金黄仓鼠超数排卵影响因素的研究

为了研究影响金黄仓鼠超数排卵的因素,提高金黄仓鼠超数排卵的数量与质量,试验采用在发情周期的不同时间,用不同剂量的孕马血清促性腺激素(PMSG)、人绒毛膜促性腺激素(HCG)以及不同温度条件下对金黄仓鼠进行超数排卵的方法。结果表明:在发情周期的第1天注射PMSG比第2天注射PMSG效果好,间隔72 h注射HCG比间隔48 h注射HCG排卵数多;PMSG、HCG注射剂量为25 IU/只时比20 IU/只、30 IU/只时排卵数多;温度为(20±2)℃时排卵数较(10±2)℃时显著增多,但温度为(30±2)℃时畸形卵数明显增加。说明温度为(20±2)℃时,在发情周期的第1天注射PMSG 25 IU/只,第4天注射HCG 25 IU/只可获得较好的超数排卵效果。     

舍饲绵羊同期发情效果观察

试验采用阴道埋置孕酮海绵栓+肌肉注射PMSG法和肌肉注射PG法对具有正常发情周期和未知发情周期的舍饲绵羊进行同期发情处理。结果表明,两种方法均可使母羊在1~2d内集中发情,但具有正常发情周期活动的母羊同期发情率好于未知发情周期的正常母羊,且PMSG注射剂量以200IU好于240IU;一次PG处理效果显著。     

舍饲绵羊同期发情效果观察

试验采用阴道埋置孕酮海绵栓 肌肉注射PMSG法和肌肉注射PG法对具有正常发情周期和未知发情周期的舍饲绵羊进行同期发情处理.结果表明,两种方法均可使母羊在1～2 d内集中发情,但具有正常发情周期活动的母羊同期发情率好于未知发情周期的正常母羊,且PMSG注射剂量以200 IU好于240 IU;一次PG处理效果显著.     

使用PMSG、HCG调节繁殖末期母蓝狐发情和产仔效果的试验研究

为了提高乏情母狐的利用率,第1年对50只没有发情表现的青年母蓝狐同时一次注射PMSG200IU/只,5d后再注射HCG100IU/只,有42只出现明显发情症状并接受公狐爬跨,发情率84%。对发情母狐实施子宫内输精,结果无一产仔;第2年对50只非典型发情的青年母蓝狐同时一次注射PMSG200IU/只,5d后再注射HCG100IU/只,全部出现明显的发情症状并接受交配。对其实施子宫内输精3次,结果有24只产仔,产仔率48%。试验结果表明,在母狐繁殖末期,联合使用PMSG和HCG对没有发情表现的青年母蓝狐有促使其发情的作用,但不能使其产仔;对有发情表现但不明显的青年母蓝狐有促进其发情并能使其部分怀孕和产仔的作用。     

用GnRH-A、ICI80996处理提高奶牛产后繁殖力的探讨

据国外1986年报道,母牛产后10—20天用GnRH处理,能促其首次发情时间提早,排卵率及1次配种妊娠率提高,空怀时间缩短;同期,据国外另一报道,正常奶牛在产后14—28天注射1次PGF_2α—tham,结果第一情期受胎率明显提高,分娩一受胎间隔缩短。对此,国内也曾有类似报道。表明GnRH与PGF_2α都能调节卵巢功能,促使产后母牛     

