半干旱区马铃薯品种性状比较试验

为筛选出适合甘肃中部半干旱区种植的高产抗逆性强的马铃薯品种,通过田间试验,对新引进的6个马铃薯品种在甘肃会宁半干旱区进行品种比较试验。结果表明,脱毒薯‘青薯168’、‘庄薯3号’和‘黑蛋’产量较当地大面积种植常规品种‘青薯168’(CK)增产32.19%以上,产量差异极显著,且综合农艺性状好,可做为甘肃中部半干旱地区大面积推广品种。     

玉米新品种引进比较试验

主要对引进的多个玉米新品种,以‘上品超甜精选’为对照品种进行品种比较试验,从产量、主要经济性状、抗性等方面进行比较分析,力求筛选出适宜漳州地区种植的高产、抗病玉米新品种;结果表明:‘永珍7号’、‘彩糯17322’和‘华泰甜325’品种比对照增产达极显著,且综合性状表现较突出。     

牡丹江地区适宜对俄出口早熟马铃薯品种筛选

为解决牡丹江地区适宜对俄出口的马铃薯品种缺乏问题,从不同地区引进8个早熟马铃薯品种进行产量比较试验。通过对各品种生育期、植株及块茎的形态特征、产量等综合性状比较分析,结合俄罗斯人的饮食消费习惯,从中筛选出了牡丹江地区适宜对俄出口的早熟马铃薯品种为‘尤金’、‘费乌瑞它’、‘东农303’和‘中薯5号’。     

山西省旱作区马铃薯新品种（系）引进适应性鉴定及评价

山西省旱作区马铃薯种植品种比较单一,难以满足市场多元化需求及马铃薯产业发展。为筛选适宜山西省旱地种植的马铃薯优良品种,以山西省主推品种‘并薯26号’为对照品种,引进的9个马铃薯新品种（系）为研究对象,对其生育期、农艺性状、薯块性状、产量及品质进行评价。试验品种（系）生育期为101～110 d,其中‘冀张薯14号’生育期最长,收获时仍有少部分花,生产中可适度控旺或育苗移栽延长生育期进行种植。‘141-2’‘141-3’和‘冀张薯14号’结实性比较好,可作为旱地马铃薯育种亲本利用。块茎产量最高的是‘冀张薯14号’为47 968 kg/hm2,其次是‘141-4’,这两个品种（系）产量超过对照品种‘并薯26号’,但差异不显著。‘141-4’及‘京张薯1号’的平均隶属函数值大于0.6,综合营养较好。通过试验鉴定,筛选出一些可在山西省旱作区种植的高产、优质、综合性状良好的品种（系）,但还需要进一步种植试验。     

旱作区马铃薯品种引进筛选试验

马铃薯是天水市的主要粮食作物,有较大的种植面积,而优良品种是保证其高产稳产的重要基础。为了筛选适宜天水旱作区种植的高产抗病马铃薯品种,试验引进11个马铃薯品种,以‘陇薯6号’为对照品种,进行品种比较试验。结果表明,‘晋薯16号’和‘陇薯13号’产量较对照‘陇薯6号’增产32%以上,且产量差异极显著,综合农艺性状好,建议在天水旱作区推广应用。     

冬种马铃薯新品系比较试验

马铃薯是福建省第3大粮食作物。福建省是中国冬作马铃薯主产区之一,但目前生产上适合种植的优良品种较少。为了满足福建省生产中马铃薯品种需求,福建省农业科学院作物研究所引进16份马铃薯品系,以‘紫花851’为对照开展比较试验,初步筛选出8个新品系,特别是‘D671’、‘D613’和‘D708’3个新品系产量、薯形和薯肉等综合性状表现突出,为下一步品种示范推广工作奠定基础。     

鲜食玉米引进品种适应性评价

鲜食玉米适口性好、风味独特、富含人体所必需的多种营养成分,深受广大消费者喜爱。为筛选出适宜本地区种植的高产优质鲜食玉米品种,运用相关性和主成分分析等方法对引进的10个鲜食玉米品种主要农艺性状进行分析,综合评价其适应性、丰产性和品质。结果表明:参试的10个鲜食玉米品种按物候期分为早熟、中熟、晚熟三类,11个农艺性状中变异系数最大的是穗轴直径、穗直径和单穗鲜重,分别为18.11%、13.45%、9.25%,鲜穗产量和行粒数呈显著正相关(P0.05),主成分分析中前3个主成分累积贡献率达85.421%。综合鲜穗产量和品质,筛选出的甜玉米品种为‘美珍206’、‘美珍204’、‘澳甜8210’,甜糯玉米品种为‘珍甜糯3号’、‘早甜糯70’,糯玉米品种为‘迪糯278’,筛选出的品种将进行推广种植。该研究为干旱半干旱地区主栽鲜食玉米品种的评价提供依据。     

