PCR-DGGE法分析健康奶牛和乳房炎患牛肠道微生物菌群的多样性

为了探究健康牛和乳房炎患牛肠道微生物多样性及其差异性,本试验采用PCR-DGGE技术对采自内蒙古的10头健康牛及10头患病牛粪便中的细菌、乳杆菌属及纤毛虫进行分析。通过聚类分析、相似性分析及PLS-DA分析可知,健康牛和患乳房炎牛肠道微生物菌群存在明显的差异性,与健康牛相比,乳房炎患牛肠道中乳杆菌和纤毛虫多样性明显较低。PCR-DGGE技术直观全面地分析了肠道微生物菌群的多样性,为后续益生菌治疗疾病试验提供理论依据。     

利用ERIC-PCR和PCR-DGGE技术分析喂服枯草芽孢杆菌肉鸡肠道菌群的多样性

本文旨在采用ERIC-PCR和PCR-DGGE方法研究肉鸡喂服枯草芽孢杆菌后肠道菌群的多样性.选用15羽28日龄肉鸡,按2mL/kg BW喂服枯草芽孢杆菌悬液(10°CFU/mL).每天2次,连续3d,34日龄时,利用ERIC-PCR和PCR-DGGE方法分析肠道菌群的多样性,并对DGGE条带进行回收、测序.结果表明,肉鸡口服枯草芽孢杆菌后各肠段的条带数显著多于对照组(P<0.05或P<0.01),2种方法检测结果相似,2组之间肠道总菌群相似性为53.2%;电泳指纹图谱和统计条带数量分析,PCR-DGGE明显优于ERIC-PCR;回收条带以乳杆菌属细菌为主.结果提示,34日龄肉鸡肠道菌群具有一定的稳定性,以乳杆菌为主要菌群,饲喂芽孢杆菌后能提高肉鸡肠道菌群的丰度和种群密度;PCR-DGGE检测方法明显优于ERIC-PCR.     

ERIC-PCR对山东省东平湖4种常见淡水鱼肠道菌群多样性的分析

分析山东省东平湖常见4种淡水鱼肠道菌群多样性的差异。采用ERIC-PCR(enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus PCR,ERIC-PCR)技术,得到鱼肠道菌群的ERIC-PCR指纹图谱,并用NT-SYS-pc(Version 2.10)软件进行分析。成功建立了山东省东平湖常见4种淡水鱼肠道菌群的ERIC-PCR指纹图谱,了解肠道菌群的差异。草鱼和鲢鱼肠道菌群较为相似,与鲫鱼、鲤鱼肠道菌群差异较大。表明4种淡水鱼类的肠道菌群的组成有明显的差别,食性差异大的鱼类之间肠道菌群差异更明显。     

基于宏基因组学的成年和老年袋鼠肠道菌群多样性和差异性研究

为了了解袋鼠粪便中菌群的多样性,分析成年和老年袋鼠粪便中菌群的差异性。应用高通量测序技术测定成年和老年袋鼠粪便细菌16S rDNA的V3-V4变异区序列,应用Prinseq和Mothur等软件整理和统计样品序列数目和操作分类单元(OTUs)数量,分析菌群物种丰度、分布和Alpha多样性。获得成年袋鼠粪便(AK)的OTU数为7 210,老年袋鼠粪便(OK)的OTU数为6 120。AK和OK的丰富度指数分别为4 377.028/7301.574和1 430.718/1858.623,香农指数分别为6.275和4.273。AK和OK肠道优势菌群均隶属厚壁菌门,分别占65%(AK)和78%(OK),除此之外,共有优势菌门还有变形菌门、拟杆菌门和螺旋菌门,但AK有四种独有菌门。获得了成年和老年袋鼠粪便中细菌的丰富度、菌群结构及差异性。     

