猪源科氏葡萄球菌的分离与鉴定

从病死猪肺脏内分离到的1株优势菌并命名为SCI-1。根据细菌的形态特征、生化特性、并结合分离菌株的16SrDNA基因核苷酸序列测定以及系统进化树分析,确定分离菌株为科氏葡萄球菌。动物致病性试验表明,该分离株对小鼠具有较强致病性。药敏结果显示,该菌对庆大霉素、阿米卡星及磺胺间甲氧嘧啶敏感;对阿奇霉素、氯霉素、红霉素、氟苯尼考、阿莫西林及强力霉素耐药。     

猪源大肠杆菌O157的分离鉴定及药敏试验

从河南省罗山县某猪场腹泻仔猪肝脏分离到1株革兰阴性杆菌,通过细菌培养特性、细菌形态和生化试验,确定为大肠杆菌。经O血清型鉴定,该分离株为O157。动物试验结果显示,该分离菌株对小鼠有较强的致死性,为致病性大肠杆菌。药敏试验结果显示,分离菌株对头孢曲松、头孢噻呋、头孢噻肟和丁胺卡那等药物高度敏感,对四环素、强力霉素、诺氟沙星、环丙沙星和恩诺沙星等药物产生耐药。     

致羔羊腹泻大肠埃希茵的分离鉴定及防治

从陕西省某羊场发生腹泻羔羊的肝脏和脾脏分离到一株细菌,通过培养特性、茵体形态、菌落特征、染色特性、生化试验等一系列的系统鉴定,确定为致病性大肠埃希菌。动物致病性试验表明,该菌对小白鼠有较强的致病性,引起其死亡。毒素试验表明,分离菌产生致小白鼠死亡的外毒素。血清学鉴定该茵血清型为O114。药敏试验表明,该茵对大观霉素、头孢噻肟等高度敏感,对米诺环素、克林霉素、克拉霉素等不敏感。分离茵制成铝胶佐剂灭活苗免疫羊群,能有效的预防该羊场羔羊腹泻的发生。     

柴达木绒山羊羔羊大肠杆菌的分离鉴定及药敏试验

从送检的1份因腹泻致死的病料中分离培养得到1株菌,经生化和分子生物学鉴定和动物致死试验,鉴定该分离菌株为致病性大肠杆菌。体外药敏实验证实了分离株该菌对杆菌肽、多粘菌素E、呋喃妥因等药物敏感;对氯霉素、强力霉素等药物中敏;对青霉素、红霉素、卡那霉素等药物耐药。     

猪源解鸟氨酸拉乌尔菌分离鉴定与大环内酯耐药基因检测

为确定吉林省某养殖场导致猪群死亡的病原菌,本研究从病死猪胸腔积液中分离得到一株优势菌,经16S r DNA检测该株优势菌为解鸟氨酸拉乌尔菌;动物回归试验显示分离株对猪、小鼠均有致病性;药敏试验结果显示该菌对大环内酯类的麦迪霉素、阿奇霉素、红霉素、泰乐菌素呈显著耐药,并通过PCR检测到分离菌株的大环内酯耐药基因呈显性表达。本研究首次从猪体内分离到解鸟氨酸拉乌尔菌,并为该条件致病菌的临床诊疗、免疫防控提供参考依据。     

犬源铜绿假单胞菌的分离与鉴定

为了确定一株从犬子宫蓄脓的脓汁中分离的细菌的属性及致病性和敏感药物,试验采用病原分离培养、生化试验、动物致病性试验、药敏试验及16S rRNA基因鉴定方法对该菌株进行研究。结果表明:分离菌为铜绿假单胞菌,具有较强的致病性,对环丙沙星、氧氟沙星、头孢类抗生素敏感,对其他抗菌药物如青霉素、阿奇霉素、四环素、万古霉素等耐药。     

