苏云金芽胞杆菌新菌株S184 cry1Ab基因的克隆

通过对ＧｅｎＢａｎｋ中ｃｒｙ１类基因序列的保守区进行分析,设计一对针对其保守区的引物Ｙ５－１（ＡＧＧＡＣＣＡＧＧＡＴＴＴＡＣＡＧＧＡＧＧ）和Ｙ３－１（ＧＣＴＧＴＧＡＣＡＣ ＧＡＡＧＧＡＴＡＴＡＧＣＣＡＣ）,对苏云金芽胞杆菌（Ｂａｘｉｌｌｕｓ ｔｈｕｒｉｎｇｉｅｎｓｉｓ,Ｂｔ）新菌株Ｓ１８４质粒ＤＮＡ进行扩增,得到一大小为１．５ｋｂ的ＤＮＡ片段,序列分析显示该片段与ｃｒｙ１因基因高度同源。以此片段为     

利用苏云金芽胞杆菌非芽胞特异性的启动子表达cry1Ac10和cry1C基因

利用重叠延伸ＰＣＲ技术,将苏云金芽胞特异性的ｃｒｙ３Ａ基因的启动子替换ｃｒｙ１Ａｃ１０和ｃｒｙ１Ｃ基因的启动子序列,并用ｃｒｙ１Ａｃ１０基因的终止序列,替换ｃｒｙ１Ｃ基因终止密友子下淳的序列,得到改造的ｃｒｙ１Ａｃ１０和ｃｒｙ１Ｃ基因,改免与其内源杀虫晶体蛋白基因竞争转录因子（σ因子）从而提高杀虫晶体蛋白的表达量,为构建高效杀虫工程菌提供了有效的基因。     

花生条纹病毒外壳蛋白基因cDNA的合成、克隆及全序列测定

自田间采集的花生病叶中提取花生条纺病毒（ＰＳｔＶ）总ＲＮＡ,人工合成引物Ｐ１、Ｐ２,通过ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ扩增合成ＰＳｔＶ－ｃｐ的ｃＤＮＡ,并将其克隆到ｐＧＥＭ－Ｔ载体上。经限制酶谱分析后进行全序列测定,结果表明：该布１０８４个核苷酸组成,包含了ＰＳｔＶ－ｃｐ ｃＤＮＡ完整的８６１ｂｐ编码序列（编码２８７个氮基酸）以及３＇端２２３ｂｐ非编码序列,与文献报道的４个ＰＳｔＶ－ｃｐ基因具有较高的保守性。     

不带抗药性基因的nifA质粒的构建

本研究克隆了萤光假单胞菌ＡＳ１．５５（Ｐｓｅｕｄｏｍｏｎａｓ ｆｌｕｏｒｅｓｃｅｎｓＡＳ１．５５）的亮氨酸基因（ｌｅｕ＾＋）ＥｃｏＲＩ片段（－６．６ｋｂ）,并获得含有该片段的重组质粒ｐＢＲ３２２－ＬＥＵ。从ｐＢＲ３２２－ＬＥＵ质粒中分离出ｌｅｕ＾＋ＥｃｏＲＩ片段,将其插入到ｎｉｆＡ质ｐＭＣ７１Ａ的ＥｃｏＲⅠ位点使氯霉素抗性基因失活,从而构建了不带抗药性基因ｎｉｆＡ质粒ｐＭＣ７１Ａ－ＬＥＵ。     

狂犬病病毒3aG株核蛋白基因cDNA的克隆及序列分析

从狂犬病病毒感染的ＢＨＫ细胞裂解上清液中快速提取病毒ＲＮＡ,用反转录－聚合式反应（ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ）方法得到编码核蛋白完整结构基因的ｃＤＮＡ,进一步将此基因克隆入ｐＵＣ１８中,进行核苷酸序列分析,并与国外ＰＶ、ＣＶＳ、ＳＡＤＢ１９株以及国内５ａＧ株的Ｎ基因序列进行了同源性比较,证明所克隆Ｎ基因正确。     

