composition of large yellow croaker (Pseudosciaena crocea) larvae (12 days after hatchery, with initial average weight 1.93 ± 0.11 mg). Five practical microdiets, containing 83 g kg^?1 (Diet 1), 126 g kg^?1 (Diet 2), 164 g kg^?1 (Diet 3), 204 g kg^?1 (Diet 4) and 248 g kg^?1 lipid (Diet 5), were formulated. Live feeds (Artemia sinicia nauplii and live copepods) were used as the control diet (Diet 6). Each diet was randomly assigned to triplicate groups of tanks, and each tank was stocked with 3500 larvae. During the experiment, water temperature was maintained at 23(±1) °C, pH 8.0 (±0.2) and salinity 25 (±2) g L^?1. The results showed that dietary lipid significantly influenced the survival and growth of large yellow croaker larvae. Survival increased with the increase of dietary lipid from 83 to 164 g kg^?1, and then decreased. The survival of larvae fed the diet with 83 g kg^?1 lipid (16.1%) was significantly lower than that of larvae fed other diets. However, the survival in larvae fed the diet with 16.4 g kg^?1 lipid was the highest compared with other artificial microdiets. Specific growth rate (SGR) significantly increased with increasing dietary lipid level from 83 to 164 g kg^?1 (P < 0.05), and then decreased. The SGR in larvae fed the diet with 164 g kg^?1 lipid (10.0% per day) was comparable with 204 g kg^?1 lipid (9.6% per day), but were significantly higher than other microdiets (P < 0.05). On the basis of survival and SGR, the optimum dietary lipid level was estimated to be 172 and 177 g kg^?1 of diet using second‐order polynomial regression analysis respectively.     

Dietary phosphorus requirement of large yellow croaker,Pseudosciaena crocea R

A study was conducted to estimate the optimum requirement of dietary phosphorus for large yellow croaker in floating sea cages (1.0 × 1.0 × 1.5 m). Five practical diets were formulated to contain graded levels (0.30%, 0.55%, 0.69%, 0.91% and 1.16%) of available phosphorus from dietary ingredients and monocalcium phosphate (MCP). Each diet was randomly assigned to triplicate groups of 180 juvenile fish (initial body weight, 1.88 ± 0.02 g). Fish were fed twice daily (5:00 and 17:00) to satiation for 8 weeks. During the experimental period, the water temperature fluctuated from 26.5 to 32.5 °C, salinity from 32‰ to 36‰ and dissolved oxygen was more than 7 mg l^− 1. Specific growth rate (SGR) significantly increased with increasing available phosphorus from 0.30% to 0.69% of diet (P < 0.05), and then leveled off. The body composition analysis showed that the whole-body ash and lipid, as well as phosphorus content in the whole body, vertebrae and scales were significantly affected by dietary available phosphorus level (P < 0.05). Broken-line analysis based on SGR indicated the minimum available phosphorus requirement for the optimal growth of large yellow croaker was 0.70%. Based on the phosphorus content in either vertebrae or whole body, the requirements were 0.89% and 0.91%, respectively.     

操作胁迫对大黄鱼幼鱼的影响

研究操作胁迫(追赶惊扰)对大黄鱼(Pseudosciaena crocea Richardson)幼鱼的生长、行为、肝脏、脾脏、免疫功能等方面的影响.实验用大黄鱼幼鱼全长(5.85±0.45)cm,实验共设3个组对照组、实验组1(每日操作胁迫1次)、实验组2(每日操作胁迫2次),每组2个重复.分别于实验开始后第10天、20天、30天,取样测定其全长、体质量、脾脏重以及肝脏重,计算脾系数和肝系数;断尾取血做血涂片,在油镜下进行白细胞分类计数,并对各项指标进行统计分析.结果表明,长期的剧烈操作胁迫会显著抑制大黄鱼幼鱼的生长,同时也影响其肝脾脏功能和机体免疫机能,如增加大黄鱼幼鱼脾系数(即脾肿大),肝脏的合成代谢先受到抑制;各种白细胞比率受剧烈操作胁迫(每日2次胁迫)影响发生显著变化,嗜中性粒细胞和单核细胞在实验前期(10 d)或中期(20 d)显著增多,而淋巴细胞则明显减少,但在实验末期均又恢复正常水平,其原因可能是大黄鱼的免疫机能对长期操作胁迫表现一定的适应性.     

