北京鸭输卵管壁内血管分布的研究

采用大体和显微解剖学方法,观察了20羽北京鸭输卵管壁内血管分布。结果表明,出入北京鸭输卵管的血管均是从系膜缘进入输卵管壁内、外肌层间,形成肌间血管层;黏膜固有层深层动脉形成弓形吻合动脉,吻合动脉分出分支分布于黏膜层;黏膜上皮下微血管层的厚度和密度在各段存在差异,蛋白分泌部最厚而密集,其次是峡部、子宫部,漏斗部和阴道部仅形成单层毛细血管层。     

双峰驼髂内动脉的形态学观察

采用血管内灌注有色油画颜料的方法,解剖观察了双峰驼髂内动脉的分支及分布情况.髂内动脉是骨盆部动脉的主干,其分支有脐动脉、臀前动脉、闭孔动脉、臀后动脉和阴部内动脉.阴部内动脉的分支有阴道动脉、直肠中动脉、会阴腹侧动脉和阴蒂动脉.在双峰驼未见有会阴背侧动脉.还就双峰驼和其它家畜髂内动脉的解剖学特点进行了比较讨论.     

双峰驼的髂总静脉和髂外静脉

采用血管内灌注颜料的方法解剖观察了双峰驼的髂总静脉、髂外静脉及其属支。髂总静脉由髂内静脉和髂外静脉汇合而成,注入髂总静脉的侧支有旋髂深静脉。荐中静脉注入右髂总静脉。髂外静脉是后肢的静脉主干,其属支有旋股内侧静脉和阴部腹壁静脉。     

触诊母牛子宫中动脉技术在奶牛生产中的应用

<正>牛子宫中动脉是和脐动脉共同起于髂内动脉起点处。寻找子宫中动脉的方法是手心向上,手掌贴着骨盆顶部向前滑动。超过岬部以后,可以清楚地摸到二髂内动脉的分岔。髂内动脉很粗大。在髂内动脉起点的前缘,即可摸到子宫中动脉。因为,子宫中动脉从髂内动脉分出以后即进入子宫阔韧带内,所以追随它时会感觉它是游离的。     

母鸡输卵管子宫部副交感节后神经元支配的逆行追踪研究

将CB－HRP溶液注入鸡输卵管子宫部浆膜下，取泄殖腔神经节和双侧阻部内神经以及肠神经直肠段，制成50μm厚度的边疆冰冻切片，TMB反应，明视野观察。结果发现：鸡输卵管子宫部受泄殖腔神经节和双侧阻部内神经节的副交感节后神经元支配；双侧阴部内神经节的标记细胞无显著差异；说明尽管母鸡输卵管子宫部是单侧发育器官，但其受双侧阴部内神经的融交感节后神经元的支配。鸡输卵管子宫部还受肠神经的节后神经元的支配。另外本实验对汇殖腔神经节、阴部内神经及肠神经直肠段进行了大体解剖观察。     

初生东北虎胃和肠的动脉分布

利用动脉灌注法观察了1例初生东北虎胃和肠的血管分布情况。结果表明，胃、肠的动脉分别来源于腹腔动脉、肠系膜前动脉、肠系膜后动脉和阴部内动脉的分支；胃十二指肠动脉分胰十二指肠前动脉和胃网膜右动脉两支；回结肠动脉的结肠支分布于升结肠。     

藏羊心脏左冠状动脉的观察

采用ＡＢＳ乙酸乙酯液血管铸型法观察了２０例藏羊心脏的左冠状动脉，结果如下：左冠状动脉起自主动脉球的左后窦，至冠状沟分为圆锥旁室间支和旋支。圆锥旁室间支分出左心室前支、右心室前支、室间隔动脉和细小的室间隔前动脉。其中左心室前支和右心室前支分布于左右心室前部；室间隔动脉分布于室间隔；室间隔前动脉分布于室间隔前部；旋支分出左室前支、左缘支、后缘支、左室后支，右降支和左房前、中、后支，分布于左心室、窦下室间沟和左心房。右降支分出２一８条细小的室间隔后动脉分布于室间隔后部。     

山羊子宫内肽能神经分布及妊娠时的变化

采用免疫组化方法，研究了山羊子宫内含P物质（SP）和含血管活性肠肽（VIP）神经的分布。结果，妊娠及未妊娠山羊子宫颈内有粗细不等的神经束行经于外膜和肌层中，神经分支形成丛状分布于血管壁，子宫颈部未见SP神经元胞体及VIP神经元胞体；未妊娠山羊子宫角内SP神经和VIP神经均呈丛状围绕血管并分布于血管壁；妊娠中期的孕角和非孕角均有胎盘形成，除胎盘内无神经分布外，SP神经及VIP神经同样分支形成丛状分布于血管壁。结果提示，山羊子宫内SP神经和VIP神经主要支配子宫内血管，妊娠时除胎盘内无神经分布外，SP神经及VIP神经的分布无明显变化。     