6株猪源绿色气球菌的分离鉴定及耐药性分析

从吉林省不同猪场病死猪肺脏组织中分离到6株优势菌群,通过细菌形态观察,生化试验及16SrDNA基因序列测定确定6株分离株为猪源绿色气球菌,将其命名为Aer-1~Are-6。动物致病性试验结果显示分离菌株对小鼠均有致病性。动物回归致病性试验表明,分离株对仔猪具有致病性。药敏试验结果显示,分离菌株具有多重耐药性,只对阿米卡星、氟苯尼考、环丙沙星及恩诺沙星较敏感。     

猪源肺炎克雷伯菌的分离鉴定

为确定四川某猪场导致猪细菌性感染死亡的病原,本研究从送检病死猪肺脏样品中分离得到一株细菌,对该菌株进行培养特性观察、生化试验、动物致病性试验、药敏试验、16S r RNA基因的扩增及测序鉴定。结果显示其16S r RNA基因序列与肺炎克雷伯菌(Kpn)序列同源性达99%,表明该菌株为Kpn肺炎亚种;致病性试验结果显示其对小鼠具有强致病性;并且在血平板上出现α溶血现象;药敏试验结果显示分离菌株表现出多重耐药性,毒力较强,并且在培养特性上发生一定的改变。本实验为进一步研究Kpn耐药机制和致病机理奠定了基础。     

仓鼠源缓慢葡萄球菌的分离鉴定及生物学特性研究

从死亡仓鼠的血液及内脏器官中分离出一株细菌,经镜检、菌落形态观察、培养特性观察、生化试验、PCR鉴定及16 S rRNA基因测序和同源性分析,确定该分离菌株为缓慢葡萄球菌。动物回归试验表明,分离菌可以引起实验小鼠的慢性死亡,这表明缓慢葡萄球菌具有致病性并很可能会对公共卫生安全具有潜在威胁。药敏试验显示,该分离菌株对大多数抗生素均十分敏感,但对氟喹诺酮类药物及复方新诺明有很强的耐药性。     

狐狸源小肠肠球菌分离鉴定与药敏试验

为确定某养殖场患病死亡狐狸的病原菌,本试验对病死狐狸进行剖检和细菌分离培养、生化鉴定以及16S rDNA鉴定、动物致病性试验和药敏试验。结果显示,分离菌株为革兰阳性球菌,经过生化鉴定和16S rDNA序列分析,确定分离菌株为小肠肠球菌,并命名为E.hirae QHD-1;动物回归试验结果显示,分离菌株E.hirae QHD-1对小鼠具有较强的致病性,LD_(50)为1.26×10~4 CFU;药敏试验结果显示,分离菌株E.hirae QHD-1对氨苄西林和恩诺沙星等药物敏感,对替米考星、阿米卡星等耐药;毒力因子检测结果显示,该分离株具有较强的致病力。毛皮动物小肠肠球菌的感染病例尚未见有报道,本试验丰富了狐狸病原菌相关的研究,并为防控该菌引起的疾病提供了重要参考资料。     