与黄原胶生物合成相关的"1.9" kb EcoRI DNA片段的序列测定分析

对Ｘａｎｔｈｏｍｏｎａｓｃａｍｐｅｓｔｒｉｓｐｖ．ｃａｍｐｅｓｔｒｉｓ（下称Ｘｃｃ）８００４菌株染色体基因组中９．４ｋｂＨｉｎｄⅢＤＮＡ的“１．９”ｋｂＥｃｏＲＩ酶切片段的测序分析结果表明,该ＥｃｏＲＩＤＮＡ片段的实际长度为１．８８ｋｂ。在核苷酸水平上与Ｘｃｃ的ｇｕｍ基因有９８％的一致性;这一ＥｃｏＲＩ片段上有两个有意义的ＯＲＦ：ＯＲＦ１和ＯＲＦ２。ＯＲＦ１是一个不完整的ＯＲＦ;在氨基酸水平上,ＯＲＦ１和ＯＲＦ２的推断性编码产物蛋白分别与ｇｕｍＡ基因编码的ＧｕｍＡ及ｇｕｍＢ基因编码的ＧｕｍＢ蛋白有１００％的一致性。因此在１．８８ｋｂＥｃｏＲＩ片段上存在一完整的ｇｕｍＢ基因。     

反转录—套式PCR检测IBV分离株及其RFLP分型研究

根据国外发表的基因序列,自行设计两对引物,应用反转录－套式ＰＣＲ成功扩增ＩＢＶ分离株Ｈ１和Ｈ２Ｓ１基因,利用限制性内切酶ＨａｅⅢ,ＸｃｍＩ,ＢｓｔＹＩ三级酶切,做ＲＦＬＰ分析,将两毒株归为Ｍａｓｓａｃｈｕｓｅｔｔｓ型。     

固氮粪产碱菌基因文库的构建及ntrC的克隆

采用广泛寄主范围的粘粒载体ｐＬＡ２９１７构建粪产碱菌Ａｌｃａｌｉｇｅｎｅｓ ｆａｅｃａｌｉｓ的基因文库。以巴西固氮螺科菌Ａｚｏｓｐｉｒｉｌｌｕｍ ｂｒａｓｉｌｅｎｓｅ ｎｔｒＣ ＤＮＡ为探针，经菌落杂交和Ｓｏｕｔｈｅｒｎ杂交筛选获得含ｎｔｒＣ－ｌｉｋｅ基因的阳性克隆ｐＬＡＦ５８，建立了含ｎｔｒＣ同源序列的９．５ｋｂ ＳａｃＩ片段的物理图谱，采用巴西固氮螺菌ｎｔｒＢ ＤＮＡ探针杂交证明粪产碱菌ｎｔｒ     

人工合成苏云金芽孢杆菌杀虫蛋白基因cryI A（c）在大肠杆菌中…

用化学合成法和分子生物学技术合成了ｃｒｙ Ｉ Ａ（ｃ）基因编码杀虫蛋白中决定杀虫活性的第２９至６１３氨基酸部分的１７５５ｂｐ ＤＮＡ。合成中改变了多处ＡＴ富集区和可能引起该基因转录提前终止或引起ｍＲＮＡ不稳定的序列。与野生型基因相比，新合成基因的ＧＣ比例由野生型的３８％增加到４７％，更接近于植物基因的特点。有５２％的氨基酸密码子改变为植物偏爱密码子。Ｗｅｓｔｅｒｎ印迹分析及虫试结果表明合成的ｃｒｙ     

苏云金芽胞杆菌杀虫晶体蛋白基因cry218的克隆和表达

从对棉铃虫高毒力的苏云金芽胞杆菌２１８菌株中克隆到杀虫晶体蛋白基因ｃｒｙ２１８，限制性内切酶图谱表明该基因属于ｃｒｙ１Ａｃ基因。改造了两个质粒载体，并以此将ｃｒｙ２１８基因克隆到Ｅ．ｃｏｌｉＪＭ１０３和苏云金芽胞杆菌无晶体突变株Ｂｔｉ７８／１１中，重组菌均表达１３０ｋＤ蛋白质，对小菜蛾的杀虫率在稀释１０００倍和３０００倍时可分别达到９０％以上和８０％以上。     

