鸡实验性成髓细胞性白血病的细胞化学及超微结构

用鸡成髓细胞性白血病病毒（ＡＭＶ）ＢＡＪ－Ａ株鸡传代血浆毒感染１日龄伊莎鸡雏２０只，在接毒后１９￣２５ｄ于濒死期扑杀、采样，进行细胞化学和电镜检查。结果表明，肝、肾、法氏囊、胸腺及血液的成髓细胞来源于骨髓；其成髓细胞胞浆、胞膜及细胞间隙存在带有囊膜的含核心的病毒粒子。     

鸡实验性淋巴细胞性白血病的病理学研究

给３５只１日龄伊莎褐蛋母鸡雏腹腔接种淋巴细胞性白血病病毒ＲＡＶ－１株，应用常规病理技术，对接毒后第１５天、１、２、３、４、５、６个月７个批次的实验鸡做了病理学研究。结果：接毒后１５ｄ和１个月，部分实验鸡发生了成髓细胞性白血病，主要表现为骨髓成髓细胞大量增生，或形成成髓细胞性肿瘤结节，肝、心、肾、法氏囊等内脏器官出现成髓细胞聚集；接毒后２～６个月，实验鸡发生了淋巴细胞性白血病，主要表现为法氏囊髓质淋巴细胞发生转化，成淋巴细胞克隆增殖形成成淋巴细胞克隆增殖灶，在肝、心、肾、脾、腺胃等器官中形成成淋巴细胞性肿瘤结节。据此，可对鸡淋巴细胞性白血病做出病理组织学诊断。     

Detection of avian polyomavirus infection by polymerase chain reaction using formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues

Avian polyomavirus infection in psittacines was diagnosed in tissues by the use of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test. The tissues used in the procedure were either formalin-fixed tissues embedded in paraffin blocks or fresh tissues (heart, liver, and spleen) collected from the psittacines during necropsy. DNA was extracted from these tissues and was tested with the published primers for avian polyomavirus VP1 gene in the PCR that yielded an amplicon of 550 base pair size, which was then visualized by electrophoresis. The amplicon size was consistent with avian polyomavirus. The PCR test was found to be an effective method for identifying avian polyomavirus infection in both formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded and fresh tissues from psittacine birds of different age groups.     

Lymphoid leukosis: detection of group specific viral antigen in chicken spleens by immunofluorescence and complement fixation.

Monospecific antiserum obtained from rabbits hyperimmunized against homogeneous p27 group specific protein purified from avian myeloblastosis virus was commercially procured and was then conjugated with fluorescein isothiocyanate. The conjugate was applied to spleens from naturally or experimentally infected chickens that had no evidence of lymphoid tumors. Fluorescence was usually localized in connective tissue of sheathed capillaries giving it a ring-like appearance. Sites of fluorescence corresponded to sites of greatest virus concentration as detected by electron microscopy, indicating that in such cases the group specific antigen may have been associated with virus particles. The group specific antigen could also be detected in the spleen by complement fixation and results of this test usually agreed with the immunofluorescent test and with the phenotypic mixing test which detects exogenous lymphoid leukosis virus.     

应用聚合酶链反应检测鸡传染性贫血病毒

根据鸡传染性贫血病毒（CAV）Cux－1株的基因序列,设计了一对引物,用这对引物对三株CAV的核酸模板进行PCR扩增,结果均能特异性地扩增出420bp的片段,但对其它5种禽病病原体核酸模板的扩增,结果均为阴性,该PCR能检出10fg鸡传染性贫血病毒DNA模板。     

一例血管瘤型禽白血病的诊断

采用病理组织学方法对某养殖户发病死亡鸡进行观察,在肝、肾观察到大量红细胞和组织细胞病变;提取发病鸡DNA样本,以单管巢式PCR方法检测外源性禽白血病病毒长末端重复序列（LTR）,扩增出一条预期长度带,证实该次疫病为外源性禽白血病病毒引发的血管瘤型禽白血病。     

