复方伊维菌素注射液对绵羊消化道线虫驱除效果试验

以自然感染消化道线虫的绵羊为对象，用复方伊维菌素注射液进行治疗，并用伊维菌素注射液、氯氰碘柳胺钠注射液和空白不用药进行对照，试验结果表明：复方伊维菌素注射液以0．05mL/kg体重剂量一次性肌肉注射，能够有效驱除绵羊消化道线虫。投药后第10天，虫卵减少率和虫卵转阴率分别为96．72％、90％；投药后第21天，均为100％，疗效明显优于单独使用伊维菌素注射液和氯氰碘柳胺钠注射液，且驱虫安全，无任何毒副作用。     

复方伊维菌素注射液临床效力试验报告

复方伊维菌素注射液(伊维菌素、氯氰碘柳胺钠),经临床试验验证,绵羊按每50 kg体重皮下注射1 mL,可驱杀绵羊胃肠道线虫、吸虫、体外寄生虫(蝇蛆),总有效率高达93%以上.结果表明,2种驱虫药物配比合理,具有明显的相互增效、提高杀虫谱的作用.     

复方伊维菌素注射液临床效力试验报告

复方伊维菌素注射液(伊维菌素、氯氰碘柳胺钠),经临床试验验证,绵羊按每50 kg体重皮下注射1 mL,可驱杀绵羊胃肠道线虫、吸虫、体外寄生虫(蝇蛆),总有效率高达93%以上.结果表明2种驱虫药物配比合理,具有明显的相互增效、提高杀虫谱的作用.     

倍克虫复合制剂对放牧绵羊线虫的驱虫效果

应用不同剂量倍克虫复合制剂(伊维菌素,丙硫苯咪唑),对放牧绵羊胃肠道线虫,肺线虫等进行驱除试验,结果表明：中剂量组(伊维菌素0．2mg／kg,丙硫苯咪唑10mg／kg)绵羊的消化道线虫虫卵转阴率达100％,减少率达100％,原圆科线虫幼虫转阴率达70％,减少率为77．35％。     

复方伊维菌素注射液对绵羊消化道线虫驱除效果的试验

复方伊维菌素注射液是以伊维菌素加氯氰碘柳胺钠组成的复方抗寄生虫注射液。伊维菌素是强力、广谱的驱肠道线虫和杀灭体外寄生虫的药物。氯氰碘柳胺钠是一种柳胺类广谱驱虫药物，具有用量小、体内半衰期长、安全性高、毒副作用低等特点，它对动物体内线虫和吸虫具有高效驱杀作用，并对疥螨、皮蝇、鼻蝇等体外寄生虫治疗效果确实。     

伊维菌素对放牧山羊消化道线虫的驱治试验

验证放牧条件下伊维菌素驱虫效果,从饲养管理、放牧条件相同的一群300多只羔羊中通过粪便检查、称重从中选出体重相差不大、感染消化道线虫较为严重60只,根据感染程度均匀搭配,分为三组进行试验,每组20只用伊维菌素预混剂拌料饲喂放牧山羊,试验结果是试验组、药物对照组驱虫后3 d虫卵减少率分别是96.4%和88.7%,虫卵转阴率分别为80%和25%;驱虫后10d两组羊的虫卵减少率分别为100%和97.8%,虫卵转阴率分别为100%和85%,伊维菌素对放牧山羊消化道线虫驱虫效果优于药物左旋咪唑。     

两种驱虫药物驱除羊肝片吸虫的效力试验

应用三氯苯咪唑片剂和氯氰碘柳胺钠注射液,选择6~8月龄自然感染肝片吸虫的绵羊80只进行驱虫试验。结果:(1)三氯苯咪唑片剂5、10、15 mg/kg体重剂量对肝片吸虫的虫卵转阴率、减少率和成虫的驱虫率均达100.0%,对肝片吸虫幼虫的驱虫率分别为93.9%、100.0%和100.0%;(2)氯氰碘柳胺钠注射液5、10、15 mg/kg体重剂量对肝片吸虫的虫卵转阴率分别为60.0%、80.0%和100.0%,减少率分别为89.2%、98.2%和100.0%,对成虫驱虫率均分别为97.9%、100.0%和100.0%,幼虫驱虫率分别为90.7%、94.3%和100.0%;(3)三氯苯咪唑片剂10 mg/kg体重剂量与同剂量对照药物三氯苯咪唑混悬剂的驱虫效果无差异;(4)三氯苯咪唑片剂和氯氰碘柳胺钠注射液3个剂量组试验羊未见异常反应。试验证明,三氯苯咪唑片剂5、10、15 mg/kg体重和氯氰碘柳胺钠注射液10、15 mg/kg体重剂量驱除绵羊肝片吸虫安全高效。驱除绵羊肝片吸虫两种药物的使用剂量,三氯苯咪唑片剂不低于5 mg/kg,氯氰碘柳胺钠注射液不低于10 mg/kg体重。     