小盐芥 TsPIP1;1 与 TsTIP1;1 基因增强转基因水稻耐盐性

【目的】为更好地了解植物水通道蛋白盐胁迫下的调节作用,对小盐芥质膜内在蛋白TsPIP1;1及液泡膜内在蛋白TsTIP1;1在转基因水稻中的盐胁迫生理响应机制进行探究,旨在为水通道蛋白在耐盐作物分子改良育种中的应用提供理论支撑。【方法】以野生型 (WT) 与 T3 代转 TsPIP1;1 及 TsTIP1;1 基因水稻为材料,进行了水培试验,并设置了 0、100、200 mmol/L NaCl 处理。处理一周后,分别测定水稻的光合参数、株高、生物量、相对含水量、失水率及钾、钠含量。【结果】在盐胁迫处理下,与野生型相比,转基因水稻的生物量和含水量明显增加,渗透势和失水率显著降低。转 TsPIP1;1 及 TsTIP1;1 基因水稻根部及地上部的 Na+ 含量都显著降低,K+ 在转基因株系中的累积显著高于野生型,降低了体内 Na+/K+ 比,并且能够保持更强的净光合速率、气孔导度、蒸腾速率及水分利用效率。在 200 mmol/L NaCl 处理下,与野生型相比,TsTIP-5、TsTIP-7 及 TsPIP-19 的株高分别高出 8.2%、11.6%、4.9%;单株干重分别高出 17.9%、23.9%、16.9%;地上部 Na+/K+ 比分别降低 24.3%、24.4%、24.8%;根部 Na+/K+ 比分别降低 29.6%、27.5%、32.4%;渗透势分别显著降低了 18.3%、19.4%、30.3%;相对含水量分别增加了 5.8%、5.5%、5.4%;净光合速率分别增加了50.4%、 78.5%、56.2%。【结论】TsPIP1;1 及 TsTIP1;1 增强了转基因水稻的光合呼吸作用,通过降低植物体内 Na+/K+ 比,参与植物细胞的渗透调节,提高了细胞持水能力,促进转基因水稻的生长发育,增强了水稻的耐盐性。     

Determination of aflatoxicol and aflatoxins B1 and M1 in eggs

Procedures from 2 methods, one for aflatoxins B1 and M1 in eggs and one for aflatoxicol in milk, blood, and liver, have been combined to determine the 3 toxins in eggs. The sample is blended with sodium chloride-saturated water and this mixture is then blended with acetone. After separation from the solid residue, the aqueous acetone extract is defatted with petroleum ether. The toxins are next partitioned into chloroform and separated from interferences on a silica gel column. Aflatoxicol is determined by fluorescence measurement after separation on a C18 reverse phase liquid chromatographic column, and aflatoxins B1 and M1 are determined by fluorescence densitometry after separation on a silica gel thin layer chromatographic plate. In a recovery study with eggs, mean recoveries of aflatoxicol added at levels of 0.1, 0.05, and 0.025 ng/g were 87, 77, and 78%, respectively. Mean recoveries of aflatoxins B1 and M1 added at a level of 0.1 ng/g were 75 and 87%, respectively, and at an added level of 0.05 ng/g were 86 and 75%. The within-laboratory precision (repeatability) ranged from 2 to 13%.     