GnRH对人工孪生处理母牛下丘脑－垂体－性腺轴的调控

从农区黄牛群中选择２１头产后正常母牛，分比三组。组Ⅰ在产后发情周期第１７天注射孕马血清促性腺激素（ＰＭＳＧ），发情当天注射抗ＰＭＳＧ血清，配种时注射生理盐水。组Ⅱ和组Ⅲ的ＰＭＳＧ及其抗血清处理方法与组Ⅰ相同，但在配种时分别注射促性腺激素释放激素（ＧｎＲＨ）或其抗体。各组母牛在ＰＭＳＧ处理前安装颈静脉血管导管，每日间隔１５分钟收集血样，连续３小时。发情当天，间隔３０分钟收集血样，直至发情征兆消失。应用双重酶标免疫测定方法和酶联免疫吸咐测定方法，分别检测血清中ＧｎＲＨ、ＬＨ和Ｐ＿４（孕酮）水平。结果表明，（１）在结合应用ＰＭＳＧ及其抗体处理的母牛发情期间，外源ＧｎＲＨ可使外周血中ＧｎＲＨ和ＬＨ水平升高。用ＧｎＲＨ抗体中和内源ＧｎＲＨ，可使血中ＧｎＲＨ和ＬＨ的水平降低，并阻抑排卵。（２）在母牛排卵前，通过某种途径调控ＧｎＲＨ和ＬＨ的脉冲释放水平，可以提高母牛的超排效果，并有可能控制母牛的排卵数。（３）用ＰＭＳＧ及其抗体和ＧｎＲＨ超排处理的母牛，发情期间的ＧｎＲＨ在排卵前有多个脉冲释放峰，但ＬＨ只有一个脉冲释放峰，而且ＧｎＲＨ脉冲释放高峰出现的时间较ＬＨ峰早。（４）在配种后第８天检出的血清孕酮水平与排卵数呈强正相关?     

驯鹿同期发情的初步研究

利用CIDR和PMSG对 11只健康的成年驯鹿进行同期发情试验。结果表明 ,经CIDR处理 10d ,取出CIDR 2 4h后注射PMSG能够使驯鹿较为一致的进入正常的发情周期     

GnRH及其类似物在牛繁殖管理中的应用(上)

促性腺激素释放激素(Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone,GnRH)及其类似物,能引起促黄体素(Luteinizing Hormone,LH)和促卵泡素(Follicle Stimulating Hormone,FSH)的大量释放,而使这两种激素在外周血液中的浓度升高持续3～5小时。GnRH所引起的黄体(Corpus Luteum,CL)或卵泡功能的变化,是通过调节LH和FSH的释放而间接起作用的。间情期(Diestrus)内多次或间情期后期1次注射GnRH可引起血液孕酮水平急剧上升和黄体溶解推迟。在黄体发育早期注射或连续处理以GnRH能促进黄体分化,改变随后黄体的功能。这种作用的机理是GnRH能诱发LH水平升高。在性周期(Estrous Cycle)中注射GnRH能使卵泡发育、优势卵泡排卵或黄体化,进而随后7天内新优势卵泡的出现和选择都同期化。于性周期第6～7天注射GnRH,随后再注射PGF_2α可达到发情同期化目的。用这种方法处理后卵泡发育和黄体溶解都同期化,受精率也较高。试验在输精后黄体期(于情期第12～14天)内或胚移后注射GnRH,以改变黄体和/或卵泡功能,结果未能稳定提高妊娠率。迄今,产后第一次发情配种母牛和复发情母牛输精时注射GnRH的所有试验结果都不理想,而且差异很大。最近研究结果表明,接近发情开始时注射GnRH有利于提高妊娠率。对母牛产后早期实施GnRH与或不与PGF_2α联合处理,     

几种山区牧场母牛发情调控技术方案的筛选

试验在山区牧场选择149头母牛进行。分为6组：（1）甲孕酮（MAP）＋孕马血清促性腺激素（PMSG）；2复合孕酮＋米非司＋PMSG；（3）MAP＋PMSG＋复合孕酮；（4）复合孕酮＋黄体酮＋PMSG；（5）黄体酮＋氯前列烯醇；（6）单独氯前列烯醇。试验结果，本试验6组处理对山区母牛发情及受胎率均有明显的影响，以第2组的效果为最好（P〈0．05），而第6组单独注射氯前列烯醇0．4mg处理，母牛的受胎率为0％。不同剂量PMSG多次处理表现出不同的效果。第1组与第2组比较，以较高剂量PMSG处理的为好（P〈0．05），对乏情母牛进行诱导发情，亦以较高剂量（500IU）PMSG处理的为好。     