Disease and destiny-mystery and mastery

When early people made their appearance, zoonotic infectious diseases were already waiting, but epidemic diseases did not appear in human history until people began to live in large numbers under conditions of close contact, mainly during the last 10,000 years. Disease has decimated urban populations, conquered armies, and disrupted society. The focus here is on (1) the plague of Athens and the Black Death; (2) smallpox, influenza, and rabies; (3) avian influenza prion diseases, and foot & mouth disease; and (4) emerging and re-emerging diseases. All have veterinary public health associations. In Athens, Greece, in 430 BC, when the Spartans ravaged the countryside, hordes crowded into Athens so that orderly movements, space in which to live, and adequate supplies of food became impossible. Crowding of any population fosters disease transmission; chaos and disorder enhance it all the more. Out of northern Egypt came a terrible plague from across the Mediterranean Sea. The identity of the plague of Athens remains unsure, but the well-considered conclusion is Rift Valley Fever, a mosquito borne, viral zoonosis. The Black Death, also called the Plague, raged in Asia for centuries. In 1347, the Black Death was brought by a ship out of Asia to Sicily. The scenes of devastation were repeated throughout Europe, with 90% or more of the people dying in city after city. Influenza, too, has been a cause of periodic human epidemics, but the great pandemic of influenza occurred in the last months of World War I. In the years of highest occurrence, more than half the world's population became clinically infected. If veterinary public health had been born earlier, it could have led to elucidating the epidemiology of influenza and the plagues of Athens, Europe, and Asia. In turn, smallpox had also caused continual tragedy. In 1796, Edward Jenner began to harvest pustules of cowpox from children or infected cows and inject them into susceptible children. In 1980, the World Health Organization declared that smallpox had been eliminated from the world. Rabies, though, still strikes terror. A number of animal diseases, broadly termed emerging and re-emerging diseases, need surveillance because they have the potential to impact human health. From late in 2003 to 2007, the highly pathogenic H5N1 influenza virus in poultry infected at least 121 people and caused 62 deaths in four countries. The prion diseases, too, all have very high numbers in concentrated contacts. To control these diseases, veterinary public health is essential, with diagnosis, epidemiological surveillance, clinical manifestations, and prevention as primary measures.     

Foot and mouth disease and bluetongue: differences and similarities

On 26th of july 2007 a new case of bluetongue was notified in the Netherlands and on 2nd of august 2007 foot-and-mouth disease was diagnosed in Surrey, England, which raised the threat of having both infections simultaniously in one area. Bluetongue and foot-and-mouth disease have a different pathogenesis, but symptoms may resemble each other at a later stage of infection. The pathogenesis and possible clinical symptoms of both infections are discussed and illustrated with pictures.     

德国荷兰畜禽产品质量安全交流与启示

2018年岁末,笔者有幸赴德国和荷兰,就畜产品质量安全控制及检测技术等进行了短期交流,收获颇丰,现具体介绍如下。一、交流情况德国面积35.73万平方千米,人口约8175.2万,是欧盟人口最多的国家,农业发达,机械化程度很高。德国的畜牧业以猪、牛、羊和禽类为主,畜牧业产值占农业生产总值的61%。德国虽然农业比重很小,但却是有机农业运动最早的发起国,也是目前世界上有机农产品生产与消费大国。     

奶牛肢蹄病及其防治

简介常见奶牛肢蹄病种类及其症状,从日粮营养、运动场地面结构、环境卫生、饲养管理、遗传育种、疾病管理等方面简析奶牛肢蹄病的病因,并提出相应的预防措施。     

畜禽物种多样性及其保护和利用

文章就我国畜禽物种多样性资源的现状、保护和利用等方面进行阐述,为生态脆弱的喀斯特地区畜牧业可持续发展提供参考。     

马的咽气癖及其防制措施研究进展

在动物的异常行为中以刻板行为最为常见,而咽气癖又是马最常见的口部刻板行为之一。作者就咽气癖在生理方面和心智方面对马体产生的影响、行为基础、诱因的研究进展及常见的防治措施进行综述。     

国内外蛋氨酸与赖氨酸市场分析与展望

近几年,世界饲用添加剂市场增长较快,预计今后将进一步增长,据世界粮农组织(FAO)首领会议的倡议,到2015年,将使世界营养不良的人口削减一半,其间,肉制品将会以每年2％的速度增长,特别是加快猪肉和禽肉增长。这将促进世界添加剂,尤其是蛋氨酸和赖氨酸需求量的增加。     

牛羊焦虫病诊断与防治技术

近几年来,辽宁省牛羊饲养业迅速发展,焦虫病的危害越来越明显,已成为危害牛羊的主要疾病之一。为了提高牛羊焦虫病的防治水平,保证我省牛羊饲养业的健康发展,笔者在参阅文献和同行们诊疗经验的基础上,结合自己的治疗实践,详细阐述了我省牛羊焦虫病近几年的流行特点和诊断防治方法。