双峰驼髂外动脉解剖

采用血管内灌注颜料的方法解剖观察了双峰驼髂外动脉的分支及分布情况，并就双峰驼和其它畜之间的一差异进行了讨论。结果发现：①旋髂深动脉的前支和后支是两条独立的自髂外动脉分出的分支。②在腹壁后动脉和腹壁前动脉之间及乳房后 动脉和阴唇背侧支之间没有吻合支连结。③双峰驼没有腹后动脉。     

成年皖西白鹅生殖系统ghrelin的免疫组化定位

为了研究皖西白鹅生殖系统内是否有产生Ghrelin细胞分布，应用免疫组化SABC法并结合DAB显色技术，结果：①在卵巢的生长卵泡中，均有ghrelin免疫阳性细胞，尤其在生长卵泡细胞的颗粒层更为明显；闭锁卵泡的卵泡外腺细胞也呈现ghrelin免疫阳性反应；②在输卵管五段的粘膜层中均观察到ghrelin免疫阳性细胞，其中，漏斗部细胞着色最深，数量最多，膨大部细胞反应最微弱，峡部、子宫部和阴道部ghrelin免疫反应介于二者之间，肌层和外膜均未见ghrelin表达。结论：产生Ghrelin的细胞在成年皖西白鹅卵巢和输卵管中均有广泛的分布，揭示Ghrelin可能调节生殖功能。     

Reproductive tract vasculature of the female emu (dromaius novaehollandiae)

The arterial supply of the ovary and oviduct is provided by the ovarian artery, cranial oviductal artery, accessory cranial oviductal artery, middle oviductal artery, caudal oviductal artery and the medial and lateral vaginal arteries. These arteries supply various regions of the oviduct and are branches of either the left cranial renal artery, left external iliac artery, left middle renal artery, left lateral caudal artery or the left pudendal artery. The veins that drain the reproductive tract are satellite vessels to each artery that supplied the tract.     

The Arterial Supply of the Male Reproductive System in the Hamster

The major arteries, the testicular, deferential, prostatic, internal pudendal and external pudendal arteries, supply the male genital organs of the hamster. The same arterial patterns are found in three strains, except that the external pudendal artery arises from the external iliac artery or internal iliac artery in the APG strain, but only from the external iliac artery in the CBN and ACN strains. The deferential and prostatic arteries form the arterial loop on the dorsal surface of the ventrolateral lobe of the prostate. This loop may play some importance parts in the functional interaction between the epididymis and the prostate. The caudal epididymal artery arises more frequently from the spermatic cordai portion of the testicular artery than from the cranial epididymal artery, and it never arises directly from the abdominal part of the testicular artery as reported in the rat, mouse and rabbit. The deferential artery may join with the cranial vesicular artery to form the common trunk (umbilical artery), but sometimes these arteries arise directly from the internal iliac artery.     

Macroscopic features of the arterial supply to the reproductive system of the male ostrich (Struthio camelus)

The macroscopic features of the arterial supply to the reproductive system of the male ostrich was studied in 16 pre-pubertal and eight sexually mature and active birds. The left and right cranial renal arteries arise from the aorta, between the cranial divisions of the kidneys. These vessels supply the cranial divisions of the kidneys, the testes, the epididymides and the cranial segments of the ducti deferentia. Accessory testicular arteries which arise directly from the aorta are present in 45.8% of the specimens. They supply the testes and cranial parts of the ducti deferentia. They are variable in number and origin, and four variants are identified. A cranial ureterodeferential branch originates from the cranial renal artery, supplies the cranial portion of the ductus deferens and ureter, and runs caudally to anastomose with the middle renal artery. The sciatic artery arises laterally from the aorta, just caudal to the acetabulum, and gives rise, ventrally, to a common trunk, the common renal artery, which divides into the middle and caudal renal arteries. The middle renal artery gives rise to the middle ureterodeferential branch which supplies the middle part of the ductus deferens and ureter. A few centimetres caudal to the kidney, the aorta terminates in three branches, namely, the left and right internal iliac arteries and the median caudal artery. The internal iliac artery divides into the lateral caudal artery and the pudendal artery; the latter gives off caudal ureterodeferential branches that supply the caudal segments of the ductus deferens and ureter. In addition, the pudendal artery gives off vessels that supply the cloaca, some of which continue to the base of the phallus, where they form an arterial network. In conclusion, the pattern of the blood supply to the reproductive organs of the male ostrich is, in general, similar to that of the domestic fowl and pigeon, although there are a few highlighted distinctive features.     