昆明鼠超数排卵影响因素研究

为探讨昆明鼠超数排卵的最佳条件,提高超排效果,比较促性腺激素使用剂量、孕马血清促性腺激素(PMSG)与人绒毛膜促性腺激素(hCG)注射间隔时间、超排小鼠所处发情周期阶段及小鼠周龄等因素对昆明鼠超数排卵结果的影响。PMSG 8IU+hCG 8IU、间隔46h～48h注射组超排效果最好;3周龄、8周龄～10周龄雌鼠较4周龄～7周龄雌鼠超排效果好,小鼠发情间期或发情前期开始超排的效果显著高于发情周期的其他时期。     

PMSG诱导的双胎母牛血清中P_4、LH、E_2的变化及与单、双胎的关系

于发情周期的第１０天,给１２头参试母牛肌注ＰＭＳＧ（孕马血清促性腺激素,总剂量为１３５０～２０００ＩＵ）。每头参试牛于肌注ＰＭＳＧ前的当天,肌注后２４ｈ、４８ｈ,肌注氯前列烯醇后２４ｈ、４８ｈ,发情后４８ｈ,排卵或妊娠５、１０、２０、６０ｄ,从颈静脉各采血１次,共采１０次,每次１０ｍｌ,离心后分离血清。用放免法测定上述各生理时期血清中Ｐ４（孕酮）、ＬＨ（促黄体素）、Ｅ２（雌二醇）水平。结果表明,适量的ＰＭＳＧ（１３５０～２０００ＩＵ）能诱导母牛产双胎,其双胎率为４２．９％（３／７）。测定早期妊娠母牛（５、１０、２０、６０ｄ）血清中Ｐ４水平,证明双胎牛均高于单胎牛。     

Synchronization of estrus in beef cattle with norgestomet and estradiol valerate

Fifty-six cows received a norgestomet implant and an injection of norgestomet and estradiol valerate; half (n = 28) received 500 IU equine chorionic gonadotrophin (eCG) at implant removal, 9 d later. A third group (n = 25) received 2 doses of cloprostenol (500 micrograms) 11 d apart. Estrous rate was higher (P < 0.05) for cows given norgestomet and estradiol plus 500 IU eCG (75.0%) than for those receiving cloprostenol (44.0%); for those receiving norgestomet and estradiol alone, it was intermediate (67.8%). Pregnancy rates to artificial insemination (after estrus or timed) were higher (P < 0.05) for cows given norgestomet and estradiol than for those given cloprostenol (23 of 28, 82.1% vs 13 of 25, 52.0%), and intermediate (67.8%) for those given norgestomet and estradiol plus eCG. In a second experiment, for heifers treated with norgestomet and estradiol plus eCG (n = 15) or with 2 doses of cloprostenol (n = 16), estrous rates were 66.7% vs 56.2% (P > 0.5), ovulation rates were 100.0% vs 81.2% (P = 0.08), intervals from implant removal or cloprostenol treatment to estrus were 48.0 +/- 4.4 hours vs 61.3 +/- 7.0 hours (P = 0.12) and to ovulation were 70.4 +/- 4.4 hours vs 93.2 +/- 7.5 hours (P < 0.01), respectively; pregnancy rates were 41.7 and 35.7%, respectively (P > 0.5). Norgestomet and estradiol were as good as (heifers) or superior to (cows) a 2-dose cloprostenol regimen. In cows given norgestomet and estradiol, injecting eCG at implant removal did not significantly improve estrous or pregnancy rates.     

Effects of prostaglandin F2 alpha and pregnant mares' serum gonadotropin (PMSG) on the reproductive performance of fluorogestone acetate PMSG-treated ewes

