脑活素治疗新生大鼠缺氧缺血性脑病的研究

缺氧缺血性脑病（hypoxic-ischemic encephalo-pathy,HIE）是医学儿科临床上由于新生儿窒息引起的脑部合并症,是严重威胁新生儿生命和健康的疾病之一.但至今为止,国内外尚无统一、行之有效的治疗方案.本项研究通过建立新生大鼠HIE模型并应用脑活素予以治疗,旨在揭示新生大鼠缺氧缺血性脑病发病机理及脑活素的治疗作用,为医学儿科临床治疗缺氧缺血性脑病的研究提供科学的理论依据。     

脑活素对新生大鼠缺氧缺血性脑损伤的影响

用结扎颈动脉和缺氧的方法建立一侧缺氧缺血性脑损伤(HIE)动物模型,观察脑活素对HIE大鼠脑组织损伤的治疗作用。结果发现,缺氧缺血后新生大鼠脑组织血栓素B2(TXB2)和6酮--前列腺素F1α(6-keto-PGF1α)含量、细胞凋亡数及对侧脑组织含水量均显著升高,表明新生大鼠缺氧缺血性脑损伤与脑血流改变、脑细胞凋亡及脑组织含水量的变化密切相关;缺氧缺血大鼠应用脑活素治疗后,其脑组织TXB2和6-keto-PGF1α含量、细胞凋亡数及脑组织含水量均下降,表明脑活素通过改善脑血流、降低脑细胞凋亡及脑水肿程度来减轻缺氧缺血造成的损伤,对新生大鼠缺氧缺血性脑损伤发挥有效的治疗作用。     

脑活素治疗新生大鼠缺血缺氧性脑病机理的研究

7日龄Wister大鼠结扎左侧颈总动脉后吸入氧氮混合气体（8％O2和92％N2）2h,制成缺血缺氧性脑病动物模型,测定大鼠脑组织中丙二醛（MDA）的含量和超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）的活性。结果显示,缺血缺氧后6h,缺血缺氧组MDA含量显著升高,24h达到高峰,以后逐渐下降,96h与对照组比较无统计学差异;缺血缺氧脑活素治疗组MDA含量于缺血缺氧后6h已经显著下降,72h与对照组比较无统计学差异。缺血缺氧组SOD活力值在缺血缺氧后6h已经下降,24h降到最低点,以后逐渐回升,96h与对照组比较无统计学差异;缺血缺氧脑活素治疗组SOD活力值在缺血缺氧后6h明显提高,于缺血缺氧后96h与对照组比较无统计学差异。结果提示,缺血缺氧引起新生大鼠脑组织的氧化-抗氧化系统失衡,氧自由基大量产生,参与了新生大鼠缺血缺氧性脑病脑损伤过程;脑活素能够抑制氧自由基的生成,提高SOD的活力值,对缺血缺氧性脑病具有神经保护作用。     

新生儿坏死性小肠结肠炎16例临床分析

1999年1月至2004年1月,我院儿科共收治新生儿坏死性小肠结肠炎(简称NEC)患儿16例,现报道如下。1临床资料1.1一般资料:本组病例中男9例,女7例;早产儿12例;足月儿4例;母乳喂养13例,人工喂养3例;合并有新生儿窒息,新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病10例,同时有肺部感染者14     

藏药五根散对缺血性脑损伤大鼠新皮质与海马中内皮素含量变化的影响

本文观察急性缺血性脑损伤饲喂藏药五根散后大鼠新皮质和海马中内皮素(ET)含量变化,旨在寻找藏药防治脑损伤的可行性。方法是用夹闭大鼠双侧颈总动脉制作急性脑缺血动物模型,然后给该大鼠喂服藏药,以放射免疫法测定脑组织(新皮质和海马)中ET含量,并与喂水组及正常组进行对比观察。结果表明:缺血性脑损伤后大鼠脑皮质与海马中ET含量明显升高,喂服藏药治疗组的ET含量比喂水组的明显下降(P<0.05)。表明缺血性脑损伤后大鼠新皮质及海马中的ET含量增加,而藏药可抑制ET合成使其含量下降,具有保护脑组织作用。     

应用双氧水对大肠杆菌内毒素休克内给氧的试验报告

十年来,双氧水作为内给氧治疗某些缺氧性疾病医学刊物上屡见报道,兽医临床上也曾有人用过,但对安全性以及可靠性有所争议。为了验证与解决大家畜休克等疾病内     

新生羔羊颅内出血的诊治病例分析

<正> 新生羔羊颅内出血是新生羔羊的一种危重疾病,临床表现以窒息和中枢神经系统兴奋或抑制为主要特征,病理过程严重,若诊断救治不及时,常引起病羔死亡。有关本病的诊断和救治的报道极少,笔者在长期的临床工作中收治过57例新生羔羊颅内出血,治愈43例,治愈率75%,现将新生羔羊颅内出血的有关诊治情况介绍如下。1 发病原因新生羔羊颅内出血的发病有缺氧和产伤两种原因,但在临床病例中常常同时存在。1.1 缺氧临床常见的缺氧原因有羔羊分娩期过长或在生产过程中滥用催产素,引起子宫痉挛性收缩过强,造成胎盘血液循环减弱或停止,羔羊得不到足够的氧气,体内二氧化碳浓度增高,导致血管壁脆弱,通透性增高,血液外渗引起出血。1.2 产伤常见的产伤原因有母子头盆不对称,臀位产、阵缩过强,助产不当等,使羔羊头部受到强力挤压,均可引起血管破裂出血。1.3 缺氧与产伤可同时存在,并能相互影响。当分娩时,羔羊若仅有轻微产伤,     

