产气荚膜梭菌NetB毒素基因重组植物乳酸杆菌的构建

选择产气荚膜梭菌坏死性肠炎毒素B(NetB)为抗原,构建产气荚膜梭菌NetB毒素基因重组植物乳酸杆菌,利用植物乳酸杆菌穿梭载体pSIP409构建重组质粒pSIP409-NetB,经双酶切鉴定和序列测定正确后转化大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)感受态细胞并进行SppIP诱导表达。Western blot证明重组蛋白表达成功,并且主要以包涵体形式存在,NetB重组蛋白相对分子质量为36 ku。重组质粒pSIP409-NetB电转化植物乳酸杆菌NC8细胞,PCR和双酶切鉴定正确后进行SppIP诱导表达。Western Blot和间接免疫荧光鉴定表明构建的重组植物乳酸杆菌具有诱导分泌NetB蛋白的能力,可作为黏膜免疫的候选抗原。     

表达A亚群禽白血病病毒Gp85蛋白的乳酸菌的构建

本研究旨在构建乳酸菌表达载体以研制A亚群禽白血病病毒（Avian leukosis virus subgroup A,ALV-A）的活菌疫苗,用于预防禽白血病。使用锚定表达载体构建2株分别表达gp85和gp85-DCpep基因的重组植物乳杆菌,以感染ALV-A的DF-1细胞的基因组DNA为模板,使用PCR方法扩增ALV-A Gp85蛋白的编码基因gp85,将树突状细胞靶向肽（DC-targeting peptide,DCpep）编码基因与gp85基因进行融合,获得gp85-DCpep基因;使用乳酸菌锚定表达载体pSIP409-pgsA’通过同源重组的方法构建重组质粒pSIP409-pgsA’-gp85-DCpep和pSIP409-pgsA’-gp85;经测序正确后将上述质粒分别电转化植物乳杆菌NC8感受态细胞,获得重组植物乳杆菌;使用SppIP诱导重组植物乳杆菌的表达,收集处于对数生长期的菌体,通过反复冻融获取细胞膜的蛋白样,采用Western blotting技术检测pgsA’-gp85-DCpep和pgsA’-gp85蛋白的表达情况。结果显示,试验成功获得基因片段gp85和gp85-DCpep,构建的重组质粒pSIP409-pgsA’-gp85-DCpep和pSIP409-pgsA’-gp85测序无突变和丢失情况,并成功电转到植物乳杆菌NC8感受态细胞中,使用SDS-PAGE和Western blotting技术在细胞膜蛋白样中检测到蛋白的表达,大小分别为48.3（pgsA’-gp85-DCpep）和47 ku （pgsA’-gp85）。本试验成功构建了重组质粒pSIP409-pgsA’-gp85-DCpep和pSIP409-pgsA’-gp85,获得的重组植物乳杆菌NC8-pSIP409-pgsA’-gp85-DCpep和NC8-pSIP409-pgsA’-gp85中的蛋白均成功表达,且具有反应原性,为后期深入研究重组植物乳杆菌在抗ALV-A感染中的保护机制奠定良好的基础。     

重组产气荚膜梭菌plc基因植物乳酸杆菌的免疫效果评价

为了评估表达产气荚膜梭菌α毒素plc基因的重组植物乳酸杆菌口服活菌疫苗的免疫保护效果,分别进行了重组活菌疫苗的免疫和产气荚膜梭菌攻菌试验。免疫组雏鸡分为3组,于7~28 d分别连续免疫p SIP409空载体植物乳酸杆菌、pSIP409-plc重组植物乳酸杆菌和灭菌PBS;攻菌组雏鸡免疫方法同上,于43~47 d连续口服产气荚膜梭菌(设置PBS免疫组不攻菌只口服等量PBS对照)。通过病理组织学检查疫苗对雏鸡组织器官的损害作用; ELISA检测抗体动态变化、攻菌后细菌分离计数、剖检肠道病变评分、雏鸡体重变化和免疫器官发育情况来整体评价疫苗的免疫水平。结果显示,与对照组相比重组疫苗的免疫没有对雏鸡组织器官产生损害作用,plc特异性抗体IgG和s IgA水平检测显示,抗体水平随日龄增长呈现上升趋势,且与未免疫组有显著和极显著差异(P 0.05,P 0. 01);攻菌后免疫组雏鸡各项指标在短暂下降后很快升高,且明显高于未免疫组雏鸡。攻菌组各项试验也证明,我们的重组口服活菌疫苗对产气荚膜梭菌攻击雏鸡起到很好的保护作用。     

植物乳杆菌高表达组成型表达载体构建

乳酸菌宿主对表达载体的启动子具有高度的选择性,本研究利用PCR技术扩增嗜酸乳杆菌表面蛋白SlpA基因启动子,以诱导型表达载体pSIP409为基本框架删除其诱导型启动子,采用能快速连接的无缝克隆技术将SlpA基因启动子连接到gusA基因上游,获得重组质粒409SlpA电转化至植物乳杆菌NC8中,Western Blot定性测定的gusA表达情况,同时利用MRS-X-gluC培养基特异性显色反应来鉴定阳性重组子表达gusA的活性,为利用该启动子表达外源蛋白研制新型基因工程微生态制剂奠定基础。     