放牧绵羊主要寄生虫病药物防治技术试验与示范效果观察

为评价伊维菌素注射剂的驱虫效果与对放牧绵羊线虫病及外寄生虫病的防治示范效果,选择1.5岁感染线虫和部分外寄生虫的绵羊150只,设伊维菌素注射剂0.1,0.2和0.3mg/kg体重剂量组和伊维菌素片剂对照组,进行驱虫效果评价;在冬季应用伊维菌素注射剂按0.2mg/kg体重剂量对放牧绵羊进行规模防治技术示范,检查防治效果和考核防治效益。结果:药效试验中伊维菌素注射剂0.2mg/kg对绵羊消化道线虫虫卵转阴率和减少率分别为93.3%,99.3%,对原圆科线虫幼虫转阴率和减少率分别为90.0%和96.1%;0.3mg/kg剂量对消化道线虫虫卵及原圆科线虫幼虫转阴率和减少率均为100.0%;0.1mg/kg剂量对消化道线虫虫卵转阴率和减少率分别为76.7%,88.6%,原圆科线虫幼虫转阴率和减少率分别为66.7%和86.1%。防治示范群绵羊消化道线虫虫卵转阴率为93.3%,虫卵减少率为96.8%;对原圆科线虫幼虫转阴率和减少率分别为90.0%和96.2%。同期检查未防治对照组虫卵EPG和幼虫数略有增加。技术示范群比未示范群每只成年羊平均多增重5.47kg、幼年羊成活率平均提高2.1个百分点。结果表明该防治技术对放牧绵羊主要寄生虫病高效安全,效益显著。     

氯氰碘柳胺钠注射液对藏系绵羊肝片吸虫的驱虫试验

应用氯氰碘柳胺钠注射液,选择自然感染肝片吸虫的藏系绵羊125只进行了驱虫试验。氯氰碘柳胺钠注射液分别按0.1、0.2、0.3ml、0.4ml/kg体重剂量经皮下或肌肉注射,结果表明:对肝片吸虫的虫卵转阴率、减少率分别为68%、92%、100%、100%和66.26%、95.79%、100%、100%;氯氰碘柳胺钠注射液按0.3ml/kg体重经皮下或肌肉注射,具有驱虫效果好、安全、经济、保护期长等优点。     

羊肝片吸虫病药物防治模式试验探讨

羊肝片吸虫病是草原畜牧中危害肉羊最为严重的寄生虫病之一,常常造成肉羊黄疸、贫血、慢性营养消耗等对畜牧业经济产生严重影响,为了做好肝片吸虫病的防治,选取自然感染肝片吸虫的绵羊采用不同药物进行驱虫试验,结合沉淀法确定驱虫效果,结果表明:氯氰碘柳胺钠虫卵减少率100%;硝氯酚虫卵减少率91.4%,转阴率84.6%;丙硫苯咪唑虫卵减少率86.6%,虫卵转阴率76.9%;中药肝蛭散虫卵减少率53.2%,虫卵转阴率7.6%。通过试验氯氰碘柳胺钠注射液对肝片吸虫祛除率高,是首选药物。丙硫苯咪唑驱虫需反复灌服为宜,硝氯酚在秋季驱虫效果好但需要联合用药,肝蛭净散驱虫要和广谱抗虫药联合用药,通过筛选为临床寄生虫提供科学依据,为今后研究最佳的驱虫模式奠定了基础。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

Mechanism of Action of Probiotic Function of Lactobacilli

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制.     

Evaluation of serum concentrations of biomarkers of skeletal metabolism and results of radiography as indicators of severity of osteochondrosis in foals

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether serum concentrations of biomarkers of skeletal metabolism can, in conjunction with radiographic evaluation, indicate severity of osteochondrosis in developing horses. ANIMALS: 43 Dutch Warmblood foals with varying severity of osteochondrosis. PROCEDURE: 24 foals were monitored for 5 months and 19 foals were monitored for 11 months. Monthly radiographs of femoropatellar-femorotibial and tibio-tarsal joints were graded for osteochondral abnormalities. Serial blood samples were assayed for 8 cartilage and bone biomarkers. At the end of the monitoring period, foals were examined for macroscopic osteochondrosis lesions. RESULTS: Temporal relationships were evident between certain serum biomarkers and osteochondrosis severity in foals during their first year. Biomarkers of collagen degradation (collagenase-generated neoepitopes of type-II collagen fragments, type-I and -II collagen fragments [COL2-3/4C(short)], and cross-linked telopeptide fragments of type-I collagen) and bone mineralization (osteocalcin) were positive indicators of osteochondrosis severity at 5 months of age. In foals with lesions at 11 months of age, osteochondrosis severity correlated negatively with COL2-3/4C(short) and osteocalcin and positively with C-propeptide of type-II procollagen (CPII), a collagen synthesis marker. Radiographic grading of osteochondrosis lesions significantly correlated with macroscopic osteochondrosis severity score at both ages and was strongest when combined with osteocalcin at 5 months and CPII at 11 months. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The ability of serum biomarkers to indicate osteochondrosis severity appears to depend on stage of disease and is strengthened with radiography. In older foals with more permanent lesions, osteochondrosis severity is significantly related to biomarker concentrations of decreased bone formation and increased cartilage synthesis.