小公鸡群阉割后暴发鸡毒支原体感染的诊断和控制

围绕小公鸡群阉割后暴发鸡毒支原体感染的诊断和控制这一课题,从暴发鸡毒支原体感染情况、对感染支原体的病鸡的解剖检查、在实验室所进行的检查、支原体感染的诊断、小公鸡群阉割后暴发鸡毒支原体感染的防控措施进行综述,旨在提高对鸡毒支原体感染的有效防范。     

鸡毒支原体病及其防治技术

由鸡毒支原体感染引起鸡或火鸡呼吸道症状的疾病称为鸡毒支原体病。该病一年四季均可发生,尤其寒冷季节患病率最高。鸡毒支原体主要通过垂直传播的方式感染下一代,且病禽终生带毒。该病的发生通常伴随细菌病或病毒病的交叉感染,临床上常出现漏诊或误诊的情况,从而错过最佳的治疗时机,导致禽类的死亡率显著增高,严重影响养禽业的生产与发展。阐述了鸡毒支原体的病原学特点、致病机制、流行特点、临床诊断、综合防控等一系列研究进展,对鸡毒支原体的综合防控具有一定参考意义。     

探析鸡毒支原体病预防与药物治疗

鸡支原体病,是由于感染败血支原体而发生的一种慢性呼吸道传染病,病程持续时间较长,进展缓慢,能够长时间在鸡群中蔓延,易复发,很难彻底根治,该病虽具较低的致死率,但继发或者并发感染其他细菌性、病毒性传染病会促使病情加重,大量死亡,严重损害养鸡户的经济效益。对鸡毒支原体病预防与药物治疗进行介绍。     

鸡毒支原体感染的综合防制

鸡毒支原体(Mycoplasma Galliscepticum,MG)是一种严重危害养禽业的病原体,主要引起鸡和火鸡的慢性呼吸道疾病。本文介绍鸡毒支原体感染的临床症状、剖检变化,提出综合性防制措施。     

鸡呼吸道疾病的鉴别和防治

<正>鸡的呼吸道病在养鸡生产中是比较复杂的,疾病的种类也很多,有的是由病毒引起的,有的是由细菌和支原体引起的。为帮助大家现场做出初步诊断,现将各种呼吸道疾病以及具有呼吸道疾病症状的多发常见病介绍如下:1鸡慢性呼吸道疾病该病是由鸡毒支原体引起的一种呼吸道疾病。支原体广泛地存在鸡体内,可以说在各品种的商品蛋鸡群中,均有一定比例的鸡体内带有这种病原     

浅谈鸡支原体病

鸡支原体病是由鸡败血性支原体引起的鸡接触性传染性慢性呼吸道病,发病率与养殖场的饲养密度有直接的关系,通常情况养殖场饲养密度值越大,鸡群发病率就越高,介绍鸡支原体病的病原体、发病原因,探讨有效预防控制鸡支原体病的方法。     

鸡慢性呼吸道疾病的防治

<正>鸡慢性呼吸道病(CRD)是由鸡败血支原体(鸡毒支原体、鸡败血霉形体,MG)引起的一种鸡接触性慢性呼吸道传染病。鸡慢性呼吸道病发生以后,可以导致免疫抑制,容易与大肠杆菌合并感染,产生严重的呼吸道症状,给养鸡生产造成很大的损失,是目前养鸡生产面临的严峻的疾病之一。此外,虽然有多种高效药物对本病有较好的疗效,但很难根治,容易复发,往往整个饲养期病情都处于时隐时现、时轻时重的状态,给养鸡生产造成重大损失。     

鸡慢性呼吸道疾病的研究进展

鸡的慢性呼吸道疾病（chronic respiralory disease,CRD）是由鸡毒支原体（mycoplasma gallisepticum，MG）引起的一种接触性传染性呼吸道病。本文从该病的病原、流行病学、临床症状和病理变化、实验室诊断技术、预防和治疗几个方面就该病的研究进展作一综述。     

鸡慢性呼吸道疾病的研究进展

鸡的慢性呼吸道疾病(chronic respiratory disease,CRD)是由鸡毒支原体(mycoplasma gallisepticum,MG)引起的一种接触性传染性呼吸道病。本文从该病的病原、流行病学、临床症状和病理变化、实验室诊断技术、预防和治疗几个方面就该病的研究进展作一综述。     

