参苓白术散对断奶仔猪生产性能和腹泻率的影响

选取90头"杜长大"三元断奶仔猪,要求体重相近、日龄相同,随机分成5个处理组,每组18头,各组公母各半进行为期28d的饲养试验。5个处理组分别为,对照组饲喂基础日粮、试验1组饲喂基础日粮+1%参苓白术散、试验2组饲喂基础日粮+3%参苓白术散、试验3组饲喂基础日粮+5%参苓白术散、试验4组饲喂基础日粮+抗生素。结果显示,饲料中添加参苓白术散和抗生素组均提高了断奶仔猪的平均日增重,降低了料重比和腹泻率,综合成本效益等因素选择饲料中添加3%参苓白术散为最佳添加量。     

参苓白术散对断奶仔猪生长性能和免疫指标的影响

试验选取28日龄体重相近的杜长大断奶仔猪90头,随机分成5组,每组3个重复,每个重复6头,各重复公母各半,进行为期28 d的饲养试验。5个处理组分别为,对照组:基础饲粮;中药1组:基础饲粮+1%参苓白术散;中药2组:基础饲粮+3%参苓白术散;中药3组:基础饲粮+5%参苓白术散;抗生素组:在基础饲粮中添加抗生素。结果显示:饲粮中添加参苓白术散和抗生素提高了断奶仔猪的平均日增重,降低了料重比和腹泻频率,不同程度提高了断奶仔猪血清中的IgG、IgA、C3、C4含量,综合成本效益等因素选择饲料中添加3%参苓白术散为最佳添加量。     

仔猪断奶日龄对猪场经济效益的影响

研究仔猪断奶日龄对猪场经济效益的影响。试验采取随机分组的设计,选取妊娠日龄相近的20头母猪,随机分为2个组:试验Ⅰ组,哺乳仔猪21日龄断奶;试验Ⅱ组,哺乳仔猪28日龄断奶。试验结果表明:每胎试验Ⅱ组相较于试验Ⅰ组,母猪多耗料52.5kg,断奶仔猪体重多0.75kg,教槽料多使用20kg,保育猪成活率提高8%,达到同样的体重,育肥猪提前20天出栏,每头母猪年产胎次减少0.05。试验结果表明:哺乳仔猪28日龄断奶,虽然减少了每头母猪每年提供的断奶仔猪头数,但是可以提高断奶仔猪的成活率,缩短育肥猪出栏时间,其收益远大于投入。     

中草药添加剂饲喂母猪对哺乳仔猪黄白痢的防治及生长效果的影响

为了研究不同中草药添加剂饲喂母猪对哺乳仔猪黄白痢的防治及生长效果的影响,本试验采用单因素随机试验设计,对照组母猪泌乳期饲喂基础饲粮,试验Ⅰ组日粮在基础饲粮中添加2％普通中草药,试验Ⅱ组日粮在基础饲粮中添加2％发酵型纳米中草药.结果表明,添加中草药能有效防治哺乳仔猪的黄白痢,提高仔猪成活率,促进仔猪生长.其中试验Ⅰ组预防仔猪黄白痢效果最佳,腹泻率为0.91％,死亡率为2.54％,明显低于对照组;试验Ⅱ组促进仔猪生长效果最佳,仔猪断奶体重、断奶窝重和平增日增重分别为6.59 kg/头、771.03 kg/窝和191.07g/头,分别比对照组提高了11.32％、18.40％和15.05％,显著高于对照组.     

巴尔麦氏对母猪繁殖性能及哺乳仔猪生长性能的效应试验

试验通过在基础饲粮中添加巴尔麦氏,研究其对母猪繁殖性能以及哺乳仔猪生长性能和防腹泻方面的作用。根据胎次相近原则选择70头妊娠母猪,随机分成两组,每组35头,对照组饲喂常规母猪料,巴尔麦氏组于母猪产前15 d到哺乳期(23 d)结束的基础饲粮中添加巴尔麦氏3 g/kg;巴尔麦氏组母猪所产仔猪对应为巴尔麦氏组仔猪,对照组母猪所产仔猪对应为对照组仔猪,巴尔麦氏组仔猪从添加教槽料开始到断奶结束期间添加巴尔麦氏10 g/kg,对照组不添加。结果表明,在妊娠后期母猪的饲粮中添加0.3%的巴尔麦氏,对母猪总产仔数、产活仔数和产健仔数无显著影响(P0.05),但可显著减少母猪产死胎数(P0.05);哺乳仔猪添加1%的巴尔麦氏,仔猪初生重、断奶重和日增重分别比对照组高50 g(P0.05)、0.74 kg(P0.01)和28.67 g(P0.05),但日采食量差异不显著(P0.05),腹泻率低于对照组9.09个百分点,每头断奶仔猪收益提高6.49元。因此,在妊娠后期至哺乳期母猪和哺乳仔猪饲粮中添加巴尔麦氏,可减少母猪的死胎数量、降低仔猪腹泻率、提高仔猪日增重和经济效益。     

