饲粮维生素E水平对鹅免疫和抗氧化功能的影响

本试验旨在研究饲粮维生素E水平对鹅免疫和抗氧化功能的影响,以确定1～12周龄鹅饲粮维生素E的最适添加量。选用1日龄平均体重为(111.1±6.5)g青农灰鹅180只,随机分为6组,每组3个重复,每个重复10只。6组试验鹅分别饲喂在基础饲粮中添加0(对照组)、5、10、20、40和80 IU/kg维生素E的试验饲粮。试验期为12周。结果表明:1)与对照组相比,10、20、40、80 IU/kg维生素E组4周龄和12周龄胸腺指数显著或极显著增加(P<0.05或P<0.01),20、40、80 IU/kg维生素E组4周龄和12周龄法氏囊指数显著增加(P<0.05)。饲粮添加20 IU/kg维生素E可显著或极显著提高新城疫免疫后7、14、21 d的抗体滴度(P<0.05或P<0.01),添加20、40、80 IU/kg维生素E可显著或极显著提高4周龄和12周龄的外周血淋巴细胞转化率(P<0.05或P<0.01)。2)血清和肝脏谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性,4周龄时20、40、80 IU/kg维生素E组显著高于对照组(P<0.05);12周龄时10、20、40、80 IU/kg维生素E组显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。与对照组相比,4周龄时40 IU/kg维生素E组血清总超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)活性显著升高(P<0.05);4周龄时10 IU/kg维生素E组肝脏T-SOD活性显著升高(P<0.05);12周龄时20、40、80 IU/kg维生素E组肝脏T-SOD活性显著升高(P<0.05)。4周龄时40 IU/kg维生素E组,12周龄时20、40、80 IU/kg维生素E组血清总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)显著高于对照组(P<0.05);4周龄时20 IU/kg维生素E组肝脏T-AOC显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。3)与对照组相比,4周龄和12周龄时各维生素E添加组血清和肝脏丙二醛(MDA)含量均有不同程度地降低;4周龄和12周龄时40 IU/kg维生素E组血清过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性显著升高(P<0.05)。由此得出:1)饲粮中添加维生素E可提高鹅的免疫和抗氧化功能。2)运用回归方程预测,最佳免疫和抗氧化条件下1～12周龄鹅饲粮维生素E适宜添加量为44.31～53.11 IU/kg;以血清MDA含量为参考依据确定1～12周龄鹅饲粮维生素E最低添加量为6.84 IU/kg。     

饲粮维生素D添加水平对蛋雏鸭免疫及抗氧化功能的影响

本试验旨在研究饲粮维生素D添加水平对1～28日龄蛋雏鸭免疫及抗氧化功能的影响,以探讨饲粮维生素D的适宜添加量。试验选取健康、体重相近的1日龄金定蛋雏鸭180只,随机分为5组(Ⅰ～Ⅴ组),每组6个重复,每个重复6只试鸭。采用玉米-豆粕型基础饲粮,Ⅰ组(对照组)试鸭饲喂基础饲粮,Ⅱ～Ⅴ组试鸭分别饲喂在基础饲粮中添加110、220、550、1 000 IU/kg维生素D的试验饲粮,试验期4周。结果表明:饲粮添加550 IU/kg维生素D可显著提高胸腺指数、脾脏指数(P<0.05),并显著增强肝脏超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性(P<0.05),降低血清白细胞介素-2(IL-2)及血清和肝脏丙二醛(MDA)含量(P<0.05);饲粮添加220、550 IU/kg维生素D可显著提高血清总蛋白(TP)和白蛋白(ALB)含量(P<0.05),并显著增强血清SOD和GSH-Px活性及血清和肝脏总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)(P<0.05)。综合本试验结果,在玉米-豆粕型基础饲粮中添加适量的维生素D可提高1～28日龄蛋雏鸭的免疫及抗氧化功能。综合考虑各指标,通过二次回归模型估测得出维生素D适宜添加量为512.8～550.0 IU/kg。     