Dietary lysine requirement of large yellow croaker (Pseudosciaena crocea,Richardson 1846) larvae

A 30‐day feeding experiment was conducted to estimate the lysine requirement of large yellow croaker larvae (2.75 ± 0.11 mg). Six isonitrogenous (509.5–519.7 g kg^?1 crude protein) and isoenergetic (22.3–22.5 kJ g^?1 energy) microdiets containing graded levels of lysine·HCl ranging from 24.8 to 41.0 g kg^?1 diet in placement of glycine and glutamic acid were formulated. Mixture of crystalline amino acids (MAA) was supplemented to simulate the amino acid (AA) profiles of whole body of this larva, except for lysine. The MAA and supplemented lysine for each diet were coated with tripalmitin. Triplicate groups of 3000 fish were fed to apparent satiation by hand eight times per day. The results showed that specific growth rate (SGR), survival, body composition and the specific activity of digestive enzymes were significantly affected by dietary lysine levels (P<0.05). The optimal dietary lysine requirements estimated by second‐order polynomial model based on SGR and survival were 33.7 (65.5 g kg^?1 dietary protein) and 33.4 (64.9 g kg^?1 dietary protein) g kg^?1 dry diet respectively. The estimated requirements for the other essential AAs were calculated by A/E ratios of whole body AA profile of this larva based on lysine requirement.     

大黄鱼幼鱼对饲料中锌需要量

以初始体重为(1.78±0.02)g的大黄鱼为实验对象,在室内流水系统(养殖桶规格:200L)中进行为期8周的摄食生长实验,研究大黄鱼对饲料中锌的需要量.通过在基础饲料中添加ZnSO4·H2O使饲料中锌含量分别达到9.68、30.63、48.94、91.28、167.49和326.81mg·kg-1.每种饲料设3个重复,每个重复放养40尾大黄鱼.实验采取饱食投喂方式,每天投喂2次(05:30和17:30),实验期间水温为26.5～29.5℃,盐度为25～28,溶解氧含量在7mg·L-1左右.实验结果表明各饲料处理组成活率(84.2%～96.7%)无显著差异.随着饲料中锌含量的增加,大黄鱼的特定生长率(SGR)显著升高[(2.47～2.77)%·d-1,P<0.05],且在91.28mg·kg-1锌饲料组达最大值(2.77%·d-1),然而,随着饲料中锌含量的进一步增加,SGR维持在一相对稳定水平,各处理组间体蛋白(14.0%～15.0%),体脂肪(5.4%～6.1%),灰分(3.7%～4.1%)及水分含量(76.1%～77.9%)均无显著差异(P0.05).饲料锌含量显著影响大黄鱼脊椎骨、全鱼和血清中锌的含量,而对肝脏锌含量无显著影响.以SGR与骨骼锌含量为评价指标,根据折线模型得出大黄鱼对饲料中锌的需要量分别为59.6和84.6mg·kg-1.     

岱衢族大黄鱼室内人工育苗技术的研究

介绍了大黄鱼亲鱼室内常温越冬、提温培育促熟、人工催产与自然产卵成功,获得受精卵320万粒。优质受精卵在控温、增氧、控光照等条件下,孵出仔鱼288万尾,孵化率90%。仔鱼在室内水泥池培育,通过投喂强化的轮虫、卤虫幼体等活生物饵料;控制水温、水质等人工育苗条件,培育出体长2.1~2.6cm大黄鱼苗77.7万尾,育苗成活率达27.5%。并对大黄鱼人工育苗的关键技术进行了探讨。     

福州地区大黄鱼变形假单胞菌的分离与鉴定

为研究2013年春夏之际罗源湾海区网箱养殖大黄鱼(Pseudosciaena crocea)内脏出现白点症状的病原,从具有临床症状的大黄鱼内脏中分离到优势菌,经回接感染试验证实该菌为病原菌;分析该病原菌的形态特征、理化特性、分类地位及药物敏感性等特性,结合16S r DNA序列构建的进化树与假单胞菌属恶臭群中的变形假单胞菌同源性最高,在99%以上,并通过看家基因gyr B序列分析进一步验证该菌为变形假单胞菌(Pseudomonas plecoglossicida);该菌对强力霉素、诺氟沙星、恩诺沙星3种抗生素敏感,对奥氟沙星、左氟沙星、四环素3种抗生素中度敏感。     