圈养与野外近人环境猕猴肠道菌群的比较分析

通过对来自北京动物园10只圈养猕猴（Macaca mulatta）和来自河南济源五龙口风景区10只处于野外近人环境中的猕猴的粪便微生物进行鸟枪法测序,分析两种不同环境下猕猴的肠道菌群组成和差异。结果表明：20份样品共检测出9个门、18个纲、22个目、31个科、46个属和226个种。通过分析发现,圈养和野外近人环境群体共享了绝大部分细菌（200种）,但是近人环境群体相比于圈养群体,独有更多种类的微生物。圈养猕猴肠道微生物主要由厚壁菌门（Firmicutes）、拟杆菌门（Bacteroidetes）和绿弯菌门（Chloroflexi）组成。处于野外近人环境中的猕猴肠道微生物主要由厚壁菌门、变形菌门（Proteobacteria）和拟杆菌门组成。圈养猕猴和近人猕猴属水平上的肠道微生物结构存在显著差异（p=0.001）。圈养猕猴和野外近人环境猕猴肠道菌群组成的多样性与差异,可为猕猴的圈养以及景区野生动物管理提供指导和理论基础。     

肠道菌群的分析

可以通过测定猪肠道中乳酸茵和大肠杆菌的比率而评定猪的健康状态。     

应用PCR-DGGE分析南美白对虾肠道微生物多样性

从南美白对虾肠道中提取微生物基因组总DNA,以细菌16SrRNA基因通用引物341F/534R进行V3高变异区域PCR扩增,长约200bp的PCR产物纯化后经变性梯度凝胶电泳(DGGE)分离,获得微生物群落的特征DNA指纹图谱。通过DGGE图谱的半定量分析,发现样品的优势群落明显。结果表明,PCR-DGGE是研究水产动物肠道微生物多样性的可行方法。     

成年马鸡肠道正常菌群的检测

为了解成年健康马鸡的肠道菌群结构.采用滴注接种法,在选择性培养基上需氧或厌氧培养后,定性定量检测4种马鸡新鲜粪便中的细菌浓度,并对其进行比较分析.所检测的细菌(大肠杆菌、肠球菌、乳酸杆菌、拟杆菌、双歧杆菌、真杆菌、梭菌、链球菌和葡萄球菌)浓度统计分析结果表明,4种马鸡新鲜粪便中同种细菌浓度之间差异均不显著.本研究对马鸡的其他相关基础研究具有一定的借鉴作用.     

Blood thiamine values in captive adult African lions (Panthera leo).

Heparinized whole-blood samples from 22 adult African lions (Panthera leo) fed diets considered nutritionally adequate in 10 American Zoo and Aquarium Association member zoos in North America were provided for this study. Blood thiamine values were estimated using a standard microbiological assay method. The mean +/- standard deviation for blood thiamine values was 249.3 +/- 43.5 nmol/L with a range in values from 160 to 350 nmol/L after exclusion of one outlier. There were no differences (P > 0.05) in the mean blood thiamine values of male and female lions, or of lions that were over and under 10 yr of age. This range (160 to 350 nmol/L) is proposed as a reasonable estimate of the expected range in blood thiamine values for captive adult African lions as currently fed in North American zoos.     

Aerobic intestinal flora of wild-caught African dwarf crocodiles Osteolaemus tetraspis

Intestinal contents were collected from wild-caught African dwarf crocodiles (Osteolaemus tetraspis) in 1993 and 1995 which were slaughtered at urban markets in the Congo Republic. The samples were kept frozen and brought back to Onderstepoort for aerobic culture. Out of 29 specimens, 33 species of bacteria and 20 species of fungi were isolated. The bacteria included three isolates of Salmonella and eight isolates of Escherichia coli, most of the latter being rough strains. The flora of individual specimens contained 1-5 bacterial and 0-5 fungal species. Neither Aeromonas hydrophila nor Edwardsiella tarda were isolated from any of the samples.     