日粮维生素E水平对山羊精液品质的影响

采用4×4拉丁方设计,给金堂黑山羊饲喂维生素E浓度不同(常量:30 mg/kg维生素E,10,50,100倍常量的添加量)而其他营养成分均一致的4种日粮,探索日粮中添加维生素E对山羊精液品质的影响。结果表明:日粮中添加维生素E有助于提高山羊采精量、精子密度和鲜精活率,改善其精液品质(P<0.05);随着日粮中维生素E浓度的增加,山羊采精量、精子密度和鲜精活率也随之改善,添加量为常量的50倍(1500 mg/kg)时,精子密度和鲜精活率最佳(P<0.01)。当添加量超过常量50倍时(100),精子密度和鲜精活率有所降低,但与添加量为50倍的试验组差异不显著(P>0.05)。     

日粮维生素E水平对种公猪精液品质的影响

选择年龄、体重、精液质量较一致、正在使用的健康壮年长白公猪5头,采用5&#215;5拉丁方设计,在不同的阶段分别饲喂含维生素E10 IU／kg（处理1）、25IU／kg（处理2）、40IU／kg（处理3）、55IU／kg（处理4）、70IU／kg（处理5）的饲粮,探索日粮中添加维生素E对长白种公猪精液品质的影响。结果表明：随着日粮中维生素E浓度的增加,处理4采精量最高,处理3精子密度最高,但采精量和精子密度各处理间差异不显著（P〉0．05）;处理3、4、5之间精子活率、精子畸形率差异不显著（P〉0．05）,但它们显著高于处理1（P〈0．05）。结论：日粮中添加维生素E有助于改善长白种公猪精液品质,长白种公猪饲粮中维生素E的含量以40IU／kg为宜。     

高温环境下日粮中添加锌、维生素E和β-胡萝卜素对公牛精液品质和抗氧化指标的影响

旨在研究高温季节日粮中添加维生素(维生素E和β-胡萝卜素)和锌对荷斯坦公牛精液品质、抗氧化指标的变化,探讨高温季节公牛维生素和锌的适宜添加量。本试验采用随机区组设计,选取体重相近(1 010±80)kg、采精正常、健康的纯种荷斯坦成年种公牛60头,随机分为4组,每组15头。4个处理组分别为Ⅰ组:对照组(基础日粮);Ⅱ组:基础日粮+100mg·kg-1 DM Zn;Ⅲ组:基础日粮+维生素(300mg·kg-1 DM维生素E和60mg·kg-1DMβ-胡萝卜素);Ⅳ组:基础日粮+100mg·kg-1 DM Zn+维生素(300mg·kg-1 DM维生素E和60mg·kg-1DMβ-胡萝卜素),试验期120d。结果表明:添加维生素和锌可改善公牛的精液品质,显著提高鲜精活力(Ⅳ组0.649 vs对照组0.575)、精子密度(Ⅳ组15.16×108个·mL-1 vs对照组11.81×108个·mL-1)、冻精活力(Ⅳ组0.340 vs对照组0.283)、精子顶体完整率(Ⅳ组45.2%vs对照组41.8%),显著降低精子畸形率(Ⅳ组13.47%vs对照组16.81%),但对射精量无显著影响(Ⅳ组11.56mL vs对照组10.33mL)。添加维生素可显著提高Cu-Zn SOD的活性(P<0.01);添加锌可显著提高血清T-AOC(P<0.01)和GSH-Px活性(P<0.01);血清中MDA(P=0.053 5)和羟自由基(P=0.069 8)可随着维生素和锌的添加而降低。在4个试验组中,血清中Cu-Zn SOD、T-AOC和GSH-Px的活性Ⅳ组最高,而MDA的浓度以Ⅳ组最低。添加维生素可显著增加精清中总SOD(P<0.01)和TAOC(P<0.01),日粮中添加锌可提高精清中Cu-Zn SOD的活力(P<0.05)。综上表明,夏季高温季节添加300mg·kg-1 DM维生素E、60mg·kg-1 DMβ-胡萝卜素和100mg·kg-1 DM Zn可以改善精液品质。     