Event-specific qualitative and quantitative PCR detection methods for transgenic rapeseed hybrids MS1xRF1 and MS1xRF2

Except for the events RT73, MS8, RF3, and T45, event-specific detection methods for most commercialized genetically modified (GM) rapeseed varieties have not been established, and as a result, the enforcement of genetically modified organism labeling policies has been hindered. The genetically modified rapeseeds, MS1xRF1 and MS1xRF2, are 2 of 11 approved GM-rapeseed varieties for commercialization. In this study, the right border junction fragments between the gene construct and the rapeseed genome of events RF1, RF2, and MS1 were isolated using the commercially available GenomeWalker technology. Homology analysis indicated that the gene construct of RF1 integrated upstream of the nuclease gene, and that of the RF2 and MS1 inserted into the exon region of a gene encoding for an unknown protein. The event-specific primer pairs and corresponding probes were designed on the basis of the revealed right border junction fragments. Then, we successfully developed the identification and quantification methods for the gene-stacked hybrids MS1xRF1 and MS1xRF2 using those primers and probes. The relative limit of detection in the qualitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was 0.013% for the RF2 and MS1 assays using 100 ng of rapeseed DNA per reaction and 0.13% for the RF1 assay. The absolute limit of detection in the quantitative PCR was approximately one to two initial copies for each of the three event-specific assays. The evaluation of the real-time PCR assays revealed that the qualitative and quantitative methods developed by focusing on the gene-stacked hybrids MS1xRF1 and MS1xRF2 were highly specific, sensitive, and suitable for samples with a low quantity of DNA.     

Distribution of aflatoxins B1 and M1 in contaminated calf and pig livers

The determination of aflatoxins B1 and M1 in multiple sections of livers from 4 calves and 1 pig exposed to high levels of aflatoxins showed a uniform distribution of the aflatoxins in each liver, within the precision of the analytical method used. The thin layer chromatographic method has an expected within-laboratory coefficient of variation of 15%.     

2︰1和1︰1型黏土矿物胶体凝聚中Hofmeister效应的比较研究

土壤胶体是土壤具备肥力与生态功能的物质基础,土壤胶体凝聚与分散影响着土壤中一系列微观过程和宏观现象。采用动态光散射技术比较研究三种碱金属阳离子(Li+、Na+、K+)引发不同类型黏土矿物(2︰1型蒙脱石和1︰1型高岭石)胶体凝聚中的Hofmeister效应。研究发现,Li+、Na+、K+作用下蒙脱石、高岭石胶体的凝聚速率、临界聚沉浓度及活化能都存在明显差异,表现出强烈的Hofmeister效应。当电解质浓度为20 mmol·L–1时,K+引发蒙脱石胶体凝聚的速率为66.61 nm·min–1,远高于Na+、Li+引发蒙脱石胶体凝聚速率(5.93、4.41 nm·min–1);而与之对应的临界聚沉浓度则呈现K+(蒙脱石21.8 mmol·L–1、高岭石34.6 mmol·L–1)低于Na+(蒙脱石57.6 mmol·L–1、高岭石85.8 mmol·L–1)低于Li+(蒙脱石81.8 mmol·L–1、高岭石113.9 mmol·L–1)规律,胶体凝聚中活化能可合理解释此现象。电解质浓度为25 mmol·L–1时,Li+、Na+、K+引发蒙脱石、高岭石胶体凝聚的活化能分别为1.97 kT、1.43 kT、0 kT和2.94 kT、1.71 kT、0.49 kT,说明蒙脱石、高岭石胶体凝聚过程中Hofmeister效应序列均为Li+相似文献   

gBTN1A1基因的筛选、克隆及序列分析

利用抑制消减杂交技术研究西农萨能羊泌乳中期和末期的乳腺组织差异表达基因，构建消减文库，得到山羊嗜乳脂蛋白的部分序列，根据牛和绵羊基因组序列进行电子拼接，设计引物，得到山羊嗜乳脂蛋白的CDs区全序列，应用RT-PCR技术从山羊乳腺组织总RNA中扩增克隆了山羊嗜乳脂蛋白基因CDs区，命名为gBTN1A1,并登录Genbank（EF102891）。gBTN1A1全基因由7个外显子和6个内含子组成，开放读码框由1581个碱基,编码526个氨基酸，gBTN1A1基因核苷酸序列与牛、人和鼠的同源性为97%, 88%, 84%，蛋白质序列的同源性为96%, 84% and 70%。其二级结构、跨膜区域及信号肽分析与牛、人和鼠相似，所以推测gBTN1A1与乳脂肪球的分泌密切相关，根据其在泌乳期表达丰度的差异推测其可能影响山羊产奶量。     