复合益生菌对断奶仔猪生长性能、粪便微生物菌群和免疫功能的影响

试验旨在研究益生菌对断奶仔猪生长性能、腹泻率、粪便微生物菌群及免疫功能的影响。选取240头体质量相近且健康的28日龄杜长大断奶仔猪,随机分为4组,每组6个重复,每重复10头猪,试验期28 d。对照组饲喂玉米-豆粕型基础日粮,试验Ⅰ组在基础日粮中添加100 mg/kg杆菌肽锌(抗生素),试验Ⅱ组在基础日粮中添加250 mg/kg复合益生菌(三效菌),试验Ⅲ组在基础日粮中添加500 mg/kg复合益生菌(三效菌)。试验结果表明:与对照组相比,添加不同剂量的益生菌能显著提高断奶仔猪的平均日增质量、降低料重比(P0.05);抗生素组和益生菌组腹泻率均显著低于对照组(P0.05);添加复合益生菌可显著降低粪便大肠杆菌数量,提高双歧杆菌和乳酸杆菌数量(P0.05);各组之间血清中免疫球蛋白含量无显著差异(P0.05)。由此可知,益生菌能够降低断奶仔猪的腹泻率,提高生长性能,改善肠道菌群。     

日粮添加功能性纤维对妊娠母猪繁殖性能和肠道微生物的影响

文章旨在研究妊娠母猪日粮中添加功能性纤维对其繁殖性能和肠道微生物的影响,试验将200头经产妊娠母猪随机分为4组,每组5个重复,每个重复10头猪,对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验Ⅰ组、试验Ⅱ组、试验Ⅲ组分别在基础日粮中添加0.5%、1.0%、1.5%功能性纤维,试验结果显示,3个试验组母猪妊娠90 d、分娩前背膘厚均极显著低于对照组（P <0.01）;各组产活仔数、窝均断奶头数、仔猪初生窝重、断奶窝重、断奶均重显著高于对照组（P <0.05）,试验Ⅱ组产健仔数极显著高于其余组别（P <0.01）;各组妊娠晚期（110 d）粪便中各菌门相对丰度显著高于对照组（P <0.05）。试验结果表明,日粮添加功能性纤维可降低妊娠晚期母猪背膘厚,调节肠道微生物菌群,提高繁殖性能,但功能性纤维适宜添加比例仍有待进一步研究。     

葡萄糖氧化酶在改善母猪二胎综合征中的作用

为研究饲粮中添加葡萄糖氧化酶(GOD)对二胎母猪综合征的影响,试验选择36头体重、P2背膘厚相近的健康二胎妊娠后期母猪,完全随机分为2组,每组6个重复,每个重复3头猪。其中Ⅰ组为对照组,饲喂基础妊娠和哺乳饲料;Ⅱ组为试验组,饲喂在基础饲粮中添加2 g/kg GOD的饲粮。试验预试期5 d,正式试验从预产期前28 d开始至仔猪28 d断奶时结束,共56 d。结果表明:Ⅱ组妊娠后期日采食量、哺乳7 d日采食量和哺乳期平均日采食量均显著高于Ⅰ组,Ⅱ组的哺乳28 d日采食量比Ⅰ组高6.26%(P0.05);Ⅱ组的母猪产仔数和仔猪28日龄断奶个体重均显著高于Ⅰ组(P0.05),Ⅱ组的仔猪初生个体重比Ⅰ组高6.12%;Ⅱ组的分娩时背膘厚、断奶时背膘厚均显著高于Ⅰ组(P0.05),Ⅱ组的背膘损失比Ⅰ组高1.45%(P0.05)。综上所述,饲粮中添加2 g/kg GOD能够有效改善母猪二胎综合征。     

凝结芽孢杆菌对断奶仔猪生长性能、肠道菌群和血液生化指标的影响

为了研究日粮中添加凝结芽孢杆菌对仔猪生长性能、肠道菌群和血液生化指标的影响,试验选取21日龄健康断奶仔猪30头,随机分为3组(对照组、试验Ⅰ组、试验Ⅱ组),对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验Ⅰ组、试验Ⅱ组分别在基础日粮中添加凝结芽孢杆菌2.0×106cfu/g、2.0×107cfu/g。预试期3 d,正试期21 d。于试验第21天采血,屠宰,测定其生长性能、肠道菌群和血液生化指标。结果表明:日粮中添加不同水平的凝结芽孢杆菌均显著降低了断奶仔猪的腹泻率(P0.05);提高了仔猪回肠内容物中乳酸菌的数量(P0.05),降低了回肠内容物中梭菌的数量(P0.05);提高了血浆中磷酸丝氨酸、胱氨酸、酪氨酸等多种氨基酸的含量(P0.05),降低了磷酰乙醇铵的含量(P0.05)。说明在日粮中添加凝结芽孢杆菌可以改善断奶仔猪的肠道菌群,降低仔猪的腹泻率。     

发酵中草药对断奶仔猪生长性能及肠道菌群的影响

试验研究日粮中添加发酵中草药对松辽黑猪断奶仔猪生长性能和肠道菌群的影响.试验选择(35±1)d的松辽黑猪断奶仔猪54头,随机分为3组,每组3个重复,每个重复6头猪.对照组仔猪饲喂基础日粮,试验Ⅰ组饲喂基础日粮+0.5％发酵中草药添加剂,试验Ⅱ组饲喂基础日粮+0.5％不发酵中草药添加剂.预试期5d,正式试验期30 d.结...     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.