补饲维生素E对辽宁绒山羊种公羊血浆抗氧化指标及精液品质的影响

试验旨在研究补饲维生素E对辽宁绒山羊种公羊血浆抗氧化指标及精液品质的影响。选择体重相近的1.5岁辽宁绒山羊种公羊28只,随机分为4组,各组基础日粮一致,维生素E补饲量分别为0、50、250、500 mg/(d.只),分析辽宁绒山羊种公羊血浆抗氧化指标及精液品质。结果表明:补饲维生素E能提高辽宁绒山羊种公羊血浆维生素E含量(P<0.05)、血浆SOD活性及T-AOC(P<0.05),降低血浆MDA含量(P<0.05),还能显著增加射精量、精子活力及精子密度(P<0.05)。结果提示,补饲维生素E能显著改善辽宁绒山羊种公羊血浆抗氧化指标及精液品质,本试验以250 mg/(d.只)为维生素E的适宜补饲量。     

左旋肉碱和维生素对公猪精液品质的影响

以大白和长白成年种公猪为研究材料,研究添加左旋肉碱和维生素对公猪精液品质的影响。试验采用单因子随机试验设计,试验1选择24头平均为18月龄的大白种公猪,按照体重、月龄随机分为2组,每组12头,饲喂期90d。试验2选择20头平均为18月龄的长白种公猪,按照体重、月龄随机分为2组,每组10头,饲喂期90d。试验1结果表明:添加左旋肉碱和维生素组公猪精液量、精子活力和精子的畸形率改善显著(P0.05)。试验2的结果表明:添加左旋肉碱和维生素组,精子密度和精子的畸形率改善显著(P0.05)。     

稀释液中添加维生素E对和田羊冷冻精液品质的影响

在和田羊精液冷冻稀释液中添加不同浓度的维生素E,比较其对和田羊冷冻精液品质的影响。结果表明：维生素E添加量为1．2mg／mL时精子解冻后活率（43．56％）显著高于对照组（34．14％）和其他各添加组（P〈0．05）;顶体完整率（51．39％）极显著高于对照组（40．12％）和其他各添加组（P〈0．01）。说明在冷冻精液稀释液中添加适当浓度维生素E可以减缓冷冻对精子的伤害,有效提高和田羊冷冻一解冻后精子活率,改善冷冻精液的品质。     

饲粮维生素E水平对43～63日龄黄羽肉鸡肉品质和抗氧化功能的影响

本试验旨在研究饲粮维生素E水平对43 ～ 63日龄黄羽肉鸡肉品质和抗氧化功能的影响.选用1 440只43日龄岭南黄羽肉公鸡,采用单因子随机分组试验设计,共设6个处理,每个处理6个重复,每个重复40只鸡.试验采用玉米淀粉-豆粕型基础饲粮,各处理饲粮营养水平除维生素E水平不同外,其他均相同.空白对照组饲喂未添加维生素E的基础饲粮,其余各处理饲粮中分别添加5、10、20、40、80 mg/kg维生素E.试验期21 d,试鸡地面平养,自由采食颗粒料和自由饮水.结果表明:1)饲粮中维生素E添加水平对试鸡生长性能和胴体品质无显著性影响(P＞0.05).2)胸肌肉色的L*、a*、b *值和肌肉嫩度也未受饲粮维生素E添加水平显著影响(P＞0.05).添加各水平维生素E均显著提高了宰后45 min胸肌pH(P ＜0.05),添加5、10、40、80 mg/kg维生素E均显著提高了宰后24 h胸肌pH(P ＜0.05).添加20、40 mg/kg维生素E显著降低了宰后45 min胸肌滴水损失,添加5、10、40、80 mg/kg维生素E显著降低了宰后48 h胸肌滴水损失(P＜0.05).3)饲粮中添加不同水平维生素E对试鸡血清中丙二醛(MDA)含量和总超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)活性无显著性影响(P＞0.05),添加10、20 mg/kg维生素E使试鸡血清中谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性分别比对照组提高了27.51％、30.57％(P＜0.05).添加各水平维生素E均使试鸡肝脏中GSH-Px活性显著提高(P＜0.05),添加20、40、80 mg/kg维生素E均显著降低了肝脏中MDA含量(P＜0.05),显著提高了肝脏中α-生育酚含量和肌肉中T-SOD活性(P＜0.05).以上试验结果提示,饲粮中添加维生素E可提高43～63日龄黄羽肉鸡机体抗氧化功能,改善肉品质,且添加20 mg/kg效果较好.     