鸡支原体病的诊断与治疗

作为一种容易复发病的鸡支原体病,鸡支原体病是对鸡和火鸡的一种呼吸道的传染病,影响鸡的生长发育,但不会达到死亡,虽然可以用药物治疗,但难以根除其病的根源,还会引发其他症状,容易反复。     

猪肺炎支原体致病机理研究进展

猪肺炎支原体是引起猪支气管肺炎的主要病原,严重危害着养猪业的发展。文章从猪肺炎支原体的结构、主要抗原蛋白研究及其在基因水平的研究等方面,对猪肺炎支原体的致病机理作一综述,为该疾病的防治提供理论依据。     

Identification and elimination of mycoplasmas in fish cell line cultures

Mycoplasma contamination was identified in 11 cell lines derived from both coldwater and warmwater fish using DNA staining, microbiological culture and ELISA test detection methods. Acholeplasma laidlawii and Mycoplasma arginini were present as single or combined infections. Treatment of cells over three to six serial subcultivations with the addition of 0.5 μg m^?1 mycoplasma removal agent (MRA) or 10 μg m^?1 ciprofloxacin to culture growth medium effectively eliminated all contaminants except for one instance of M. arginini infection.     

Diagnosis and treatment of Mycoplasma bovis mastitis (MbM) in dairy cows

The diagnosis of Mycoplasma bovis mastitis (MbM) usually comes too late. Consequently the capital early symptoms are described for a probable diagnosis in order to enable prophylactic measures and to prevent ineffective expensive treatments and loss of time. Following a definite diagnosis of MbM by culture, a repeated application of the CMT milk test combined with bacteriological culture detects infected cows and they should be culled. All cows of exceptional breeding value can be treated by repeated intramammary infusions of specific antimycoplasma antibiotics with a fair chance of healing, by preference during the dryudder period.     

检测猪肺炎支原体抗体间接ELISA方法与单抗阻断ELISA方法的对比试验

猪肺炎支原体(Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae,Mhp)是猪地方性肺炎(Swine Enzootic Pneumonia,SEP)(亦称猪气喘病)的病原体。此病分布广,发病率高,自身致死率不高。由于Mhp能够破坏呼吸道黏膜-纤毛屏障,从而继发其他致病菌的感染,提高致死率。由于早期检测的困难和缺乏有效的药物,在疾病控制方面至今未能达到满意的效果。本实验以Mhp168株为材料,研制出其特异性单克隆抗体,并利用Mhp的全菌蛋白作为包被抗原建立了间接ELISA方法,且证明有一定的实用性。     

Mycoplasma contamination in fish cell lines: an evaluation of detection by differential incorporation of 3H-uridine and 14C-uracil

Abstract. Differential incorporation of uridine and uracil was used to assay for mycoplasma contamination in five fish cell lines: bluegill fry (BF-2), chinook salmon embryo (CHSE-214), epithelioma papillosum cyprini (EPC), fathead minnow (FHM) and rainbow trout gonad (RTG-2). The method was not suitable for monitoring BF-2, CHSE-214, FHM, and RTG-2 cell lines because they incorporated uracil. Differential incorporation of uridine and uracil may be applicable for screening EPC cells because only this cell line could distinguish cultures experimentally infected with Mycoplasma orale from cultures known to be free from microbial contaminants.     

Gill organ culture of rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri Richardson: an experimental model for the study of pathogenicity of Mycoplasma mobile 163 K

Abstract. A method has been developed to maintain gills from rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri Richardson, in vitro. The gill organ cultures were used to examine the cytotoxic capacities of Mycoplasma mobile 163 K, isolated from the gills of a tench, Tinea tinea L. Histological investigations using light and electron microscopy showed that M. mobile causes heavy damage to the gill epithelium characterized by cytoplasmic vacuolization, peripheral orientation of the condensed nuclear chromatin, separation of the epithelial cells from each other and from the basal membrane, desquamation of the epithelial layer, shrinkage of the cytoplasmic net structure, and a swollen and bleb–like appearance of the apical area of the secondary lamella. The gill organ culture appears to be a suitable model to investigate the cell injuring capacity of M. mobile and may also be applicable to the study of the pathogenic properties of other microorganisms or viruses of fish.     

