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《中国饲料》2020,(18)
本研究旨在探讨日粮添加热灭活植物乳杆菌对肉鸡生长性能、肠道形态及免疫相关基因表达的影响。试验将500只5日龄雄性Ross308肉鸡随机分为2组,每组5个重复,每个重复50只。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组在基础日粮中添加10mg/kg热灭活植物乳杆菌。结果表明:日粮添加热灭活植物乳杆菌可以提高5~22d肉鸡体重和日增重(P 0.05),并较对照组显著降低了肉鸡的平均日采食量(P 0.05)。此外,热灭活植物乳杆菌组显著改善了42d肉鸡的体重、日增重和料重比(P 0.05),但对肉鸡平均日采食量、存活率和胴体及组织器官重量无显著影响(P 0.05)。处理组较对照组有提高22d肉鸡肠道绒毛高度、绒毛面积、绒毛高度与隐窝深度比值的趋势,其中十二指肠绒毛高度和空肠绒毛高度与隐窝深度比值显著提高(P 0.05)。但在42d时,对照组与处理组肉鸡肠道绒毛高度、隐窝深度及绒毛高度与隐窝深度比值无显著差异(P 0.05)。热灭活植物乳杆菌组22d肉鸡脾脏IFN-β、IL-12β和IFN-γ的基因相对表达水平显著提高(P 0.05)。结论 :热灭活植物乳杆菌具有刺激肉仔鸡生长性能和免疫应答的特性,具有成为肉鸡行业替抗产品的潜力。 相似文献
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文章旨在探讨日粮添加植物乳杆菌对感染肠毒性大肠杆菌断奶猪生长性能、绒毛高度及粪微生物含量的影响。试验选择21 d断奶、平均体重为(6.31±0.03)kg的仔猪525头,随机分为3组,每组5个重复,每个重复35头。对照组饲喂基础日粮,感染组和植物乳杆菌组断奶仔猪饲喂基础日粮,在15 d时通过口服接种2 mL/头肠毒性大肠杆菌(106 CFU/mL),植物乳杆菌组15~28 d饲喂基础日粮+1×108CFU/kg植物乳杆菌。结果:对照组断奶后28 d仔猪体重显著高于感染组(P<0.05),同时,对照组和植物乳杆菌组断奶后15~28 d仔猪平均日增重、饲料报酬及1~28 d饲料报酬均显著高于感染组(P<0.05)。与感染组相比,对照组和植物乳杆菌组断奶后28 d仔猪的腹泻率分别显著降低36.43%和31.35%(P<0.05)。对照组十二指肠绒毛高度较感染组显著提高7.41%(P<0.05),而对照组和植物乳杆菌组空肠绒毛高度较感染组分别显著提高7.72%和6.25%(P<0.05)。感染组仔猪感染肠毒性大肠杆菌7 d后粪中大肠杆菌数量较对照组显著提高11.45%(P<0.05),感染肠毒性大肠杆菌14 d后粪中大肠杆菌数较对照组和植物乳杆菌组分别显著提高12.29%和10.57%(P<0.05)。与感染组相比,植物乳杆菌组仔猪感染肠毒性大肠杆菌7 d后粪中乳酸杆菌数量显著提高2.99%(P<0.05)。结论:在本试验条件下,日粮添加植物乳杆菌可以降低肠毒性大肠杆菌对断奶仔猪生长性能的抑制作用,改善空肠绒毛高度。
[关键词]植物乳杆菌|大肠杆菌|断奶仔猪|生长性能|绒毛形态|微生物 相似文献
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本试验通过在日粮中添加不同水平植物乳杆菌,研究其对肉鸡生长及蛋白质消化率的影响.选用1日龄健康爱拔益加肉雏鸡180只,随机分成3个处理组,每组设4个重复,每个重复15只鸡.试验期42 d.对照组(CK组)饲喂基础日粮,植物乳杆菌1组(L1组)、植物乳杆菌2组(L2组)以饮水方式分别供给乳酸菌制剂2.5×105、5×105 CFU/g.结果表明,与CK组相比,在28日龄时L2组肉鸡日增重提高了10.09%,料肉比降低了14.87%,差异均显著(P<0.05).此外,在14日龄时,L1、L2组鸡胃蛋白质消化率分别提高了16.41%和24.41%,两者均显著高于对照组(P<0.05);在28日龄时添加乳杆菌后肠蛋白质消化率有显著提高,与对照组相比,分别提高了19.78%和20.19%.说明肉鸡日粮中添加植物乳杆菌能显著提高其生长性能和饲料中蛋白质消化率. 相似文献
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本试验旨在研究饲粮中添加植物乳杆菌(Lactobacillus plantarum)和非淀粉多糖(NSP)复合酶对断奶仔猪生长性能、粪便微生物菌群及血清指标的影响,从而达到代替抗生素的目的。试验采用单因素完全随机设计,选择28日龄健康断奶仔猪192头,平均体重为(7.15±0.36)kg,随机分为4个组,每组6个重复,每个重复8头猪。对照组(CT组)饲喂在基础饲粮中添加40 mg/kg杆菌肽锌的饲粮;试验组分别饲喂在基础饲粮中添加1 g/kg植物乳杆菌(PT组)、1 g/kg NSP复合酶(ZT组)、1 g/kg植物乳杆菌+1 g/kg NSP复合酶(PZT组)的饲粮。试验期35 d。结果表明:1)各组间断奶仔猪的试验末重、平均日增重、平均日采食量及料重比均无显著差异(P0.05)。2)各组间断奶仔猪粪便中乳酸菌数量、大肠杆菌数量及乳酸菌/大肠杆菌均无显著差异(P0.05)。但与对照组相比,PZT组断奶仔猪粪便中乳酸菌数量和乳酸菌/大肠杆菌有增加趋势(0.05≤P0.10),大肠杆菌数量有降低趋势(0.05≤P0.10)。3)各组间断奶仔猪的血清生化指标、免疫指标均无显著差异(P0.05)。由此可知,饲粮中复合添加植物乳杆菌和NSP复合酶可促进肠道菌群平衡,有益于仔猪健康生长,从而达到替代抗生素的目的。 相似文献
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选择长白二元杂交断奶仔猪90头进行试验,断奶日龄为35d。共分为五个组,每组设3个重复,每个重复随机选取健康仔猪6头。试验1组:饲喂基础日粮+0.1%复合制剂(纳豆杆菌、双歧杆菌、罗伊氏乳杆菌);试验2组:饲喂基础日粮+0.1%复合制剂(纳豆杆菌、双歧杆菌、干酪乳杆菌);试验3组:饲喂基础日粮+0.1%复合制剂(纳豆杆菌、双歧杆菌、嗜酸乳杆菌);试验4组:饲喂基础日粮+0.1%复合制剂(纳豆杆菌、双歧杆菌、罗伊氏乳杆菌、干酪乳杆菌、嗜酸乳杆菌)。对照组饲喂基础日粮。其中复合制剂中益生菌活菌数为l09cfu/g。饲养30d后观察复合活菌制剂对断奶仔猪生长性能及血清溶菌酶含量的影响。结果:在日增重、饲料效率及血清溶菌酶方面,试验1组和2组显著高于对照组(P<0.05);在腹泻率方面,试验组均显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。研究表明,在仔猪日粮中添加复合活菌制剂可提高每头断奶仔猪平均日增重及饲料效率,降低腹泻的发病率,且增高了仔猪血清溶菌酶含量,提高了仔猪的免疫机能,从而提高了经济效益。 相似文献
