鹅副粘病毒的组织嗜性

用单克隆抗体介导的免疫过氧化物酶（MC－IP）技术，对21只鹅副粘病毒病鹅体内的病毒抗原进行定位，结合组织病理学观察结果，探讨了鹅副粘病毒的组织嗜性。结果显示，除脑和心脏未检测到病毒外，在气管、肺、食道、肝脏、腺胃、胰腺、肠、哈氏腺、胸腺、脾脏、法氏囊、肾脏等器官都能检测到病毒，病毒抗原定位于上述器官的各种上皮细胞，淋巴细胞、网状细胞和巨噬细胞的胞浆内，其中以胃肠粘膜上皮细胞和法氏囊、胸腺、脾脏的淋巴细胞和网状细胞内检出率高，阳性反应强。这些结果提示，鹅副粘病毒是一种泛嗜性病毒，胃肠粘膜上皮和淋巴组织是其主要侵嗜部位。     

鸡腺胃炎的发病原因及流行规律

鸡腺胃炎是一种以腺胃炎性肿大,胸腺、法氏囊萎缩为主要特征的新传染病,我地区父母代种鸡和商品代肉鸡及产蛋鸡均频繁发生,并且呈逐年递增的趋势。1病原分析目前,该病病原还没明确说法。人们已在腺胃病变组织中观察及分离到多种病毒,有冠状病毒、呼肠孤病毒、禽网状内皮增生症病毒、真菌毒素、肿瘤诱生病毒、多瘤病毒、腺病毒、双RNA病毒等,细菌及饲料原料因素也可引发。我国有人从江苏省病     

鸡传染性腺胃病的研究进展

1995年以来 ,江苏、山东等地鸡群相继发生了一种以腺胃肿大、腺胃乳头溃疡为特征的传染病 ,习惯称为“鸡传染性腺胃病”,临床上也经常有类似病例。为了在生产实践中能给予正确的诊断和防治 ,现就有关资料综述如下。1　病　原该病病原 ,至今仍众说纷纭 ,具体有几种观点 :腺胃型传染性支气管炎病毒、呼肠弧病毒 (Reovirus,REO)、网状内皮组织增生病病毒 (Reticuloendotheliosis,REV)等。1 .1　腺胃型传染性支气管炎病毒 (即冠状病毒 )　王永坤 (1 996 )、王玉东 (1 997)等先后从鸡传染性腺胃病的病料中分离到了冠状病毒 ,认为该病原是 IB…     

鸡传染性腺胃炎的鉴别诊断及防制

<正>传染性腺胃炎是一种以鸡群高度精神沉郁、生长迟缓、苍白消瘦、粪便中有未消化或消化不良饲料,剖检以腺胃肿大呈球状、腺胃乳头充血、出血、溃疡,免疫器官萎缩为特征的慢性疾病。1病原关于本病的病原众说纷云,分别有不同学者在发病鸡只中先后分离到鸡冠状病毒、呼肠孤病毒、禽网状内皮组织增生症病     

应用荧光PCR诊断鸡腺胃型传染性支气管炎

应用荧光PCR试剂盒对临床表现为消瘦和腺胃肿大为特征的患鸡病料进行鸡传染性支气管炎病毒(IBV)、禽网状内皮组织增殖病病毒(REV)和鸡马立克氏病病毒(MDV)核酸检测。结果显示:鸡传染性支气管炎病毒荧光RT-PCR检测为阳性,禽网状内皮组织增殖病病毒荧光RT-PCR检测为阴性,鸡马立克氏病病毒荧光PCR检测为阴性。结合患鸡精神沉郁,极度消瘦,腺胃肿大如球状等的临床表现,综合分析表明该患鸡发病主要病因为感染鸡腺胃型传染性支气管炎病毒。     

鸡的网状内皮增生症、淋巴细胞白血病与肌胃炎腺胃炎的临床鉴别诊断

正在禽病临床诊治过程中,时常遇到肝脏不太肿大,但肝脏上有大小不一的灰白色肿瘤结节。病理解剖病变特点是肝脏、心脏、脾脏、卵巢、肾脏、肠道等内脏器官有淋巴瘤,胸腺和法氏囊萎缩,腺胃有时异常肿大。这种病称之为网状内皮增生症。鸡网状内皮增生症是由网状内皮组织增生症病毒引起的一种肿瘤性传染病,1966年有专家证实本病毒与白血病毒为同属病毒,但有若干的差异,而命名为网状内皮增生症病毒。感染后病鸡表现为     

鸡传染性腺胃炎的流行及病因分析

鸡传染性腺胃炎是一种由多种原因引起的鸡腺胃综合征,主要以鸡的生长缓慢或阻滞、腺胃肿大充血、腺胃乳头出血、溃疡甚至糜烂为特征的传染性疾病。鸡传染性腺胃炎的病原较复杂,可能主要有禽网状内皮组织增殖病病毒、冠状病毒、鸡痘病毒及霉菌毒素等构成。一般认为该病的发生由病毒、霉菌及细菌等多种因素协同作用。由于病因尚无定论,加之该病防制困难,给养禽业造成了重大的经济损失。文章就鸡传染性腺胃炎几个主要的发病原因进行分析和叙述。     

