水稻稻瘟病抗性基因研究进展

概述了稻瘟病抗性基因的经典遗传鉴定、分子标记定位、克隆以及稻瘟病抗性基因与无毒基因的互作等方面的研究进展。     

水稻稻瘟病抗性基因研究进展

介绍了稻瘟病抗性基因的结构,综述了其定位和克隆的最新研究进展,阐述了在其研究过程中分子标记技术的利用,并提出今后的研究方向。     

籼型水稻中稻瘟病抗性基因分布及抗性研究

稻瘟病严重威胁着水稻的安全生产。目前,培育抗性品种是控制稻瘟病危害最经济有效的途径之一。本研究利用11个主效稻瘟病抗性(R)基因(Pi2、Piz-t、Pi9、Pi54、Pik-m、Pid3、Pib、Pit、Pi5、Ptr和Pita)的分子标记对48个常规稻、15个不育系和129个杂交稻进行了检测。结果表明,在常规稻中,Ptr和Pi5的分布频率均为35.42%,Pib、Pi2、Piz-t、Pit的分布频率介于20.0%~30.0%之间,其余均在15%以下;在不育系中,Pita的分布频率为40.0%,其余均在20%以下;杂交稻中,Pita、Pib、Pi54、Ptr和Pi5的分布频率在40.31%~55.04%之间,其余均在20%以下;Pita在各个品系中均广泛存在,频率介于35.42%~51.16%。田间抗性评价表明,R基因较多的品种具有较高的抗性。综上所述,在参试的水稻材料中,不育系中存在抗性基因较少,所有类型材料中广谱抗性基因分布较少,抗性基因聚合可以有效提高稻瘟病田间抗性。     

水稻稻瘟病抗性的研究进展

稻瘟病是当前粳稻主产区危害最严重的病害之一,而品种抗病性的利用则被公认为是病害综合防治的根本策略。本文从抗性鉴定方法、抗性资源筛选和发掘、抗性遗传规律及抗病基因定位3个方面,对水稻稻瘟病抗性的研究进展进行了简要综述,以期为水稻抗稻瘟病的育种提供参考。同时对水稻品种稻瘟病抗性研究的现存问题与今后的研究方向进行了讨论。     

稻瘟病抗性基因的克隆及应用研究进展

稻瘟病是水稻三大病害之一,每年都给水稻生产造成巨大损失,挖掘并合理利用品种自身抗性是解决稻瘟病危害的最有效途径。本文综述了水稻稻瘟病抗性基因克隆、功能标记开发以及稻瘟病抗性分子标记辅助选择育种研究进展,为进一步克隆、研究、应用稻瘟病抗性基因提供理论指导。     

水稻稻瘟病抗性基因及稻瘟病菌无毒基因研究进展

稻瘟病是水稻生产上最为重要的病害之一,可引起大幅度减产.水稻—稻瘟病菌互作机制是目前研究植物与病原物互作的模式系统.关于稻瘟病抗性基因、稻瘟病菌无毒基因的研究取得显著进展,为水稻抗稻瘟病分子标记辅助育种、基因工程育种及稻瘟病绿色防治提供了广阔的前景.对稻瘟病菌侵染机制、稻瘟病抗性基因定位与克隆、抗病基因和无毒基因的互作...     

水稻稻瘟病抗性育种研究进展

稻瘟病是水稻三大病害之一。综述了稻瘟病菌的致病机理、病菌的变异性和抗稻瘟病基因的定位、克隆的研究进展，以及抗稻瘟病育种的主要方法，并就目前稻瘟病育种中存在的问题和相应的对策进行了分析探讨，以为加速抗稻瘟病育种工作进程，提高工作成效提供依据。     

水稻稻瘟病抗性基因的定位及克隆研究进展

发掘利用抗稻瘟病基因是防治稻瘟病的基本策略之一。综述了抗稻瘟病基因的发掘、定位和克隆的相关研究情况,初步统计了目前已精细定位和克隆的主效抗稻瘟病基因。     

水稻稻瘟病抗性育种研究进展

稻瘟病是水稻三大病害之一.综述了稻瘟病菌的致病机理、病菌的变异性和抗稻瘟病基因的定位、克隆的研究进展,以及抗稻瘟病育种的主要方法,并就目前稻瘟病育种中存在的问题和相应的对策进行了分析探讨,以为加速抗稻瘟病育种工作进程,提高工作成效提供依据.     