禽源大肠杆菌致新生儿大肠杆菌型脑膜炎小鼠模型的构建研究

禽致病性大肠杆菌(APEC)临床分离株TW-XM可引起禽类和哺乳动物的脑膜炎,具有感染人类新生儿的潜能并受到医学和学术界极大关注。为探索不同感染剂量的APEC TW-XM感染情况,对新生小鼠进行腹腔接种,通过临床症状观察、存活率差异分析、同一时间点处死发病濒死的小鼠收集样品、脑组织病理学检测、血脑屏障损伤程度及脑膜炎相关炎症因子表达检测等评估,成功构建小鼠脑膜炎模型。基于新生小鼠大肠杆菌型脑膜炎模型建立,为防控大肠杆菌型脑膜炎提供研究基础。     

基于网络药理学研究丹参-川芎抗脑缺血再灌注损伤作用机制及试验验证

【目的】 通过网络药理学研究丹参-川芎药对治疗缺血性脑卒中的有效性成分及相应基因靶标，探讨其作用机制。【方法】 应用中药系统药理学计数平台（TCMSP）、GeneCards、OMIM数据库，筛选出丹参-川芎药对治疗缺血性脑卒中的潜在靶点并进行GO功能和KEGG通路富集分析。分别设置假手术组、模型组、丹参-川芎低、中、高剂量组，采用预防和治疗给药方式对线栓制备的脑缺血再灌注模型大鼠进行干预，采用Zea-longa评分法对脑缺血再灌注24 h模型大鼠进行神经功能评分，苏木素-伊红（HE）染色法观察脑组织病理学变化进行初步验证。【结果】 本研究共筛选到丹参-川芎药对主要有效活性成分共72个，其中川芎7个，丹参65个，缺血性脑卒中的靶点基因1 972个，有效活性成分与缺血性脑卒中共同作用靶标94个，包括IL6、IL10、TNF、MMP9、VEGFA、CASP3等；GO功能和KEGG通路富集结果提示，丹参-川芎药对治疗缺血性脑卒中与PI3K-Akt、cGMP-PKG、VEGF等多个信号通路有关。动物试验结果表明，丹参-川芎可减轻脑组织病理改变，减轻神经功能缺损，改善脑缺血再灌注损伤。【结论】 丹参-川芎药对可能是通过PI3K/Akt信号通路改善脑缺血再灌注损伤，发挥抗细胞凋亡的作用。     

碘醚柳胺对大鼠胚胎毒性和致畸性

以23．0,51.8,116.4mg/kg碘醚柳胺在Wistar大鼠妊娠后7－15d口服，各剂量组吸收胎和死胎率增加，活胎率减少，但对胎鼠外观，骨骼和内脏无致畸性，高剂量组对胎鼠生长发育和孕体重增长有明显的负影响，表明碘西边柳胺对大鼠有胚胎毒性，无致畸作用，提出，在临床上怀孕动物应慎用。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

Mechanism of Action of Probiotic Function of Lactobacilli

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制.     

Evaluation of serum concentrations of biomarkers of skeletal metabolism and results of radiography as indicators of severity of osteochondrosis in foals

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether serum concentrations of biomarkers of skeletal metabolism can, in conjunction with radiographic evaluation, indicate severity of osteochondrosis in developing horses. ANIMALS: 43 Dutch Warmblood foals with varying severity of osteochondrosis. PROCEDURE: 24 foals were monitored for 5 months and 19 foals were monitored for 11 months. Monthly radiographs of femoropatellar-femorotibial and tibio-tarsal joints were graded for osteochondral abnormalities. Serial blood samples were assayed for 8 cartilage and bone biomarkers. At the end of the monitoring period, foals were examined for macroscopic osteochondrosis lesions. RESULTS: Temporal relationships were evident between certain serum biomarkers and osteochondrosis severity in foals during their first year. Biomarkers of collagen degradation (collagenase-generated neoepitopes of type-II collagen fragments, type-I and -II collagen fragments [COL2-3/4C(short)], and cross-linked telopeptide fragments of type-I collagen) and bone mineralization (osteocalcin) were positive indicators of osteochondrosis severity at 5 months of age. In foals with lesions at 11 months of age, osteochondrosis severity correlated negatively with COL2-3/4C(short) and osteocalcin and positively with C-propeptide of type-II procollagen (CPII), a collagen synthesis marker. Radiographic grading of osteochondrosis lesions significantly correlated with macroscopic osteochondrosis severity score at both ages and was strongest when combined with osteocalcin at 5 months and CPII at 11 months. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The ability of serum biomarkers to indicate osteochondrosis severity appears to depend on stage of disease and is strengthened with radiography. In older foals with more permanent lesions, osteochondrosis severity is significantly related to biomarker concentrations of decreased bone formation and increased cartilage synthesis.