Two experiments were conducted to examine the effect of prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha) and pregnant mares' serum gonadotropin (PMSG) on the reproductive performance (fertility, prolificacy and fecundity) of ewes previously treated with fluorogestone acetate (FGA) and PMSG. In the first experiment, 29 ewes were synchronized for estrus with FGA and PMSG but not bred at the postsynchronization estrus. On day 10 of the first post-synchronization estrous cycle, they were injected IM with 15 mg PGF2 alpha and 500 IU PMSG and exposed to experienced, fertile, raddled rams. Twenty-four of the 29 ewes (83%) had viable fetuses 9 weeks after the PGF2 alpha-PMSG treatment. In the second experiment, 64 ewes were treated with FGA-PMSG, and 33 were exposed to fertile, raddled rams at the synchronized estrus. A second group of 31 ewes was not bred at the synchronized estrus, but on day 12 of the postsynchronized estrous cycle, they were injected IM with 15 mg PGF2 alpha and 500 IU PMSG and exposed to fertile, raddled rams. Sixty-six percent of the 33 ewes lambed in the FGA-PMSG-treated group and 60% of the 31 ewes lambed in the PGF2 alpha-PMSG-treated group. Differences in reproductive performance between these two treatment groups were not statistically significant. The results suggest that the PGF2 alpha-PMSG treatment combination does not adversely affect reproductive performance of ewes.     

Comparison of the effect of cronolone sponges and PMSG or cloprostenol on estrous induction in Turkish Saanen goats

The efficiency of cronolone sponges in combination with either pregnant mare serum gonadotrophin (PMSG) or cloprostenol (PGF2alpha) for inducing and synchronizing the estrous cycle in Turkish Saanen does was investigated during the transition from non-breeding to breeding season. All does (n = 80) were treated with 20 mg cronolone sponges for 11 days and divided into 4 equal groups. In addition, each doe received an intramuscular injection of either 1.5 ml sterile saline solution, 0.075 mg PGF2alpha, 500 IU PMSG or 500 IU PMSG and 0.075 mg PGF2alpha, 24 h before the sponge removal. Cervical artificial insemination (AI) with frozen-thawed semen was performed once 16 h after the detection of the first accepted mount. The total estrous response for the first 24 +/- 4 h, total estrous response within 96 h, time to onset of the induced estrus, duration of the induced estrus and pregnancy rate was found to be 75.0%, 97.5%, 31.4 +/- 1.2 h, 29.3 +/- 1.2 h, and 33.3%, respectively. There were significant differences between the first two groups and the last two groups in terms of the onset of induced estrus and estrous response at the first 24 +/- 4 h (P < 0.05). These results indicate that the use of cronolone/PMSG was more effective than cronolone/PGF2alpha in the attainment of early and compact induction of estrus in Turkish Saanen does.     

Reproductive performance in dairy cows following postpartum treatment with gonadotrophin releasing hormone and/or prostaglandin: a field trial.

Three hundred and five Holstein Friesian cows were given either 250 micrograms gonadotrophin releasing hormone (GnRH) or saline on day 15 postpartum followed by 500 micrograms cloprostenol or saline on day 24 postpartum. Four treatment groups were formed using random allocation: Group I -- placebo (Day 15)/placebo (Day 24), Group II -- GnRH (Day 15)/placebo (Day 24), Group III -- placebo (Day 15)/cloprostenol (Day 24), Group IV -- GnRH (Day 15)/cloprostenol (Day 24). Double blind techniques were used during the follow-up period. Rectal palpation, to assess uterine involution and ovarian activity was performed just prior to each treatment and again at 28 days postpartum. In addition blood samples were collected at 15, 24 and 28 days postpartum for measurement of plasma progesterone. There were no significant differences among treatment groups with respect to services per conception, number of heats detected before first service and culling for infertility. Cows treated only with GnRH had an increased calving to first estrus and calving to first breeding interval, and tended to have an increased calving to conception interval. Treatment with cloprostenol significantly decreased calving to conception and calving to first observed estrus intervals. Treatment with GnRH on day 15 postpartum resulted in a significant increase in the subsequent incidence of pyometra and prebreeding anestrus. On the other hand, cloprostenol treatment on day 24 postpartum resulted in a decreased incidence of pyometra, regardless of GnRH treatment and a decreased incidence of prebreeding anestrus in GnRH treated cows compared to cows receiving only GnRH at day 15 postpartum.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Influence of an agonist of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (buserelin) on estrus synchronization and fertility in beef cows.