The Hindlimb Arterial Vessels in Lowland paca (Cuniculus paca,Linnaeus 1766)

This study aims to describe the origin and distribution of the hindlimb arterial vessels. Five adult lowland pacas (Cuniculus paca) were used. Stained and diluted latex was injected, caudally to the aorta. After fixation in 10% paraformaldehyde for 72 h, we dissected to visualize and identify the vessels. It was found out that the vascularization of the hindlimb in lowland paca derives from the terminal branch of the abdominal aorta. The common iliac artery divides into external iliac and internal iliac. The external iliac artery emits the deep iliac circumflex artery, the pudendal epigastric trunk, the deep femoral artery; the femoral artery originates the saphenous artery, it bifurcates into cranial and caudal saphenous arteries. Immediately after the knee joint, the femoral artery is called popliteal artery, which divides into tibial cranial and tibial caudal arteries at the level of the crural inter‐osseous space. The origin and distribution of arteries in the hindlimb of lowland paca resembles that in other wild rodents, as well as in the domestic mammals.     

Arterial distribution to the pelvic cavity and pelvic limb in the pampas deer (Ozotoceros bezoarticus,Linnaeus 1758)

This research is a study about the arterial vascularization of pelvic cavity and pelvic limb in pampas deer. For this study, 25 dead animals were used. The vascularization of the organs was investigated using a latex injection technique. Two animals were injected in the common carotid artery with contrast to cardiac angiography, and then, radiographs were taken. The aorta showed the two external iliac arteries, and after a short course, the aorta ended in two internal iliac arteries. The median sacral artery was originated from the dorsal surface cranially to the emergence of the internal iliac arteries. The last one gave off parietal (iliolumbar, cranial and caudal gluteal arteries) and visceral (umbilical and internal pudendal arteries) branches. The external iliac artery gave as first branch the deep circumflex iliac artery which was divided into a cranial and a caudal branch. After a short distance from the external iliac artery, the femoral and deep femoral arteries were originated. The deep femoral artery gave origin to the pudendoepigastric trunk and to the medial femoral circumflex artery. Based on the arterial distribution of the pelvic cavity and pelvic limb in the pampas deer, it is concluded that the internal iliac artery has a pattern of intermediate development. In reference to the distribution of the external iliac artery and its branches, the pattern of development is the cranial tibial type.     

Morphological Observation of a Horseshoe (fused) Kidney and its Vascular Pattern in a Horse

The present study describes the anatomical and microscopic features of a horseshoe kidney that was found in a 7-year-old male horse. The specimen consisted of two kidneys joined at their caudal poles by an isthmus composed of renal parenchyma and situated caudal to the caudal mesenteric artery. Six main renal arteries arose from the aorta and the external iliac arteries and ramified into 21 branches before entering the kidney. A hypoplastic and ectopic left testis, located in the inguinal canal, was observed as an associated anomaly.     

Subgross investigation of vessels originating from arcus aortae in guinea-pig (Cavia porcellus)

The vessels that originate from the aortic arch were studied in 16 adult guinea-pigs. Two major vessels, the left subclavian artery and the brachiocephalic trunk, were easily identified as they were branching off from the aortic arch. The brachiocephalic trunk, at first branched off to the left common carotid artery and continued as a common trunk, which was then divided into the right subclavian artery and the right common carotid artery. The left subclavian artery branched off to the following vessels: the costacervical trunk, the internal thoracic artery, a common trunk from which the dorsal scapular artery and the vertebral artery originated, and the superficial cervical artery. The right subclavian artery branched off to the bronchoesophageal artery (in five cadavers), the caudal thyroid artery (in three cadavers) and the tracheal artery (in three cadavers) in addition to the above vessels. There were two vertebral arteries branching off to the right subclavian artery in all dissected cadavers. However, only 10 cadavers had two vertebral arteries originating from the left subclavian artery. The first vertebral artery originated from the common trunk, whereas the second vertebral artery arose from the dorsal scapular artery. The second vertebral artery entered the foramen transversarium of the seventh cervical vertebrae and anastomosed with the first vertebral artery just before entering the foramen transversarium of the sixth cervical vertebrae.     

双峰驼脑硬膜外异网

本文用动脉内注射红色油画颜料,红色乳胶溶液的大体解剖学方法,解剖了15例双峰驼,研究了双峰驼的脑硬膜外异网,并追踪了进入和传出硬膜外异网的血管。结果发现双峰驼有发达的硬膜外异网,部分位于颅内硬膜下海绵窦内,部分位于眶圆孔和翼腭窝后部。构成异网的血管来自颈内动脉和颌内动脉的分支吻合动脉,这些动脉进入海绵窦后立即分支互相吻合形成异网;在异网的背内侧部这些吻合支又聚集形成颈内动脉颅内段和后交通动脉自海绵窦传出并互相连接形成大脑动脉环。在异网中找不到颈内动脉贯穿异网的迹象,这一点与牛的硬膜外异网不同。