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本试验旨在研究不同水平的复方中药对断奶獭兔生长性能、营养物质表观消化率、免疫功能及屠宰性能的影响.将70只60日龄断奶仔獭兔随机分为7组,每组5个重复,每个重复2只.Ⅰ组为空白对照组,饲喂基础日粮;Ⅱ组为抗生素对照组,饲喂在基础日粮中添加抗生素(含50 mg/kg杆菌肽锌、10 mg/kg硫酸黏杆菌素)的日粮;Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ、Ⅵ、Ⅶ组为中药试验组,分别饲喂在基础日粮中添加1%、2%、3%、4%、5%复方中药的日粮.预试期7 d,正试期45 d.结果表明:①Ⅳ组平均日增重显著高于Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组(P< 0.05),料重比显著低于其他各试验组(P< 0.05).②在干物质表观消化率上,Ⅳ组显著高于Ⅰ、Ⅱ组(P< 0.05),Ⅶ组显著高于Ⅰ组 (P< 0.05);在粗纤维表观消化率上,Ⅳ组极显著高于Ⅰ组(P< 0.01),Ⅶ组显著高于Ⅰ组(P< 0.05);在中性洗涤纤维表观消化率上,Ⅳ组极显著高于Ⅰ组(P< 0.01),显著高于Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅴ、Ⅶ组(P< 0.05);在酸性洗涤纤维表观消化率上,Ⅳ组显著高于Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅴ、Ⅶ组(P< 0.05);在粗蛋白质表观消化率上,Ⅳ组显著高于Ⅰ、Ⅱ组(P< 0.05).③各试验组间免疫球蛋白(IgG、IgA、IgM)含量差异均不显著(P> 0.05);Ⅳ组脾脏指数显著高于Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅴ组(P< 0.05).④各试验组间屠宰率、半净膛屠宰率、全净膛屠宰率差异均不显著(P> 0.05).综上所述,日粮中添加复方中药和抗生素都可提高断奶獭兔生长性能、营养物质表观消化率、免疫功能及屠宰性能,且添加2%复方中药效果最好. 相似文献
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为观察苦豆籽粕-两歧双歧杆菌-唾液乳杆菌合生元对早期断奶仔猪不同时期小肠黏膜绒毛长度、隐窝深度和绒腺比的影响,试验选用60头(21±2)日龄体质量相近的杜长大三元杂交断奶仔猪,随机分为4组,每组3个重复,每个重复5头仔猪。试验组在饲喂基础日粮的基础上分别添加0.5%,1.0%,2.0%的合生元,对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验期4周。结果表明,合生元组可显著提高仔猪小肠绒毛的高度,其中2.0%合生元组效果较好;对小肠黏膜隐窝深度方面的差异不显著;饲喂合生元可以提高小肠黏膜绒腺比,其中以0.5%合生元组和2.0%合生元组效果明显。在本试验饲养方式下,苦豆籽粕-两歧双歧杆菌-唾液乳杆菌合生元可以改善肠道黏膜形态结构,尤以2.0%剂量组效果较好,适宜于生产实践。 相似文献
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魏静 《四川畜牧兽医学院学报》2009,(4):28-32
在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。 相似文献
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本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。 相似文献
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REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air. 相似文献
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以国际标准强毒R株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离MG,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离MG。结果表明,人工感染48小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,96小时气囊已被感染,120小时输卵管已能分离到MG,卵巢始终分离不到MG。人工感染鸡自144小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出MG。药物治疗能在72小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需24天后逐渐降低蛋内MG分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内MG,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。 相似文献
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Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF
Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo. 相似文献