鸡传染性腺胃炎的临床分型与防治研究

近几年一种以鸡生长不良、消瘦、整齐度差、腺胃肿大呈乳白色球状、腺胃黏膜溃疡、脱落、腺一肌胃交界处糜烂为主要特征的鸡病给养鸡业造成了重大的经济损失。因为该病的临床症状、病理变化表现不尽相同,有人分离出了类细小病毒粒子、呼肠病毒、肿瘤诱生病毒、禽网状内皮增生症病毒、冠状病毒、多瘤病毒、萼状病毒、肠病毒、腺病毒、新城疫病毒、双RNA病毒和细菌等等。     

一例蛋鸡禽网状内皮组织增殖病和禽白血病混合感染的诊治

某蛋鸡场80日龄蛋鸡出现渐进性消瘦和生长发育不良,剖检可见腺胃肿大,乳头挤压出现脓性分泌物。无菌取病死鸡的腺胃进行荧光定量RT-PCR/PCR检测,结果显示该样品禽网状内皮组织增殖病病毒、禽白血病病毒均为阳性。结合临床症状、剖检病变和实验室检测结果,该蛋鸡场发病的原因是由禽网状内皮组织增殖病病毒和禽白血病病毒混合感染而引起的。     

鸡痘继发腺胃炎的综合诊断

<正>鸡腺胃炎是多因素引起的鸡腺胃或肌胃炎症,主要表现为食欲下降或不食,机体消瘦,剖检腺胃有明显的充血、肿胀,胃内有大量黏液,重病患鸡在腺胃表面有大面积的坏死灶,严重时可引起死亡的一种慢性消化道疾病。近期鸡腺胃炎疾病呈区域性流行高发趋势,该病病原还没明确说法,有的认为是腺病毒、网状内皮组织增生症、腺胃型传支、真菌毒素中毒等。鸡群发生鸡痘,尤其是眼型鸡痘时,腺胃炎发病也随之增多,有时在鸡痘之后继发,有时并发。山东地区     

Phase I evaluation of CCNU (lomustine) in tumor-bearing cats

1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.     

Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects

Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.     

Prevalence of gastric lesions in racing Alaskan sled dogs

Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.     

The Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Nematodes of Dairy Cattle in Central Kenya

The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round.     

Diversity of Ectoparasites in Sheep Flocks in Sa~o Paulo,Brazil

The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host.     

Evaluation of biohydrogenation rate of canola vs. soya bean seeds as unsaturated fatty acids sources for ruminants in situ

An experiment was conducted to study disappearance of C14 to C18 fatty acids, lag times and biohydrogenation (BH) rates of C18 fatty acids of ground soya bean and canola seeds in situ. Three ruminally fistulated Dallagh sheep were used to determine ruminal BH of unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs). Differences in the disappearance of fatty acids through the bags and lag times were observed between the oilseeds. We saw that the longer the incubation time of the oilseeds in the rumen, the lower the content of C18:2 and C18:3. Significantly higher lag times for both C18:2 and C18:3 were observed in ground canola compared to ground soya bean. BH rates of C18:2 and C18:3 fatty acids in soya bean were three times higher than those of canola. These results suggest that the fatty acid profile of fat source can affect the BH of UFAs by rumen micro‐organisms. So that UFAs of canola had higher ability to escape from ruminal BH. It seems that fatty acid profile of ruminant products is more affected by canola seed compared to soya bean seed.     

Serum biochemical values and mineral element contents of tissues in yaks

Serum biochemical values and the wet weight to dry weight ratios of tissues were determined in yaks in Shandan county of Gansu province. The liver, kidney, heart and muscle contents of seven elements in yaks were also analysed. Most serum biochemical values were similar to those of cattle, camels and sheep, but the calcium concentration was considerably above the normal range for other ruminants. The liver contained the highest concentrations of copper, manganese and cobalt and the kidney of selenium, iron and calcium.Abbreviations Alb albumin - ALT alanine aminotransferase - AST aspartate aminotransferase - BUN blood urea nitrogen - Chol cholesterol - Glob globulin - -GT -glutamyl transpeptidase - IP inorganic phosphorus - TP total protein     

Avian brood parasitism — a growing research area in behavioral ecology (part Ⅱ)

正We are pleased to publish the second special issue on avian brood parasitism and to be responsible guest editors for the two special issues of Chinese Birds (Vol. 3, No. 4, 2012 and Vol. 4, No. 1, 2013), entitled "Avian Brood Parasitism - A Growing Research Area in Behavioral Ecology". The first issue was published in December 2012. The goal of the two special issues is to publish accumulated knowledge and some of the recent developments in     

Internal Parasites and Haematological Values in Cattle Slaughtered in Buea Subdivision of Cameroon

Tropical Animal Health and Production -