Effect of dietary vitamin E and selenium supplementation on semen quality in Cairn Terriers with normospermia

Among others, selenium (Se) and vitamin E (VitE) have been provided to dogs to improve semen quality. However, scientific evidence documenting an effect in dogs is lacking. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of supplementation of these antioxidants on various ejaculate parameters in a randomized, double‐blinded trial using Cairn Terrier males exhibiting normal seminal quality parameters. Three dogs each were fed a standardized diet and supplemented with 0.1 mg Se, 100 mg VitE or 0.1 mg Se + 100 mg VitE/dog for 3 months. Ejaculate analyses (volume, progressive motility, vitality, morphology, concentration) were performed before inclusion (D0) and after 1, 2 and 3 months (+1, +2, +3). At the same time, glutathione peroxidase (GSH‐PX) and VitE in seminal plasma (SP) and GSH‐PX in blood samples were determined. Vitamin E levels in SP were below the detection limit (1.0 mg/L) in all samples. GSH‐PX in blood (164.0–2794.4 IU/L) and SP (18.4–4326.0 IU/L) was highly variable. Supplementation only significantly affected the total percentage of sperm head abnormalities (p = .011). Time significantly affected the percentage of morphologically abnormal sperm (p = .025), sperm head abnormalities (p = .007), proximal droplets (p = .001) and GSH‐PX in SP (p = .015). Additionally, a significant interaction between time and group was identified for the percentage of membrane‐intact sperm (p = .048), head abnormalities (p = .018), acrosomal defects (p = .043) and proximal droplets (p = .002). Although some effects could be identified for selected parameters, we failed to identify a clear trend about how a 3 months VitE and/or Se supplementation affects semen parameters in normospermic Cairn Terriers.     

Effect of dietary vanadium and vitamin C on egg quality and antioxidant status in laying hens

This study assessed the effect of dietary vanadium (V) and vitamin C (VC) on production performance, egg quality and antioxidant status in laying hens. A total of 360 laying hens (31‐week‐old) were randomly allotted into a 3 × 3 factorial arrangement treatments (four replicates and 10 chicks per replicate) with three levels of dietary V (0, 5 and 10 mg/kg) and three levels of vitamin C (0, 50 and 100 mg/kg) for 12 weeks. The effect of V and VC did not alter egg production, egg weight, average daily feed intake and feed conversion ratio during 1–12 week. Albumen height and Haugh unit value were linearly decreased (p < 0.001) by addition of V, whereas the effect of 100 mg/kg VC was observed to counteract (p < 0.05) this effect in V‐containing treatments during 1–12 week. Hens fed V‐containing diet laid lighter (linear effect, p < 0.05) coloured eggs (higher lightness value, lower redness and yellowness value), and the VC exerted no influence on it during 1–12 week. The serum superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH‐Px) activities, ability to inhibit hydroxyl radical, were significantly decreased, and the malondialdehyde (MDA) and V contents were increased (p < 0.05) by effect of V during 4, 8 and 12 week. The effect of VC alone and the interactive effect between VC and V were shown to increase serum (p < 0.05) SOD activity in 4 week and decrease MAD levels in 12 week. The result indicate that V decreased the egg quality and caused the oxidative stress at level of 5 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg, and the addition of 100 mg/kg vitamin C can alleviate its egg quality reduction effect and can mitigate the oxidative stress to some extent.     