大黄鱼血清IgM纯化及其兔抗血清的制备

分别用饱和硫酸铵二次盐析法和蛋白A亲和层析法对健康大黄鱼（Pseudosciaena crocea）血清中的免疫球蛋白（IgM）进行分离纯化,所得产物用SDS-PAGE进行检测.结果表明,蛋白A亲和层析法可以较好地分离到高纯度的大黄鱼血清IgM,产物的电泳胶中只有重链和轻链2个条带;饱和硫酸铵二次盐析法除了有这2个条带,还有很多杂带,而且蛋白A亲和层析法更为简便、快速,因此用蛋白A亲和层析法分离纯化IgM优于饱和硫酸铵二次盐析法;大黄鱼免疫球蛋白重链的分子量在76 kD左右;轻链分子量在28 kD左右.用纯化的大黄鱼IgM免疫实验兔,获得效价高达1：40 960的兔抗鱼IgM血清.本实验所建立的蛋白A亲和层析法提取大黄鱼血清IgM可以方便、快捷地获得高纯度的产物,适合在实验室中纯化鱼类IgM.本研究所制备的兔抗大黄鱼IgM血清可为今后的相关研究工作打下基础.[中国水产科学,2006,13（3）：475-479]     

福建官井洋大黄鱼AFLP指纹多态性的研究

对福建官井洋大黄鱼(Pseudosciaenacrocea)野生种群和2个养殖群体进行5对选择性引物(共37个标本)的AFLP分析。结果表明,共检出503个不同的扩增片段(50～450bp),每对引物扩增出的片段数目为76～155个;在5对引物检出的扩增片段中,101个(20.1%)为全部37个受试个体共有,312个(62.0%)为部分野生与养殖个体共有,53个(10.5%)仅见于野生个体,37个(7.4%)仅见于养殖个体,养殖群体中出现野生种群所没有的扩增片段;野生种群、养殖1、养殖2多态片段比例分别为76.6%、70.6%、69.2%,遗传差异度分别为0.2464、0.2322、0.2299,养殖群体多态片段比例与个体间的遗传差异度均低于野生种群。养殖群体的遗传多样性水平较低,遗传变异相对贫乏。     

Nocardiosis in large yellow croaker, Larimichthys crocea (Richardson)

An epizootic in seawater-cage reared large yellow croaker, Larimichthys crocea, in China was caused by a Nocardia sp. from August to October 2003. The cumulative mortality rate was 15% and the diseased fish were 16 months old with individual length varying from 25 to 30 cm. Multiple, white nodules, 0.1-0.2 cm in diameter, were scattered on the heart, spleen and kidney. The morphology of isolated bacteria from Lowenstein-Jensen medium and tryptic soy agar was bead-like or long, slender, filamentous rods. Experimental infection indicated that the isolated bacterium was the pathogen responsible for the mortalities. A partial sequence of the 16S rRNA gene of the organism and the type strain of Nocardia seriolae JCM 3360T (Z36925) formed a monophyletic clade with a high sequence similarity of 99.9%. Based on the morphological, physiological, biological properties and the phylogenetic analysis, the pathogenic organism was identified as N. seriolae. This is the first report on N. seriolae-infected large yellow croaker in aquaculture.     

Pharmacokinetics of enrofloxacin and its metabolite ciprofloxacin in healthy and Vibrio alginolyticus-infected large yellow croaker (Pseudosciaena crocea)