探针检测鸭黄病毒的地高辛标记DNA的制备与应用

利用RT-PCR方法扩增鸭黄病毒的NS3基因406bp的特异性片段,回收并纯化PCR产物,用地高辛标记,制备核酸探针。特异性试验结果表明,该探针仅与鸭黄病毒的核酸特异性杂交,而与鸭瘟病毒、H9N2禽流感病毒、新城疫病毒、传染性法氏囊病病毒、减蛋综合征病毒的核酸杂交均为阴性。敏感性试验表明,该探针对鸭黄病毒的RNA最低检出限量为100μg/L。对疑似黄病毒感染鸭的肝脏、肺脏、脾脏、输卵管、卵泡膜和泄殖腔棉拭子进行检测,以卵泡膜的检出率最高。该研究为鸭黄病毒感染的诊断和流行病学调查提供了一种可靠的方法。     

Induction of telomerase activity in avian lymphoblastoid cell line transformed by Marek's disease virus, MDCC-MSB1

Telomerase has been studied extensively in human and murine tumors, but little is known about the role of telomerase in the tumor biology of other vertebrate species such as the chicken. We studied the telomerase activity of the lymphoblastoid cell line derived from lymphomas induced by Marek's disease virus (MDCC-MSB1) compared with another avian cell line (PA5) and peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) using the telomeric repeat amplification protocol (TRAP) Assay. Telomerase activity in MDCC-MSB1 was 4.5 times greater than in the PA5 cell line and normal avian lymphocytes. These results demonstrate for the first time that telomerase is more intense in one transformed cell line than in normal cells, suggesting a potential role for telomerase in carcinogenesis induced by an avian virus.     

用ALV-J gp85单克隆抗体证明蛋鸡存在J亚群禽白血病

采用免疫组化法，对病理学初步诊断为蛋用型鸡J亚群白血病的自然发病鸡的肿瘤、骨髓、肝脏、脾脏、肾脏、肺脏、心脏、胰脏、输卵管、卵巢、腺胃、骨骼肌、大脑、坐骨神经，用特异性抗J亚群禽白血病病毒(ALV—J)囊膜糖蛋白gp85的单克隆抗体进行检测，待检的组织切片中均检出阳性抗原，免疫组化的研究结果与病理学诊断结果相一致。在国内外首次发现并报道蛋用型鸡J亚群禽白血病的自然病例。     

鸡传染性贫血病病毒TaqMan实时荧光定量PCR检测方法的建立

根据鸡传染性贫血病病毒(chicken infectious anemia virus,CAV)基因组保守区域设计1对特异性引物和探针,通过优化反应条件,建立了一种快速检测CAV的TaqMan实时荧光定量PCR方法,同时验证其特异性、灵敏性和重复性.本试验建立的TaqMan实时荧光定量PCR方法灵敏度可达1.8×10¹拷贝/μL,远高于常规PCR方法;并与禽类其他病毒性疾病无交叉反应,具有高特异性.用分离的病毒人工感染1日龄SPF雏鸡,14日龄剖检,对感染鸡体内各器官的病毒分布及载量进行检测,结果表明,在脑、心脏、肝脏、脾脏、肺脏、肾脏、胸腺、法氏囊和血清中均可检测到病毒,肝脏、胸腺病毒载量明显高于其他组织.本研究建立的TaqMan实时荧光定量PCR方法特异性强、灵敏度高、重复性好,可同时检测大量临床样品,适用于CAV的诊断与流行病学分析.     

鸭圆环病毒套式PCR检测方法的建立

根据GenBank发布的鸭圆环病毒(duck circovirus,DuCV)序列(AY228555),运用Primer Premier 5.0设计2对引物,建立了适合DuCV快速检测的套式PCR方法,采用该方法对从安徽省望江县采集的发病鸭肝脏、胸腺、法氏囊、肾脏和脾脏等内脏病料进行DuCV检测。结果显示,套式PCR对所有内脏病料均能扩增出340 bp的条带,而正常鸭胚、健康鸭肝脏、鸭瘟病毒、禽流感病毒(H9亚型)、新城疫病毒、传染性法氏囊病病毒、网状内皮组织增生病毒、鸡传染性贫血病毒、鸭源大肠杆菌和鸭疫里氏杆菌的扩增结果均为阴性;该方法第1次扩增的敏感性是1 ng,第2次扩增的敏感性是1 fg,第2次比第1次扩增的敏感性高106倍;表明本试验所建立的套式PCR方法可用于鸭圆环病毒(DuCV)感染的临床诊断和流行病学调查。     