庆阳市早熟马铃薯品种比较试验

马铃薯(Solanum tuberosum L.)是庆阳市第三大粮食作物,早熟菜用型马铃薯发展迅速,但品种单一、产量低等因素影响该区早熟马铃薯产业发展。为筛选出适宜庆阳市早熟优质马铃薯新品种,提高产量和品质,以早熟品种‘费乌瑞它’为对照,对10个早熟马铃薯品种进行生物学特性、丰产性和商品性比较试验。结果表明,‘LK99’和‘尤金’2个品种田间长势强,农艺性状好,商品性状好,商品薯率85.3%以上;产量高,分别为27 247和26 563 kg/hm~2,较对照‘费乌瑞它’分别增产11.9%、9.1%,差异达到极显著水平,可作为该地区中早熟马铃薯品种示范推广。‘早大白’、‘中薯4号’和‘克新4号’3个品种产量中等,但生育期短,可作为该地区早熟品种示范推广。     

半干旱区马铃薯品种抗病性和产量田间试验

为加快抗病性新品种更新换代步伐,通过对引进的5个马铃薯品种及当地对照品种‘新大坪’进行生物学特性、适应性、抗病性和丰产性等综合农艺性状的比较试验,筛选适宜安定区种植的马铃薯抗病新品种。结果表明,‘青薯9号’对马铃薯早疫病及晚疫病的抗病性均表现最好,田间长势表现好,且产量最高(31 432 kg/hm2),适宜在半干旱区大面积推广种植。     

临洮县水川区马铃薯品种比较试验

为了筛选适宜临洮县水川区及相近生态区栽培的马铃薯品种,引进马铃薯品种11个,并以当地主栽品种‘克新1号’为对照进行了品种比较试验。结果表明,‘冀张薯12号’和‘LK99’产量分别为76 709和59 247 kg/hm2,分别较对照产量(48 253 kg/hm2)增加58.98%和22.79%,增产达极显著水平,综合性状优良;‘费乌瑞它’、‘中薯5号’和‘克新23号’产量与对照相当,但生育期较短。生产中可根据具体要求选择品种。     

Factors in the Reduction in Grain Number in Winter Wheat by Early-Sowing in Yamaguchi

Abstract

Grain number per spike of wheat is lower in early sowing than in the conventional standard cultivation in Yamaguchi, Prefecture, Japan. Components of the grain number per spike in five cultivars were analyzed with respect to temperature during the spike development period throughout three growing seasons 2001/2002, 2002/2003 and 2003/2004 to find the cause of the problem of early sowing cultivation. The plants sown in early-October and late-November were called the early sown group and the standard group, respectively, in the following. Three of the five cultivars, Hokushin, Akitakko and Nanbukomugi, showed a strong winter habit, which requires very cold temperatures for spike differentiation. The other two cultivars, Iwainodaichi and Airakomugi, had a moderate winter habit. Grain number per spike and grain yield were decreased by early-sowing (compare with the standard group) in almost all cultivars throughout the three growing seasons. The three cultivars which had a strong winter habit had fewer spikelets per spike in the early-sown group than in the standard group. The other two cultivars which had a moderate winter habit had fewer grains per spikelet in the early-sown group. The higher the temperature during the spikelet formation phase, which is from flag leaf initiation to terminal spikelet initiation, the higher the number of spikelets per spike in the standard group. The spikelet number per spike in the early-sown group increased with the increase in productive tillers under fertile conditions. Such conditions also increased the grain number per spike.     

Allelopathy in Agroecosystems in Spain

Summary

This paper reviews the effects of allelopathic interactions in agroecosystems in Spain on plant physiological activity and their ecological advantages. The phenological stage of growth of donor plants and the effective allelochemicals in the soil solution while studying the role of phenolic compounds were highlighting. Finally possible future prospects and conclusions regarding weed control by allelochemi-cals under integrated crop management strategies are discussed.     