The present study was designed to explore pharmacokinetics of enrofloxacin and its metabolite ciprofloxacin in healthy and Vibrio alginolyticus-infected large yellow croaker (Pseudosciaena crocea) after a single 10 mg/kg oral dose. Concentrations of enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin in serum, liver, kidney, muscle and skin of fish were determined using high-performance liquid chromatography. Pharmacokinetic parameters were analysed based on classical compartmental model analysis. The overall changes in enrofloxacin concentration–time curves in serum and tissues of diseased fish were similar to those of healthy fish. However, the peak concentration and peak time of enrofloxacin in serum and tissues were different in healthy and diseased fish. A delay of enrofloxacin peak time in serum and all tissues appeared in the diseased fish. The peak concentrations in serum and tissues of the diseased fish were lower than those of healthy fish. In healthy fish, the area under the concentration–time curve (AUC) was in the order serum >liver > kidney >muscle > skin, while AUC was serum >live > muscle >kidney > skin in the diseased fish. The peak concentrations of ciprofloxacin in the liver, serum, kidney, muscle and skin of healthy fish were 0.93 μg/g, 0.55 μg/ml, 0.36 μg/g, 0.37 μg/g and 0.12 μg/g respectively. T_max of ciprofloxacin in the corresponding tissues was 8, 24, 12, 12 and 16 h respectively. In the diseased fish, the peak concentrations of ciprofloxacin in the corresponding tissues were 0.52 μg/g, 0.52 μg/ml, 0.41 μg/g, 0.27 μg/g and 0.13 μg/g respectively. T_max in the corresponding tissues were 0.5, 8, 12, 16 and 48 h respectively. These data indicate that the health status of fish affects drug absorption and metabolism.     

大黄鱼连续4代选育群体遗传多样性与遗传结构的微卫星分析

利用13个多态性微卫星位点分析了大黄鱼官井洋优快01品系F1到F44个选育世代的遗传结构与遗传多样性变化情况。结果显示,随着选育的进行,4个世代群体遗传多样性指标值渐次下降,F1到F413个微卫星位点的平均多态信息含量从0.638下降到0.524,平均等位基因数从5.462下降到4.308,平均观测杂合度从0.779下降到0.532,平均Shannon多样性指数从1.356下降为1.092。F1与其后各代遗传相似系数逐渐减小(从0.7194到0.5813),遗传距离逐渐增加,而相邻世代间的遗传相似性逐步升高,遗传分化指数(FST)渐次变小(F1～F2为0.0619,F2～F3为0.0511,F3～F4则为0.0475)。随着选育的进行,微卫星位点LYC0002和LYC0054等位基因频率有规律地发生变化,推测其可能与选育性状存在遗传上的相关。结果表明,经过连续4代的选育,部分不利基因遭到淘汰,选育群体的遗传基础逐步得到纯化,基因型逐渐趋向纯合、稳定,经进一步的选育可望获得较稳定的品系。     

A metabolomic investigation into the temperature‐dependent virulence of Pseudomonas plecoglossicida from large yellow croaker (Pseudosciaena crocea)

Pseudomonas plecoglossicida is associated with multiple fish diseases, and temperature is one of the most important environmental factors related to its outbreak. To elucidate the influence of temperature variation on the pathogen, the global metabolomics of P. plecoglossicida (NZBD9) were analysed at the virulent (18°C) and avirulent (12°C and 28°C) temperatures. The result showed that the levels of Phosphoric acid, Tyrosine, Spermidine and Sucrose were significantly reduced,while Itaconic acid, Glucaric acid and Isomaltose were increased in P. plecoglossicida at 18°C. These metabolic adjustments assist P. plecoglossicida to survive in adverse environments, proliferate in the host, colonize and resist host immune clearance during the initial steps of infection. The results suggested that L321_03626 and L321_18122 genes played a key role in the regulation of these metabolic adaptions and thus regulated P. plecoglossicida virulence at virulent temperature, which was proved by further gene silencing and artificial infection. The present study, for the first time, determines the P. plecoglossicida metabolomic responses to temperature variation, which is helpful to explore its pathogenic mechanism and provides reference for disease control.     