Detection of avian adenovirus by polymerase chain reaction

An avian adenovirus-specific polymerase chain reaction was developed. The origin of primers was from the DNA sequence data of the chicken embryo lethal orphan avian adenovirus virus genome. An avian adenovirus-specific 421-bp DNA product was amplified by these primers from group I of adenovirus containing 12 serotypes and serotypes of adenovirus from group II and group III. The adenovirus-specific DNA product was also amplified from the 19 field isolates of avian adenoviruses but not from the mammalian adenovirus and other avian pathogenic viruses and bacteria. As little as 1 fg of avian adenovirus DNA was detected by gel electrophoresis and Southern blot analysis.     

生物素—亲和素法检测鸡实验性成髓细胞性白血病的研究

用生物素-亲和素法检测实验鸡雏47只。结果,感染后鸡雏骨髓的成髓细胞是鸡成髓细胞性白血病病毒最先攻击的靶细胞。死亡病例,阳性成髓细胞分布于骨髓、肝、脾、肾、心、肺、胸腺、法氏囊、盲肠扁桃体、翅羽髓等器官。60天病例,骨髓、肝、心壁内形成阳性成髓细胞结节。尸体的骨髓、肝脏和翅羽髓任一器官,在其血管内外检出阳性成髓细胞聚集和增生,可诊断为鸡成髓细胞性白血病。     

Differentiation of avian adenovirus type-II strains by restriction endonuclease fingerprinting

Three serologically indistinguishable viruses from the avian adenovirus type-II splenomegaly virus of chickens, marble spleen disease virus of pheasants, and hemorrhagic enteritis virus of turkeys, were analyzed by restriction endonuclease fingerprinting. The DNA from these viruses were examined with 6 restriction endonucleases (Bgl II, EcoRI, HindIII, Hha I, Xho I, and BamHI). Markedly different DNA cleavage patterns were found in these virus isolates with all the 5 enzymes, except with BamHI, suggesting genetic differences between isolates of adenovirus type II. Restriction endonuclease analyses were found to provide a method for distinguishing genetically different, and yet serologically similar, strains of avian adenovirus type II.     

重组鸡痘病毒vFV282疫苗株在鸽体内的分布及毒性试验

采用翅内侧皮肤无血管处刺种途径给30日龄幼鸽接种重组鸡痘病毒vFV282疫苗株,利用PCR的方法检测其在鸽体内的分布及其动态并对其毒性进行了研究。结果显示,接种后6 h即在脾脏检测到病毒DNA;接种后1 d,脾、肺PCR检测阳性;3 d,在心、肝、脾、肺、肾、皮肤均检测到病毒DNA;7 d,心、肝、脾、肺、肾、脑PCR检测均呈阳性;10 d,除脑外所有内脏器官中均未检测到病毒DNA,15 d后所有内脏器官PCR检测结果均为阴性。而对照组在整个试验期间PCR检测结果均为阴性。毒性试验表明,重组鸡痘病毒vFV282疫苗株使用安全。     

Characterisation of avian adenoviruses associated with inclusion body hepatitis

Eleven avian adenoviruses were isolated in monolayer cultures of specific pathogen free chicken kidney cells which were inoculated with suspensions of liver, intestine or bursa obtained from 15 broiler flocks experiencing outbreaks of inclusion body hepatitis (10 isolates) and from five unaffected flocks (one isolate). Of the 11 isolates obtained, nine were identified by virus neutralisation tests as serotype 8, one as serotype 1 and one as serotype 12. Adeno-associated viruses were only observed in combination with adenoviral particles of the serotype 12 isolate which was derived from a relatively mild outbreak of inclusion body hepatitis. Only the serotype 1 isolate, obtained from the unaffected broiler flock, consistently caused the death of embryos with marked pathological changes. All of the isolates produced basophilic intranuclear inclusion bodies surrounded by clear halos in chicken kidney cell cultures. DNA preparations, obtained from six strains of serotype 8 avian adenovirus (two New Zealand isolates, three Australian isolates and the reference strain HVI) after digestion with the restriction enzymes EcoRI and BamHI, gave electrophoretic patterns showing the New Zealand isolates to be similar to one another and to strain HVI, but quite distinct from the Australian isolates.     