The objective of this experiment was to determine the effect of sequential treatment with buserelin (a GnRH agonist) and cloprostenol (a prostaglandin F2 alpha analog) on estrous response and fertility in beef cattle with different ovarian conditions. On d 0 (1st d of treatment), the control group (n = 52, 10 heifers and 42 cows) and the GnRH group (n = 48, 10 heifers and 38 cows) received 2 mL of saline or 2 mL of Receptal (8 micrograms of buserelin), respectively. On d 6, all cows that had not exhibited spontaneous estrus were given i.m. 500 micrograms of cloprostenol (PGF). Ultrasonography on d 0 and assays of progesterone in blood on d -11, 0, and 6 were used to identify follicular and luteal status of animals. Cattle were observed for estrus from d 0 to 10. Cows showing estrus were bred artificially 12 h after onset of estrus. Over the 10-d period, the number of cows detected in estrus and pregnancy and conception rates were identical for the two groups. However, between d 0 and 6, the proportion of cows exhibiting estrus was lower (P less than .01) in the GnRH group than in the control group. Between d 6 and 10, the synchronization rate and precision of estrus were greater (P less than .01) in the buserelin-treated group than in the control group. Conception rate and interval from PGF injection to onset of estrus were not different between the two treatment groups. Presence of a large (greater than 10 mm) follicle on d 0 enhanced synchronization rate and precision of estrus.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Response of the bovine corpus luteum to increased secretion of luteinizing hormone induced by exogenous gonadotropin releasing hormone

Two experiments were conducted to investigate the response of the bovine corpus luteum to surges of luteinizing hormone (LH) induced by natural gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) administered twice during the same estrous cycle. In experiment 1, eight mature beef cows, each cow serving as her own control, were injected intravenously (iv) with saline on days 2 and 8 of the cycle (day of estrus = day 0 of the cycle), then with 100 micrograms GnRH on days 2 and 8 of the subsequent cycle. Jugular blood samples were taken immediately prior to an injection and at 15, 30, 45, 60, 120 and 240 min postinjection, to quantitate changes in serum luteinizing hormone. Blood was also collected on alternate days after an injection until day 16 of the cycle, to characterize changes in serum progesterone concentrations. Although exogenous GnRH caused release of LH on days 2 and 8 of the cycle, the quantity of LH released was greater on day 8 (P less than .025). Serum levels of progesterone after treatment with GnRH on day 8 of the cycle did not differ significantly from those observed during the control cycles of the heifers. Because exposure of the bovine corpus luteum to excess LH, induced by GnRH early during the estrous cycle, causes attenuated progesterone secretion during the same cycle, these data suggest that a second surge of endogenous LH may ameliorate the suppressive effect of the initial release of LH on luteal function. Duration of the estrous cycle was not altered by treatment (control, 20.4 +/- .5 vs. treated, 20.4 +/- .4 days).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Plasma hormone concentrations after administration of dexamethasone during the middle of the luteal phase in cows

The effect of glucocorticoids on gonadal steroid and gonadotropic hormone concentrations and subsequent follicular activity in cows undergoing normal estrous cycles was evaluated by administration of dexamethasone (DXM) during the middle of the luteal phase. Seven cows were given physiologic saline solution twice daily from day 13 to day 17 of the estrous cycle (control experiment). During the next estrous cycle, cows were administered DXM (2 mg, IM) twice daily on days 13 through 17. Plasma specimens obtained twice daily throughout the control and DXM-treatment cycles were assayed for progesterone and estradiol concentrations. The appearance of estrus after DXM treatment was delayed until days 23 to 25 in 3 cows and was not seen by day 35 in the other 4 cows, compared with mean (+/- SD) cycle length of 22.4 +/- 3.2 in cows during the control experiment. Progesterone concentration remained significantly (P less than 0.01) high on days 19 to 23, whereas estradiol values failed to increase (P less than 0.05) on days 19 and 20 after treatment with DXM. Blood samples were obtained at 15-minute intervals for 12 hours to compare (by analysis of covariance) the effect of DXM treatment on plasma hormone concentrations on day 15 of each cycle with those of day 10. Compared with values during the control experiment, a significant (P less than 0.05) decrease was observed in the size of the pulses of luteinizing hormone (LH) and estradiol, although the number of pulses of each hormone per 12 hours was not affected when cows were given DXM. Baseline concentrations of LH and estradiol were not altered by type of treatment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)