FIV diversity: FIV Ple subtype composition may influence disease outcome in African lions

Feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) infects domestic cats and at least 20 additional species of non-domestic felids throughout the world. Strains specific to domestic cat (FIV(Fca)) produce AIDS-like disease progression, sequelae and pathology providing an informative model for HIV infection in humans. Less is known about the immunological and pathological influence of FIV in other felid species although multiple distinct strains of FIV circulate in natural populations. As in HIV-1 and HIV-2, multiple diverse cross-species infections may have occurred. In the Serengeti National Park, Tanzania, three divergent subtypes of lion FIV (FIV(Ple)) are endemic, whereby 100% of adult lions are infected with one or more of these strains. Herein, the relative distribution of these subtypes in the population are surveyed and, combined with observed differences in lion mortality due to secondary infections based on FIV(Ple) subtypes, the data suggest that FIV(Ple) subtypes may have different patterns of pathogenicity and transmissibility among wild lion populations.     

牛至油对仔猪肠道微生物菌群的影响

研究证明，牛至油的抗菌机理独特，不产生抗药性．且与抗生素及合成的化学抗菌药物无交叉抗药性。并可以提高猪生产性能和替代饲用抗生索，但牛至油对仔猪肠道微生物菌群的影响未见报道。该试验通过饲料中添加牛至油观察其对仔猪肠道微生物菌群的影响．为进一步开发和利用牛至油提供一定的理论依据。     

Effects of alfalfa meal on the intestinal microbial diversity and immunity of growing ducks

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of alfalfa meal diets on the intestinal microbial diversity and immunity of growing egg‐type ducks. A total of 128 healthy 7‐week‐old female egg‐type Shaoxing ducks were selected and randomly assigned into four dietary treatments: 0%, 3%, 6% and 9% alfalfa meal for 8 weeks. Each treatment consisted of four replicates of eight ducks each. Polymerase chain reaction denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR‐DGGE) was used to characterize the microbiota. The results showed that the DGGE fingerprints of the V6–V8 fragments of the 16S rRNA from the caeca and faeces of ducks fed 3%, 6% and 9% alfalfa meal had significantly higher microbiota species richness than those fed 0% alfalfa meal (p < 0.05). The Shannon–Weiner index of the microbiota from the caeca and faeces of ducks fed 3%, 6% and 9% alfalfa meal was significantly higher than those fed 0% alfalfa meal (p < 0.05). Molecular analysis of the caecal and faecal DNA extracts showed that the alfalfa meal diet promotes the intestinal microbial diversity, as indicated by their higher species richness and Shannon–Weiner index. However, the groups did not significantly differ in terms of average daily gain, feed intake and gain‐to‐feed ratio (p > 0.05), and the 3–9% alfalfa meal did not affect the growth performance of the growing egg‐type ducks. The proliferation of T and B lymphocytes was significantly greater (p < 0.05) in the groups supplemented with 3%, 6% and 9% of alfalfa meal than the unsupplemented control group, and alfalfa meal promoted the lymphocytes proliferation of the growing egg‐type ducks. Dietary alfalfa meal supplementation increases intestinal microbial community diversity and improves of the immune response growing egg‐type ducks.     

葡萄糖氧化酶与乳酸菌联合应用对肉鸡肠道形态及微生物菌群的影响

试验旨在研究葡萄糖氧化酶(GOD)和乳酸菌制剂联合应用对肉鸡肠道形态及微生物菌群的影响.选取1日龄AA肉鸡1200只,随机分为4组,Ⅰ组为对照组,正常饮水;Ⅱ组为GOD组,在饮水中添加0.1％ GOD;Ⅲ组为乳酸菌制剂组,在每只鸡饮水中添加1.5×105 CFU/(g·d)乳酸菌制剂;Ⅳ组为GOD与乳酸菌制剂联合应用组...     

仙人掌提取物对肉鸡生产性性能、营养物质利用和肠道微生物区系的影响

试验选择720只AA型肉鸡,随机分为4组,每组6个重复,每个重复30只鸡.其中对照组(A组)饲喂基础日粮+抗生素(4%黄霉素125 mg/kg),试验B、C、D组分别饲喂基础日粮添加200、400 mg/kg和600 mg/kg仙人掌提取物.试验期为42 d.试验结果表明:仙人掌提取物添加组C与对照A组相比平均日增重提高7.96%,料重比下降2.62%;粗蛋白质利用率提高13.30%,干物质和能量利用率略有提高;直肠乳酸菌、双歧杆菌、肠球菌显著提高,大肠杆茵显著下降.