不同家系大黄鱼肌肉营养成分的比较

对同等养殖条件下所养成的大黄鱼[Pseudosciaena crocea(Richardson)]3个不同家系:WW家系[野生F1(♀)×野生F1(♂)]、WC家系[野生F1(♀)×养殖F8(♂)]和CC家系[养殖F8(♀)×养殖F8(♂)]成鱼肌肉营养成分进行测定,并以野生大黄鱼作为对照,从营养成分的角度分析和评价不同家系大黄鱼的品质。结果显示,野生大黄鱼粗蛋白含量、必需氨基酸以及鲜味氨基酸总量都明显高于家系大黄鱼,而必需脂肪酸含量则低于家系大黄鱼。3个家系之间,粗蛋白质含量、必需氨基酸总量、鲜味氨基酸总量及必需氨基酸指数排列次序由大到小依次为:WW、WC、CC;饱和脂肪酸总量由大到小的排序为:CC、WW、WC;不饱和脂肪酸总量由大到小依次为:WC、WW、CC。研究认为,家系之间主要营养成分指标存在一定差异,这是由遗传因素决定的,因此通过家系选择进行大黄鱼肉质改良是可能的,但是同时必须结合饲料营养成分的补充和调控以及养殖环境条件的改善,才能较快速地使养殖大黄鱼的品质达到或接近野生大黄鱼的水平。     

大黄鱼网箱养殖水体的细菌群落结构

以16S rDNA为分子标记, 通过构建克隆文库、限制性片段长度多态性(Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism, RFLP)分析等技术手段, 研究大黄鱼(Larimichthys crocea)网箱养殖水体中细菌的群落结构。样品采自福建省宁德市三都湾富发养殖基地。随机选取5个不同养殖网箱水样混合, 取3 L混合水样过滤富集细菌后提取总DNA, 用细菌通用引物27F和1 492R扩增其16S rRNA基因, 构建克隆文库。从文库中随机挑选154个克隆子进行分析, 得到137个阳性克隆, 92种RFLP带型。对部分代表性克隆子进行测序的结果表明, 大黄鱼养殖水体中细菌多样性非常丰富。序列分析结果显示, γ-变形菌纲的假交替单胞菌属(Pseudoalteromonas)细菌为最优势菌(占γ-变形菌纲克隆子数的31.2%), 海源菌属(Idiomarina)次之(占γ-变形菌纲克隆子数的15.1%)。此外还存在6.6%的厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)、5.9%的拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)、各0.7%的浮霉状菌门(Planctomycetes)、绿屈挠菌门(Chloroflexi)、绿菌门(Chlorobi)细菌和OP11类群。本研究结果阐明了网箱养殖大黄鱼水体细菌的群落结构, 为大黄鱼养殖区病害防治、环境监测以及探讨大黄鱼健康养殖与养殖水体细菌间的关系奠定了基础。     

网箱养殖大黄鱼诺卡氏菌病的初步研究

首次报道了大黄鱼诺卡氏菌病的发生情况。病鱼以体表和心、脾、肾等内脏出现白色结节为主要症状,平均死亡率15％。对病鱼进行细菌分离培养和光镜、电镜检查,均发现长或短的丝状分枝状杆菌。用分离菌株作回归感染,证实为该大黄鱼结节病的病原菌。对病原菌的基本生物学特性进行了研究,确定病原为诺卡氏菌。     

Evaluation of Enteromorpha prolifera as a feed component in large yellow croaker (Pseudosciaena crocea,Richardson, 1846) diets

A 9‐week feeding trial was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary Enteromorpha prolifera on the growth performance and body composition of juvenile large yellow croaker (Pseudosciaena crocea) (Richardson, 1846) (11.41 ± 1.59 g) in floating sea cages (1.5 × 1.5 × 2.0 m). Four isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets were formulated to contain graded levels (0%, 5%, 10% and 15%) of E. prolifera. Survival ranged from 98.7% to 99.7%, and was independent of dietary treatment (P>0.05). There were no significant differences in the feeding rate among dietary treatments (P>0.05). The specific growth rate (SGR) increased with increasing levels of E. prolifera. When the supplementation of E. prolifera was >5%, SGR was significantly higher compared with the control group (0%). The feed efficiency ratio (FER) in fish fed the diet with 5%E. prolifera (diet 2) was higher than that of the other groups, while in fish fed the diet with 10%E. prolifera (diet 3), it was the lowest (P<0.05). The protein retention (PR) decreased as the level of E. prolifera increased in diets (5%, 10% and 15%). The protein body content displayed a trend similar to that of PR. No significant difference was observed in body moisture and ash among the dietary treatments. An increase in minerals of potassium, magnesium and sodium in body was observed with an increase in dietary seaweed concentrations. On basis of the SGR and FER, supplementation levels of E. prolifera can reach at least 15% without affecting the growth and still maintain a high survival rate for juvenile large yellow croaker.     