鸭瘟病毒强毒株在急性人工感染成年鸭病例体内分布规律

5 6只 3月龄四川麻鸭经皮下接种鸭瘟病毒 (DPV)强毒 SC1株 ,成功建立了 DPV感染的急性病理模型 ,并应用PCR方法检测了不同时间 DPV在感染鸭体各组织器官的分布情况。结果表明 ,接种 2 h后 ,即能够从脑、肝、脾、法氏囊、胸腺中检出 DPV DNA;12 h,可从心脏、肝脏、脾脏、肺脏、肾脏、十二指肠、直肠、法氏囊、胸腺、胰腺、脑、胸肌、食管、腺胃、血液、舌、口腔分泌物、皮肤、骨髓和粪便等检测到 DPV的 DNA。检出时间最早和检出率最高的组织器官为肝脏和脑组织。本试验为阐明 DPV的致病机理和应用 PCR方法检测感染鸭体组织中的 DPV提供了重要的实验数据。     

Development of a polymerase chain reaction to detect Vietnamese isolates of duck virus enteritis.

A polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method for the detection of duck virus enteritis (DVE) virus in tissues of infected and affected ducks, and in cell culture was developed. This required us to obtain specific nucleotide sequence information as we could not find any specific data about the genome of the virus. We found the assay to be highly effective in detecting the virus under experimental conditions and to be easily transferred to laboratories in Vietnam where it is being used in studies on the epidemiology of the disease. We have applied this simple and rapid diagnostic method to the detection of DVE isolates grown in cell culture and tissues from infected birds. The assay was also able to differentiate DVE from other avian herpesviruses, such as Marek's disease, infectious laryngotracheitis virus and goose herpesvirus.     

禽淋巴细胞性白血病的诊断与病毒亚群鉴定

采用病理组织学方法对某商品蛋鸡场送检的发病鸡进行实验室诊断,在肿胀的肝、脾、肾和法氏囊组织切片中观察到成淋巴细胞增生病变。使用禽白血病A、B亚群抗体检测试剂盒对血清样本进行间接ELISA试验,抗体阳性率达到44.4%(12/27)。采集12只病死鸡的肝脏材料提取DNA样本,11份样本中扩增出ALV-A亚群特异性的病原核酸(691bp),检出率达到91.6%(11/12)。将扩增的目的基因克隆与测序,截取gp85基因片段可变区序列与ALV-A、B、C、D和E亚群参考毒株的相应序列进行比较,同源性分别达到89.0-89.6%、67.1-67.7%、69.1-70.1%、69.1-69.5%和70.9-72.0%。结果证实本次疫病是由ALV-A亚群病毒引起的淋巴细胞性白血病。     

Identification of duck plague virus by polymerase chain reaction

A polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay was developed for detecting duck plague virus. A 765-bp EcoRI fragment cloned from the genome of the duck plague vaccine (DP-VAC) virus was sequenced for PCR primer development. The fragment sequence was found by GenBank alignment searches to be similar to the 3' ends of an undefined open reading frame and the gene for DNA polymerase protein in other herpesviruses. Three of four primers sets were found to be specific for the DP-VAC virus and 100% (7/7) of field isolates but did not amplify DNA from inclusion body disease of cranes virus. The specificity of one primer set was tested with genome templates from other avian herpesviruses, including those from a golden eagle, bald eagle, great horned owl, snowy owl, peregrine falcon, prairie falcon, pigeon, psittacine, and chicken (infectious laryngotracheitis), but amplicons were not produced. Hence, this PCR test is highly specific for duck plague virus DNA. Two primer sets were able to detect 1 fg of DNA from the duck plague vaccine strain, equivalent to five genome copies. In addition, the ratio of tissue culture infectious doses to genome copies of duck plague vaccine virus from infected duck embryo cells was determined to be 1:100, making the PCR assay 20 times more sensitive than tissue culture for detecting duck plague virus. The speed, sensitivity, and specificity of this PCR provide a greatly improved diagnostic and research tool for studying the epizootiology of duck plague.