杂交水稻稻瘟病抗性育种体系研究进展

改良稻瘟病抗性是当前杂交水稻育种的主要目标之一。从稻瘟病生理小种的鉴定、水稻材料的接种鉴定、抗源筛选、抗性基因的分子检测及抗瘟性品种的选育等方面介绍了杂交水稻稻瘟病抗性育种研究进展。     

水稻抗稻瘟病分子机制研究进展

稻瘟病是危害世界水稻生产最严重的真菌病害之一。稻瘟病菌生理小种变异快，水稻品种的抗性一般仅能维持3~5年。培育和种植抗性品种是目前最经济有效的措施。近年来，对稻瘟病菌致病机制和抗性基因分子机理的系统研究，加深了对该病原菌-宿主系统中病原相关分子模式诱导的免疫反应机制和病原菌效应蛋白诱导的免疫反应机制的了解。本文综述了水稻抗稻瘟病的两种天然免疫机制研究的最新进展，并对目前水稻抗稻瘟病分子机制研究中急需解决的问题和挑战进行探讨和展望。     

水稻抗稻瘟病分子机制研究进展

稻瘟病是危害世界水稻生产最严重的真菌病害之一。稻瘟病菌生理小种变异快,水稻品种的抗性一般仅能维持3~5年。培育和种植抗性品种是目前最经济有效的措施。近年来,对稻瘟病菌致病机制和抗性基因分子机理的系统研究,加深了对该病原菌-宿主系统中病原相关分子模式诱导的免疫反应机制和病原菌效应蛋白诱导的免疫反应机制的了解。本文综述了水稻抗稻瘟病的两种天然免疫机制研究的最新进展,并对目前水稻抗稻瘟病分子机制研究中急需解决的问题和挑战进行探讨和展望。     

Clustering of Major Genes Conferring Blast Resistance in a Durable Resistance Rice Cultivar Gumei 2

By using 304 recombinant inbred lines derived from indica rice cross Zhong 156/Gumei 2, a linkage map consisting of 177 marker loci and covering 12 rice chromosomes was constructed and employed for mapping genes conferring blast resistance in rice. Genomic location of gene Pi25(t) conferring neck blast resistance to the Chinese isolate 92-183 (race ZC15) was verified to be located between markers A7 and RG456 on chromosome 6, with genetic distances of 1.7 cM and 1.5 cM to A7 and RG456,respectively. Leaf blast resistance of Gumei 2 to the Philippine isolate Ca89 (lineage 4) was found to be controlled by a single gene. The gene tentatively designated as Pi26(t) was located between makers B10 and R674 on chromosome 6, with genetic distances of 5.7 cM and 25.8 cM to B10 and R674 respectively. Resistant alleles at both gene loci were derived from Gumei 2,indicating an existence of resistance gene cluster in Gumei 2.     

利用分子育种技术改良水稻稻瘟病抗性

为选育具有稻瘟病持久抗性的水稻新品系提供可利用资源,1993 年以小粒野生稻为外源DNA供体,采用花粉管通道法,将其稻瘟病抗性导入栽培稻24D中。经过4 年连续6 代的选择,成功地将小粒野生稻稻瘟病抗性转移到栽培稻中,获得了9 份苗叶瘟和穗颈瘟均得到改良的抗性材料。因此,利用分子育种技术改良水稻抗病性是可行的。     

Clustering of Major Genes Conferring Blast Resistance in a Durable Resistance Rice Cultivar Gumei 2