Effect of dietary vitamin E supplementation and feeding period on pork quality

Feeding increased levels of dietary vitamin E can inhibit lipid oxidation. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of levels of dietary alpha-tocopherol acetate (VE) and feeding duration on meat quality and lipid oxidation. Eighty-one pigs were allocated to 1 of 3 diets containing 40, 200, or 400 IU of VE/kg of feed, and each diet group was divided into 3 feeding periods (3, 6, or 9 wk). Carcass characteristics and meat quality were evaluated. Oxidative stability of fresh and cooked pork patties and pork chops was determined after chilled or frozen storage. Increasing dietary concentrations of VE did not affect any growth performance parameter. Drip loss, however, decreased (P < 0.05) with increased dietary VE levels. Moreover, an increased duration of VE feeding improved (P < 0.05) pH and drip loss. Less lipid oxidation (P < 0.05) was detected in fresh ground pork from pigs fed greater concentrations of VE after 4 d of storage. A greater (P < 0.05) resistance to oxidation in cooked ground pork was observed in pigs fed 200 or 400 IU of VE/kg at 2 and 6 d of storage. Fresh and cooked pork patty oxidation decreased (P < 0.05) linearly as feeding duration increased from 3 to 9 wk. After 6 mo of freezer storage, lipid oxidation of pork chops from pigs fed 200 or 400 IU of VE/kg was lower (P < 0.05) than for pigs fed 40 IU of VE/kg. Likewise, lipid oxidation of pork chops of pigs fed VE for an extended period of time (6 wk) was lower (P < 0.05) after 9 mo of storage. Fatty acid profiles of neutral lipid fraction of the LM became more unsaturated (P < 0.05) with added VE to the feed. These results indicate an increased intake of dietary VE concentration, and prolonged feeding of VE can improve drip loss and reduce lipid oxidation in ground pork and pork chops. This study suggests that supplementation with 200 IU of VE/kg of feed for 6 wk before market is beneficial in improving lipid stability and pork quality.     

Effects of dietary vitamin E and fat supplementation on pork quality

The effects of dietary vitamin E (VE, alpha-tocopherol acetate) and fat supplementation on growth and carcass quality characteristics, oxidative stability of fresh and cooked pork patty in storage, fatty acid profiles of muscle and adipose tissue, and VE concentrations of plasma, muscle, and adipose tissue were studied. Six hundred pigs were allocated to 1 of 6 diets and fed for 63 d in a 3 x 2 factorial design. The dietary treatments included 3 fat levels (normal corn, high oil corn, high oil corn plus added beef tallow) and 2 levels of VE supplementation (40 IU/kg, normal VE supplementation; and 200 IU/kg, high VE supplementation). At 113 kg of BW, 54 pigs were slaughtered as a subsample to evaluate dietary effects on pork quality. Growth performance and meat quality characteristics did not differ (P > 0.05) among treatment groups. The high level of VE supplementation had a beneficial effect on the oxidative stability of pork as indicated by thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) values. Lean tissue had lower (P < 0.05) TBARS in the group fed the high VE than in those fed the normal VE level. The TBARS values differed among storage periods (0 to 6 d) and also between fresh and cooked ground ham. Fat type did not significantly affect total saturated and unsaturated fatty acids proportions in the neutral and polar fraction of muscle. Adding VE acetate led to greater (P < 0.05) monounsaturated and total unsaturated fatty acid proportions in neutral lipids of muscle and adipose tissues. Increasing dietary levels of VE acetate increased the concentration of VE in plasma and muscle. These results indicate that dietary VE acetate supplementation increased (P < 0.05) lipid stability and the VE concentration of muscle.     