Aflatoxicol and aflatoxins B1 and M1 in the tissues of pigs receiving aflatoxin

Aflatoxicol (AFL) and aflatoxins B1 and M1 were found in tissues (kidney, liver, and muscle) of feeder pigs given an estimated LD50 oral dose of B1 (1.0 mg/kg body weight) provided as a rice culture of Aspergillus flavus and of market-weight pigs fed a naturally contaminated feed, containing aflatoxin B1 at a level of 400 ng/g from corn, for 14 days. The residues in all tissues decreased with time after treatment in both groups, with no detectable residues (approximate detection limits, ng/g, B1 0.03, M1 0.05, AFL 0.01) in pig tissues from the feeding experiment 24 h after withdrawal of aflatoxin-contaminated feed. B1 and M1, when found in the feeding experiment, were at about the same levels in all tissues except the kidney, in which M1 was the dominant aflatoxin. The level of AFL, when detected, was about 10% of the B1 level.     

N-(1-deoxy-D-fructos-1-yl) fumonisin B(1), the initial reaction product of fumonisin B(1) and D-glucose

Incubation of fumonisin B(1) and D-glucose in aqueous solutions resulted in the formation of N-(1-deoxy-D-fructos-1-yl) fumonisin B(1) in addition to the previously reported N-(carboxymethyl) fumonisin B(1). N-(1-Deoxy-D-fructos-1-yl) fumonisin B(1) is the first stable product formed after the Amadori rearrangement of the Schiff base formed by the reaction of the primary amine of fumonisin B(1) and the aldehyde group of D-glucose. N-(1-Deoxy-D-fructos-1-yl) fumonisin B(1) was synthesized by reacting fumonisin B(1) with an excess of D-glucose in methanol and heating for 6 h at 64 degrees C. It was purified using C(18) and strong cation exchange solid-phase extraction cartridges and characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Subsequently, N,N-dimethylformamide was found to be a better reaction solvent, requiring reaction for only 2-3 h at 64 degrees C and eliminating the formation of methyl esters. Alkaline hydrolysis of N-(1-deoxy-D-fructos-1-yl) fumonisin B(1) gave a mixture of hydrolyzed fumonisin B(1) and hydrolyzed N-(carboxymethyl) fumonisin B(1).     

Inhibition of extrahepatic human cytochromes P450 1A1 and 1B1 by metabolism of isoflavones found in Trifolium pratense (red clover)

Biochanin A and formononetin are the predominant isoflavones in red clover. In a previous study (J. Agric. Food Chem. 2002, 50, 4783-4790), it was demonstrated that human liver microsomes converted biochanin A and formononetin to genistein and daidzein. This paper now shows CYP1B1-catalyzed O-demethylation of biochanin A and formononetin to produce genistein and daidzein, respectively, which inhibit CYP1B1. Recombinant human CYP1A1 or CYP1B1 was incubated with biochanin A or formononetin. CYP1A1 catalyzed isoflavone 4'-O-demethylation and hydroxylations with similar efficiency, whereas CYP1B1 favored 4'-O-demethylation over hydroxylations. Three of the biochanin A metabolites (5,7,3'-trihydroxy-4'-methoxyisoflavone, 5,7,8-trihydroxy-4'-methoxyisoflavone, and 5,6,7-trihydroxy-4'-methoxyisoflavone) were characterized by 1H NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. Daidzein (Ki = 3.7 microM) exhibited competitive inhibition of CYP1B1 7-ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase activity, and genistein (Ki = 1.9 microM) exhibited mixed inhibition. Biochanin A and/or formononetin may exert anticarcinogenic effects directly by acting as competitive substrates for CYP1B1 or indirectly through their metabolites daidzein and genistein, which inhibit CYP1B1.