Effects of salinity on the physiological responses of the large yellow croaker Pseudosciaena crocea under indoor culture conditions

The physiological responses to different environmental salinities were assessed in juveniles of large yellow croaker Pseudosciaena crocea. This species shows a good capacity to adapt to comparatively low environmental salinities by evaluating some physiological responses, i.e. superoxide dismutase (SOD), acid phosphatase (ACP), alkaline phosphatase (AKP) and lysozyme (LZM) in the liver, spleen, gill and kidney respectively. Growth and survival at salinity 5‰, 10‰ and 25‰ were better than those at salinity 15‰ and 20‰. No significant differences in ACP, AKP, SOD and LZM in the liver were observed among different salinity treatments; SOD, AKP and LZM in the spleen among different treatments only showed significant differences at the beginning or the 2nd week; in the gill, no significant difference of AKP and LZM were observed during the whole experiment, SOD among different treatments showed significant difference at the beginning and the 8th week, and ACP only showed significant difference at the end of the experiment; in the kidney, significant differences in ACP, AKP and SOD among different salinities were merely observed at the end of experiment, and LZM showed significant difference among different treatments at the 2nd week. Overall, some slight stress responses were observed, but few significant differences were observed between low salinity and normal salinity, especially the growth and physiological functions were not influenced by low salinity, i.e. 5‰ and 10‰. We conclude that juvenile large yellow croaker is tolerant to low salinity and shows a potential for low salinity culture.     

基于灰色系统理论的网箱养殖大黄鱼疾病预报

为预报网箱养殖大黄鱼细菌性疾病的发生,以舟山市网箱养殖大黄鱼为研究对象,根据2001-2008年间舟山市网箱养殖大黄鱼发病情况的监测数据和各采样点海洋环境因子的测定数据,应用灰色系统理论探索了网箱养殖大黄鱼细菌性疾病的发生发展规律及其与环境因子的关系;建立了灰色预报模型GM(1,1)和GM(1,N),预报网箱养殖大黄鱼细菌性疾病的发生时间和发病率.灰色关联分析结果表明,大黄鱼细菌性疾病的发病率与养殖水域的环境因子都有不同程度的关联;把水温、悬浮物、无机氮和COD选作先行指标,用这些因子的不同组合建立了GM(1,5)、GM(1,4)和GM(1,3)模型,比较这些模型的平均相对误差,由无机氮和COD构成的GM(1,3)模型平均相对误差最小,为5.304％;用GM(1,1)模型对大规模细菌性疾病发生的时间进行了预测,预测结果与实际情况基本一致.     

大黄鱼UBXN1基因鉴定及其过表达后的转录组分析

为探究UBXN1在大黄鱼抗盾纤毛虫感染中的作用及其可能涉及的免疫信号通路,本实验采用RT-PCR鉴定了大黄鱼UBXN1基因,并利用在线软件对其序列特征进行生物信息学分析; 采用实时荧光定量 PCR(qPCR)探究UBXN1在多个组织的表达情况,及盾纤毛虫感染下的表达变化;免疫荧光分析UBXN1的亚细胞定位;转录组筛选UBXN1过表达后的差异表达基因。结果显示：UBXN1基因cDNA全长为915 bp,编码304 个氨基酸。蛋白序列同源比对和结构预测表明UBXN1是一个进化保守的蛋白,包含UBA和UBX结构域。qPCR分析表明UBXN1呈组成型分布表达,脑中表达量最高,其次是肝脏、心脏和肾脏,在肌肉中表达量最低;盾纤毛虫感染大黄鱼,UBXN1在脾脏、脑、肝脏和肾脏表达量早期显著升高,后期逐步恢复至正常水平。亚细胞定位分析表明,UBXN1在大黄鱼肾脏细胞质和细胞核均有表达。在293T细胞过表达UBXN1,转录组分析筛选到12个上调基因,4个下调基因,其中RPL41/RPL39/XIST/RNA45SN4表达量显著增加,而ATP8/ND4L表达量显著减少。这些研究结果表明UBXN1在大黄鱼抗寄生虫免疫应答中发挥重要作用, 并为进一步深入研究UBXN1的免疫调控信号通路奠定基础, 这是目前在鱼类首次报道UBXN1。