绵羊精液稀释液中添加PUFA对冷冻精液品质的影响

通过在绵羊精液冷冻稀释液葡3-3稀释液(葡萄糖-柠檬酸盐-卵黄)中添加富含多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)的深海鱼油,研究其对绵羊精子冷冻-解冻过程的作用.     

茶多酚对生长猪机体维生素E状态、抗氧化性能及肉质的影响

日粮添加维生素E对降低动物脂质过氧化具有重要作用,可以改善动物肉品质及动物健康状况。本试验在日粮中添加不同水平的茶多酚,研究其对生长猪维生素E状态、血浆抗氧化性能及肉质的影响。选择240头平均体重为(31.24±0.48)kg的三元猪,随机分为3组,每组4个重复,每个重复20头猪。试验共设计3种日粮,对照组饲喂基础日粮,处理组在基础日粮中分别添加10和100 mg/kg茶多酚,试验共进行5周。结果显示:各处理组对生长猪试验初期和末期血浆总抗氧化力和铁还原力均无显著影响(P> 0.05),但对照组、10和100 mg/kg茶多酚添加组血浆试验末期铁还原力均显著高于试验初期(P <0.05)。日粮添加茶多酚对生长猪肝脏、肌肉、血浆α-生育酚和γ-生育酚含量均无显著影响(P> 0.05),其中肝脏生育酚含量最高,之后依次是肌肉、肺和血浆。日粮添加10或100 mg/kg茶多酚,肺中α-生育酚和γ-生育酚含量较对照组有提高趋势(P=0.09)。各组对生长猪肉质均无显著影响(P> 0.05)。日粮添加100 mg/kg茶多酚较对照组提高了生长猪屠宰后48 h肌肉的滴水损失。综上所述:生长猪日粮添加茶多酚对组织维生素E水平、血浆抗氧化力及肌肉品质无显著改善作用。     

Effects of supplemental dietary vitamin C on quality of semen from Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) breeders

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of vitamin C on growth and quality of semen from Oreochromis niloticus breeders. One hundred and sixty males were fed with different levels of vitamin C (0, 261, 599 and 942 mg/kg diet). The higher weight values were recorded for 599 (166 g) and 942 (175 g) mg of vitamin C/kg diet. Sperm motility, vigour and concentration were higher with 599 and 942 mg of vitamin C/kg diet. The semen volume, gonadosomatic index and plasma protein data from the last week showed a direct relationship with increasing levels of vitamin C. No changes were observed in the hepatosomatic index and blood glucose. The haematocrit and erythrocyte showed higher values estimated by equations derived at 850 and 638 mg vitamin C/kg diet, respectively. The leucocytes were inversely proportional to the increasing levels of vitamin C. After 100 days of feeding, animals fed the diet containing 942 mg vitamin C/kg diet had higher sperm motility, linearity, curvilinear velocity, straight line velocity and average path velocity (p < .05). Higher values of beat cross‐frequency were observed in broodfish fed diets containing 942 and 599 mg vitamin C/kg. The different vitamin C levels did not cause differences in straightness, lateral head displacement and sperm morphology. For Nile tilapia males on intensive rearing and handling conditions, vitamin C levels between 599 and 942 mg/kg may be used for a better performance and quality of semen.     

添加牛磺酸对兔精液液态保存质量参数的影响

为探讨牛磺酸对兔精液液态保存效果的影响进行了本试验。试验分对照组和4个牛磺酸处理组(5,10,15和20mmol/L),在精液保存24h、48h和72h后,发现10mmol/L牛磺酸处理组的精子活率、精子低渗膨胀百分率、精子顶体完整率和精子前向性均显著高于对照组(P<0.05);在精液保存48h和72h后,10mmol/L牛磺酸处理组精子直线速度和精子平均路径速度显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。结果表明添加牛磺酸对兔精液液态保存是有益的,牛磺酸的浓度为10mmol/L比较适合。