By using 304 recombinant inbred lines derived from indica rice cross Zhong 156/Gumei 2, a linkage map consisting of 177 marker loci and covering 12 rice chromosomes was constructed and employed for mapping genes conferring blast resistance in rice. Genomic location of gene Pi25(t) conferring neck blast resistance to the Chinese isolate 92-183 (race ZC15) was verified to be located between markers A7 and RG456 on chromosome 6, with genetic distances of 1.7 cM and 1.5 cM to A7 and RG456, respectively. Leaf blast resistance of Gumei 2 to the Philippine isolate Ca89 (lineage 4) was found to be controlled by a single gene. The gene tentatively designated as Pi26(\) was located between makers B10 and R674 on chromosome 6, with genetic distances of 5.7 cM and 25.8 cM to B10 and R674 respectively. Resistant alleles at both gene loci were derived from Gumei 2, indicating an existence of resistance gene cluster in Gumei 2.     

Genetic Transformation of Rice with Pi-d2 Gene Enhances Resistance to Rice Blast Fungus Magnaporthe oryzae

The gene Pi-d2, conferring gene-for-gene resistance to the Chinese blast strain ZB15, was isolated from a rice variety (Digu) by the map-based cloning strategy. Here, we constructed a control plasmid pZH01-pi-d2tp309 (pZH01-tp309) and three different expression constructs, pCB-Pi-d25.3kb (pCB5.3kb), pCB-Pi-d26.3kb (pCB6.3kb) and pZH01-Pi-d22.72kb (pZH01-2.72kb) of Pi-d2, driven by Pi-d2 gene's own promoter or CaMV35S promoter. These constructs were separately introduced into japonica rice varieties Lijiangxintuanhegu, Taipei 309, Nipponbare and Zhonghua 9 through Agrobacterium- mediated transformation. A total of 150 transgenic rice plants were obtained from the regenerated calli selected on hygromycin. PCR, RT-PCR and Southern-blotting assay showed that the gene of interest had been integrated into rice genome and stably inherited. Thirty-five transgenic lines independently derived from T1 progeny were inoculated with the rice blast strain ZB15. Transformants exhibited resistance to rice blast at various levels. The lesions on the transgenic plant leaves were less severe than those on the controls and the resistance level of transgenic plants harboring the gene of interest from three vectors had no difference. The own promoter of Pi-d2, about 2.2 kb or 3.2 kb, had the similar promoter function as CaMV35S. Field evaluation for three successive years supported the results of artificial trial, and some lines with high resistance to rice leaf blast and neck blast were obtained.     

八个抗稻瘟病基因在华南籼型杂交水稻中的分布

【目的】已克隆的稻瘟病抗性基因Pi1、Pik-p、Pik-h、Pi2、Pi9、Piz-t、Pita、Pii对不同稻区的稻瘟病菌表现较广谱的抗性,被广泛应用于水稻抗瘟性育种。为了明确上述抗性基因在华南稻区杂交稻组合中的分布及其组合的抗病有效性,【方法】利用上述8个抗病基因的功能标记,对华南328个杂交稻组合进行了抗瘟基因型分子检测。【结果】抗性基因Pita和Pii分布频率最高,在测试组合中检出率分别为84.76%与67.68%;其次是Pi2与Pik-p,分别为22.87%与13.72%;检出频率较低的是Pi1、Piz-t和Pik-h,分别为5.18%、3.35%与2.13%,检测的品种都不携带抗性基因Pi9。在单个杂交稻组合中,检出的抗瘟基因数量最多是4个。抗病性评价结果表明,杂交稻组合中检出的抗病基因数量越多,其表现为抗病品种的频率就越高;含4个抗病基因的杂交稻组合中,抗病品种所占比率达91.67%。含有不同抗瘟基因的组合表现出不同水平的抗瘟性,其中Pi2与Pi1对华南稻区稻瘟病的抗病性贡献最大,其他抗病基因的贡献大小依次是Pik-h、Pik-p、Pita、Pii与Piz-t。【结论】本研究为华南稻区杂交稻抗病品种基因型的合理布局以及抗瘟基因的应用提供了科学依据。