一种简便、快速检测鸡毒支原体的PCR方法

鸡毒支原体(MG)是造成鸡慢性呼吸道疾病的主要病原菌。通常采用血清学方法诊断该病,由于存在非特异性交叉反应,这给临床诊断带来困难。为解决MG快速诊断问题,该研究根据已发表的鸡毒支原体种特异性序列FMG-2合成一对引物(MG1,MG2),用PCR方法检测MG。结果表明,该PCR方法对MG能特异性扩增732bp目的片断,而对照菌(大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌等)却不能扩增出目的片段。PCR产物经测序,其序列与Genbank序列同源性为98.86%。用PCR方法检测60份感染样本,其阳性检出率为80%,而用传统的分离培养方法检出率仅为50%。     

Gyrase inhibitors, a new class of therapeutic drugs

Fluorinated inhibitors of gyrase open a new field in chemotherapy. For veterinary purposes one drug, enrofloxacin (Baytril), has been registered hitherto in Germany. Well known disadvantages of the old gyrase blockers (e.g. nalidixic acid and others) have been their limited clinical application (compounds were useful only for therapy of infections of kidney cavities) and their deficits in antimicrobial efficacy regarding Gram-positive bacteria, pseudomonas and mycoplasmas. Fluorinated 4-quinolones, however, exhibit broad antibiotic effects in addition to their useful pharmacokinetic properties. The compounds are indicated in therapy of infections by E. coli, Salmonella, Pasteurella, Mycoplasma and Haemophilus species as well as against CRD (chronic respiratory disease). Development of resistance is markedly slowed down compared with nalidixic acid due to a multi-step resistance. Resistance is unstable and may revert in bacteria. Nevertheless, resistant bacteria in the veterinary field are exceptions. Cross-resistance includes only compounds belonging to 4-quinolones. Adult animals show few side effects to gyrase blockers. In young animals a deficit in biotransformation and renal clearance has been observed. Most prominent are dose dependent irreparable deformations of joint cartilages which have forced to contraindicate the use of Baytril in growing dogs.     

Transmission of a common intestinal neoplasm in zebrafish by cohabitation

Intestinal neoplasms are common in zebrafish (Danio rerio) research facilities. These tumours are most often seen in older fish and are classified as small cell carcinomas or adenocarcinomas. Affected fish populations always contain subpopulations with preneoplastic lesions, characterized by epithelial hyperplasia or inflammation. Previous observations indicated that these tumours are unlikely caused by diet, water quality or genetic background, suggesting an infectious aetiology. We performed five transmission experiments by exposure of naïve fish to affected donor fish by cohabitation or exposure to tank effluent water. Intestinal lesions were observed in recipient fish in all exposure groups, including transmissions from previous recipient fish, and moribund fish exhibited a higher prevalence of neoplasms. We found a single 16S rRNA sequence, most similar to Mycoplasma penetrans, to be highly enriched in the donors and exposed recipients compared to unexposed control fish. We further tracked the presence of the Mycoplasma sp. using a targeted PCR test on individual dissected intestines or faeces or tank faeces. Original donor and exposed fish populations were positive for Mycoplasma, while corresponding unexposed control fish were negative. This study indicates an infectious aetiology for these transmissible tumours of zebrafish and suggests a possible candidate agent of a Mycoplasma species.     

两种潜在益生芽孢杆菌对大口黑鲈生长、消化、免疫及肠道菌群的影响

选取热带芽孢杆菌(Bacillus tropicus)和传染病研究所副芽孢杆菌(Metabacillus idriensis)为潜在益生菌,探讨它们对大口黑鲈(Micropterus salmoides)生长、消化、免疫及肠道菌群的影响。将初始体重为(92.95±2.36) g的大口黑鲈随机分为5组,每组设3个重复,分别饲喂基础饲料(对照组)和4种试验饲料[于基础饲料中分别添加10⁴和10⁶CFU/g的B.tropicus(标记为BT4、BT6)或M.idriensis(MI4、MI6)],饲喂期为60d。生长试验结果表明,各菌处理组大口黑鲈的终末体重、增重率及特定生长率均高于对照组,但差异不显著(P>0.05),而饲料系数均显著低于对照组且随菌株添加浓度增加呈显著降低变化(P<0.05)。消化方面结果显示,各菌处理组的肠道淀粉酶和蛋白酶活性均高于对照组,其中BT6和MI6对肠道消化性能具有显著提高效果(P<0.05)。免疫实验结果表明,各菌处理组的血清酸性磷酸酶、碱性磷酸酶及溶菌酶以及肠道溶菌酶、超氧化物歧化酶活性均得到显...