2009年中国稻米市场分析及2010年展望

以翔实的资料对2009年中国稻米生产、消费、进出口、供求平衡、库存、价格走势、购销政策和国际稻米供求等情况进行了全面地分析,对影响2010年稻米市场价格走势的各种因素进行了深入研究,并在此基础上对2010年我国稻米市场价格走势进行了预测,结论是我国稻米价格仍呈上行趋势。     

我国干热区甘蔗抗旱植蔗主要问题研讨

我国干热蔗区是我国甘蔗糖业的重要生产基地,蔗区光热资源丰富,唯降水分布不均成为植蔗生产的主要限制因子;根据蔗区植蔗特点和甘蔗需水规律,苗期抗旱是干热蔗区抗旱植蔗的关键,保证较多的总苗数和足够的生长量是苗期抗旱植蔗需解决的关键技术难题,制定相应的苗期抗旱植蔗栽培技术措施是解决该难题的重要保障;该观点为我国干热蔗区植蔗生产、甘蔗引育种提供理论和技术支持。     

Diurnal changes in net photosynthetic rate in potato in two environments

Summary Diurnal changes in net photosynthetic rate were measured in a furrow-irrigated potato crop and in a riverbed crop where the water table was always maintained at 20–28 cm from the soil surface. In the irrigated crop, the photosynthetic rate during mid-afternoon was about half the peak rate observed at noon. This reduction was accompanied by a near tripling of stomatal resistance, a 45% reduction in transpiration, and a 5-fold increase in the difference between leaf and air temperatures. No such changes were observed in the riverbed crop where the photosynthetic rate remained nearly constant at about 0.9 mg m⁻² s⁻¹ between 9 a.m. and 4 p.m. Tuber yield in the riverbed crop was about 30% higher than in the irrigated crop.     

棉花体细胞无性系变异的研究进展

体细胞无性系变异是一种重要的细胞工程育种技术,其应用于棉花育种的前提是建立高效的组织培养诱导再生植株体系.本文简要综述了棉花离体诱导植株再生研究的现状,重点讨论了棉花体细胞无性系变异的表现、利用方法及机理,提出了当前研究存在的问题并对今后的研究进行了展望.     

Sugar and dry matter changes in potatoes overwintered in soil in Greece

Summary Potatoes were left in the soil from December, when the vines died, until February (cvs Claustar and Sebago) or April (cv. Spunta) in a location of central Greece with light, well drained soils and a mild climate. Tubers were analysed every two months for dry matter and sugar content and usually the dry matter content did not change significantly from December to February or April. The reducing sugars increased from December to February in tubers of all cultivars and significantly decreased in cv. Spunta from February to April.     

Changes in daily rainfall characteristics in major rice producing provinces in Laos

In order to find the changes in rainfall characteristics and to examine the flood damage to lowland rice, a statistical analysis was carried out on the 40-year daily rainfall record at four rainfall stations (Thangon, Paksane, Seno, and Pakse) in Laos. The rainfall record was divided into two periods of 20 years each. The results of this analysis revealed the trends in changes regarding the frequency and the timing of the heavy daily rainfall events at the four stations. In Paksane in particular, heavy daily rainfall events tended to occur in the latter half of the rainy season.     

兜兰离体快繁技术研究进展

由于生境破坏和人工过度采挖及繁殖的障碍,兜兰已是世界上最濒危的植物物种之一,所有野生种均被列入《濒危野生动植物种国际贸易公约》附录I而被禁止交易。突破其种苗繁殖技术瓶颈有利于兜兰种质资源的保护和可持续利用。本文对兜兰属植物无菌播种、共生萌发和组织培养技术等离体快繁技术的进展进行综述,并提出了目前存在的问题和解决方法,以期为兜兰属植物离体繁殖技术的深入研究和优质种苗的规模化生产提供参考。     

中国马铃薯单倍体诱导进展

马铃薯产量、品质、加工等方面都较其他作物有更大的提升空间,但由于四倍体马铃薯存在遗传基础狭窄且复杂、难以创新等诸多问题阻碍了相关研究的深入开展。利用马铃薯单倍体或双单倍体植株有望解决上述诸多难题。马铃薯单倍体具有加速育种过程、提高选择效率等优点。马铃薯单倍体的获得包括花药培养、花粉培养、孤雌生殖、子房培养。其中,花药培养因更易取材,并且得到胚性细胞团、愈伤组织或胚状体的几率更大等优点而研究最为广泛。获得单倍体植株的成功率与试验材料的基因型、培养条件、培养基添加物等诸多因素相关。根据不同的诱导方法简要阐述了中国马铃薯单倍体研究的历史及进展。