A型产气荚膜梭菌重组菌株BL21（DE3）

采用限制性核酸内切酶酶切鉴定含α毒素突变基因的重组质粒,同时用SDS-PAGE检测不同条件下α毒素突变基因的表达情况。经酶切鉴定证实重组质粒pXMCPA02含有α毒素突变基因且基因序列和阅读框架正确。同时以IPTG为诱导剂诱导α毒素突变基因表达并对其表达条件进行优化。优化表达的结果是：培养基pH7.5,培养温度37℃,IPTG浓度0.8 mmol/L,菌体生长密度OD600达到0.8时加入IPTG,诱导时间5 h,此时重组菌株pXMCPA02蛋白表达量为35%。从而实现了α毒素突变基因的高效表达,为A型产气荚膜梭菌α毒素基因工程菌苗的生产工艺研究提供了可靠的试验数据。     

产气荚膜梭菌α—β融合基因的高效表达

用PCR从含产气荚膜俊菌α毒素基因的质粒pXETA1中扩增出α毒素基因，用NcoⅠ和BamHI双酶切该α毒素基因，回收0．95kb的α毒素基因片段，再用NcoⅠ和BamHI双酶切含产气荚膜梭菌β毒素基因质粒pXCPAB2，与 回收的α毒素基因片段连接，转化至受菌BL21（DE3）中。经NcoI,BamHI,NcoI酶反应鉴定和核苷酸序列分析证实，获得了理想重组质粒pXCPAB2，该重组质粒含有α-β融合基因。重组菌株BL21（DE）3（pXCPAB2)经IPTG诱导后，其表达产物经ELISA检测和SDSPAGE分析，结果表明重组菌株可以高效表达α-β融合基因，该融合蛋白占菌体总蛋白的22．14％。     

表达禽流感病毒NP和M2融合基因重组乳酸菌的构建及鉴定

为了在乳酸菌中表达H9N2亚型禽流感病毒（AIV）NP和M2基因并检测其反应原性,先以pMD19-T-M2质粒作为模板,采用PCR方法克隆M2全长基因,然后将M2基因亚克隆入pSIP409-pgsA′-NP质粒中,构建重组质粒pSIP409-pgsA′-NP-M2。并将重组质粒pSIP409-pgsA′-NP-M2通过电转化的方法转入植物乳杆菌Lb.plantarum NC8中,制备重组菌NC8-pSIP409-pgsA′-NP-M2。诱导表达NC8-pSIP409-pgsA′-NP-M2重组乳酸菌,并通过流式细胞术、免疫荧光和免疫印迹技术验证。结果表明,重组菌NC8-pSIP409-pgsA′-NP-M2能够经诱导表达NP-M2融合蛋白,并且与兔源NP单克隆抗体和抗M2的小鼠血清具有反应原性。这为后续研究禽流感广谱口服疫苗奠定基础。     

产气荚膜梭菌α—β融合基因的构建

用PCR从含产气荚膜松菌β毒素基因的质粒pXETB2中扩增出β毒素基因，NcoⅠ和BamHⅠ双酶切该β毒素基因，回收0.93kb的β毒素基因片段，再用NcoⅠ和BamHⅠ双酶切含产气荚膜梭菌α毒素基因质粒pXETA1,与上述回收的β毒素基因片段连接，转化至受体菌BL21（DE3）中，经NcoⅠ，NotⅠ酶切反应鉴定和苷酸序列分析证实，获得的重组质粒pXCPAB1含有α－β融合基因，重组菌株BL21（CD3）（pXCPAB1)表达产物经ELISA检测和SDS－PAGE分析，表明重组菌株可以表达α－β融合蛋白。     

产气荚膜梭菌α毒素单克隆抗体的制备

为了制备产气荚膜梭菌致病性毒力因子α毒素的单克隆抗体,试验采用PCR法获得α毒素基因,克隆入原核表达质粒p ET-30b,转化至大肠杆菌BL21感受态细胞,构建表达α毒素的重组菌BL21/p ET-30b-α;IPTG诱导重组菌表达,并进行SDS-PAGE分析,以纯化的重组α毒素蛋白为免疫原免疫Balb/c小鼠,经筛选、亚类鉴定及特异性试验检测单克隆抗体。结果表明:重组菌表达的α毒素蛋白分子质量约为43 ku;杂交瘤细胞株3C5能够稳定分泌抗α毒素单克隆抗体,单克隆抗体亚型为Ig G2a型,能够特异识别产气荚膜梭菌天然α毒素蛋白。说明制备的单克隆抗体具有良好的反应原性。     

产气荚膜梭菌α毒素基因的克隆、表达及其抗血清的制备

本试验通过设计并合成1对引物,PCR扩增B型产气荚膜梭菌C58-2株α毒素完整成熟肽序列,并将其插入到pGEM-T Easy载体中,构建克隆载体pGEM-T-α。对克隆载体pGEM-T-α进行EcoRⅠ和Hind Ⅲ的双酶切,将得到的1125 bp片段以正确的阅读框架定向克隆于pET-28a(+)中,然后将重组质粒转化大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)plys宿主菌中,37 ℃、1.0 mmol/L IPTG诱导该片段获得良好表达。经SDS-PAGE分析,其表达的蛋白约为46.1 ku,与预期大小一致。Western blotting结果显示,该重组α毒素蛋白可被A型产气荚膜梭菌定型血清识别,表明该重组α毒素蛋白具备与天然毒素相似的反应原性。重组α毒素蛋白在菌液上清、超声波裂解上清和超声波裂解沉淀中均有分布,且以包涵体表达为主,表明重组α毒素蛋白可同时在胞外、周质和胞浆表达。小鼠毒力试验结果表明,重组α毒素蛋白不具有毒性。毒素—抗毒素中和试验结果表明,该抗血清具有α毒素特异性。以重组α毒素蛋白作为抗原免疫家兔制备血清,效价测定结果表明每1 mL重组α毒素蛋白抗血清可以中和100 MLD的A型毒素。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

Mechanism of Action of Probiotic Function of Lactobacilli

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制.     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …