大约克猪SLA-1原核表达载体的构建及表达

为构建大约克猪SLA-1胞外区的原核表达载体及表达目的蛋白,试验设计1对引物,经PCR扩增获得大约克猪SLA-1胞外区基因（命名为SLA-1-DYKe）,将此片段克隆至pMD^®19-T Simple Vector,转化大肠杆菌TOP10感受态细胞,经Nde Ⅰ和Xho Ⅰ双酶切筛选阳性克隆菌并测序,将目的基因插入到原核表达载体pET-28a（+）中,转化至宿主菌BL21（DE3）进行诱导表达,用SDS-PAGE检测目的蛋白的表达情况,大量诱导提取包涵体并检测。结果显示,PCR成功扩增SLA-1-DYKe的胞外区,得到大小为837 bp的目的基因,目的基因成功克隆至pMD^®19-T Simple Vector,并获得序列正确的重组质粒。以得到的重组质粒成功构建了SLA-1-DYKe/pET-28a（+）表达载体,目的蛋白大小约为34 ku。本研究成功构建了大约克猪SLA-1原核表达载体,获得了表达蛋白,为今后研究大约克猪SLA-1的空间结构和基因功能奠定了基础。     

鸡传染性支气管炎病毒Holte株S1基因在昆虫杆状病毒系统的表达及其抗原性分析

为真核表达鸡传染性支气管炎病毒(IBV)S1蛋白并鉴定其抗原性,本研究采用RT-PCR方法扩增出IBV Holte株S1基因,并将其克隆于昆虫杆状病毒转移载体pFastBacHT中,通过大肠杆茵中同源重组构建重组杆粒Bacmid-S1,将重组杆粒转染至Sf9细胞中,获得含S1基因的重组杆状病毒.将该重组杆状病毒感染Sf9细胞进行表达,经间接免疫荧光、SDS-PAGE和western blot鉴定结果表明:IBV Holte株的S1蛋白能够在Sf9中以可溶形式表达,蛋白大小约为64 ku,该蛋白具有天然蛋白的抗原性.本研究为生产检测IB的诊断试剂和研制新型IB重组亚单位疫苗奠定基础.     

东北白鹅CD4基因的克隆及其胞外区的表达与抗血清的制备

本研究根据GenBank公布的绿头鸭CD4(AF378701)基因序列设计引物,RT-PCR获得东北白鹅CD4基因。根据测序结果设计特异性引物,克隆得到东北白鹅CD4胞外区基因,并在pET-32a(+)/Rosetta(DE3)pLysS系统中进行原核表达。经IPTG诱导重组蛋白获得表达,Ni-NTA柱亲和层析获得纯化的重组蛋白,以纯化的重组蛋白为免疫原制备兔抗鹅CD4胞外区抗血清。I-ELISA、Western blot和流式细胞仪分析表明抗血清可特异识别重组蛋白以及分离获得的东北白鹅外周血T淋巴细胞,间接免疫荧光试验证实纯化的抗血清可特异性识别瞬时真核表达的鹅CD4胞外区蛋白。以上结果说明制备的抗血清可作为鹅CD4+T淋巴细胞的检测试剂。     

禽流感病毒NS1蛋白在杆状病毒表达系统中的表达

为获得纯化的禽流感病毒(AIV)的NS1蛋白,将A/chicken/Guangxi/10/99(H9N2)(CK/GX/10/99)NS1全长核苷酸克隆至杆状病毒转移载体pFastBacHTA中,构建了重组转移载体pFastBacHTA-NS1,然后转化入DH10Bac感受态细胞中制备重组杆粒,在脂质体介导下转染sf9昆虫细胞,获得表达NS1基因的重组杆状病毒。用重组杆状病毒转染昆虫细胞sf9进行NS1蛋白的表达,通过SDS-PAGE电泳、Western blot、间接免疫荧光(IFA)对表达的目标蛋白进行分析。结果表明,构建了含NS1基因的重组杆状病毒,分子质量约30ku的重组蛋白得到了表达,为NS1的相关功能研究奠定了基础。     

鸭TLR3基因胞外区的原核表达及抗体制备

采用PCR方法扩增鸭TLR3基因胞外区,将其克隆至原核表达载体p ET-32a(+)中,转化大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)菌株,经IPTG诱导后,表达重组TLR3蛋白,并从包涵体中纯化重组蛋白。结果显示,PCR扩增得到972 bp的TLR3基因胞外区,用纯化的重组TLR3蛋白免疫实验兔,制备TLR3的多克隆抗体,用Western blot和ELISA检测其特异性及效价。本研究成功表达了TLR3基因胞外区,用该蛋白免疫实验兔后,制备的多抗能与TLR3特异性反应。     

羊C3d基因与细粒棘球蚴EG95s基因在杆状病毒中的串联表达

本研究通过构建含有3拷贝羊C3d基因与细粒棘球蚴EG95s基因的重组杆状病毒,旨在通过昆虫细胞表达EG95-(C3d)3重组融合蛋白,为原核表达和真核表达EG95-(C3d)3重组融合蛋白的免疫效果的比较奠定了基础.将细粒棘球蚴EG95s基因与3拷贝羊C3d基因串联,插入pTarget载体,获得重组质粒pTarget-EG95-(C3d)3,利用BamH Ⅰ和Xba Ⅰ双酶切位点将目的基因EG95-(C3d)3克隆至Bac-to-Bac系统的转移载体pFastBac-Hta中,获得pFastBacHta-EG95-(C3d)3重组质粒,将该重组质粒转化含穿梭载体Bacmid的感受态细胞DH10Bac中进行转座重组,获得携带3拷贝羊C3d基因与细粒棘球蚴EG95s基因的重组转座子rBacmid-EG95-(C3d)3,转染Sf9昆虫细胞后获得EG95-(C3d)3重组杆状病毒,并表达EG95-(C3d)3重组融合蛋白,采用SDS-PAGE和Western blotting进行重组蛋白的鉴定.同时利用昆虫细胞表达蛋白对羊棘球蚴病特异性抗体进行检测.结果表明,获得了EG95-(C3d)3重组杆状病毒,且EG95-(C3d)3重组融合蛋白在Sf9昆虫细胞得到了正确表达,大小约为132 ku,Western blotting鉴定结果显示表达的EG95-(C3d)3重组融合蛋白能与细粒棘球蚴阳性血清产生特异性反应,表明EG95-(C3d)3基因表达产物具有免疫活性.同时表达蛋白对羊棘球蚴病特异性抗体有良好的敏感性.EG95-(C3d)3基因在昆虫细胞获得表达,为原核表达和真核表达EG95-(C3d)3重组融合蛋白的免疫效果的比较,及细粒棘球蚴病的高效检测方法的建立奠定了基础.     

猪圆环病毒2型重组Cap蛋白在昆虫杆状病毒中的表达

猪圆环病毒2型(PCV2)基因组包含2个开放阅读框架(ORFs),其中ORF1编码病毒复制相关蛋白(Rep),ORF2编码病毒衣壳蛋白(Cap).为了在昆虫细胞表达Cap蛋白,本研究采用PCR扩增PCV2-ORF2编码基因,将PCR产物插入到昆虫杆状病毒转移载体上,经酶切反应及DNA序列分析得到验证.重组质粒与昆虫杆状病毒线性基因组混合,转染到昆虫细胞(Sf-21)进行基因重组,经3次病毒蚀斑克隆,获得高效表达Cap蛋白的重组杆状病毒,毒价可达1.28×108pfu/mL.采用SDS-PAGE凝胶电泳分析表明,重组Cap融合蛋白分子量为32.8 ku,占总蛋白含量的17.2%.免疫印迹试验分析表明,重组Cap蛋白与PCV2阳性血清产生特异性反应,证明该重组蛋白具有良好的免疫活性反应.本研究为进一步进行该病毒分子诊断、亚单位疫苗以及分子生物学等研究奠定了基础.     

大肠杆菌肽聚糖合成酶MraY在杆状病毒系统中的表达

磷酸-N-乙酰胞壁酸酯-胸腺喷丁转位酶(MraY)是参与大肠杆菌细胞壁合成的一种膜蛋白.由于该蛋白不能通过大肠杆菌表达系统进行过表达制备重组蛋白,本研究采用杆状病毒表达系统,通过PCR从大肠杆菌基因组中扩增出目的基因MraY,纯化后克隆于pFastBac 1质粒中构建重组转移质粒pFastBac-MraY.将其转化DH10感受态,构建重组杆粒Bacmid-MraY,并转染于Sf9昆虫细胞中进行重组杆状病毒制备和目的蛋白表达,采用westem blot和间接免疫荧光鉴定结果表明,目的蛋白在昆中细胞Sf9中获得表达,分子量为41 ku并以可溶性形式表达.该蛋白的表达为MraY的高级结构的解析以及噬菌体溶菌机制的研究奠定了基础.     

猪PD-1胞外区基因的克隆及原核表达

为研究PD-1/PD-L1通路在猪免疫抑制性疾病中的作用,根据猪的PD-1的基因序列,设计扩增其胞外区的引物,从猪PBMC基因组中通过PCR扩增获得猪PD-1胞外区基因片段,测序正确后克隆至原核表达载体pET-32a(+),构建重组原核表达质粒pET32-PD1,转化大肠埃希菌DH5α。挑选可疑菌落鉴定正确后转至Rosetta(DE3)进行诱导表达,表达产物进行SDS-PAGE和Western blot分析。结果表明,在37℃、0.5mmol/L IPTG条件下诱导获得33ku的PD-1胞外区融合蛋白,能够被其多抗血清、His标签抗体和人PD-1抗体所识别。本研究为制备其单克隆抗体和研究PD-1/PD-L1在猪免疫抑制性疾病中的作用提供了材料。     

AsiaⅠ型口蹄疫病毒VP1基因在昆虫细胞/杆状病毒中的表达

利用杆状病毒表达系统对Asia Ⅰ型口蹄疫病毒(foot-and-mouth disease virus,FMDV)VPl基因在Sf9昆虫细胞中进行表达,为研究Asia Ⅰ型FMDV VP1蛋白功能及建立Asia Ⅰ型FMDV血清学诊断方法奠定基础.采用PCR方法从pGEM-T-Easy-Asia Ⅰ型VP1质粒中扩增VP1基因,将其插入杆状病毒转座载体pFastBacHTA,构建的重组质粒pFast-BaeHTA-VPl再转入DH10Bae感受态细胞,经三重抗性与蓝白斑筛选,获得杆状病毒重组质粒Baemid-VPl,然后转染Sf9昆虫细胞.PCR鉴定证实VP1基因正确地插入到Bacmid中,成功构建了杆状病毒重组质粒Baemid-VP1,SDS-PAGE和West-ern-blotting检测结果表明,VP1基因在Sf9昆虫细胞中表达出约26.5 ku的VP1蛋白.将可溶性表达的融合蛋白用Ni-NTA亲和层析方法进行纯化,通过ELISA分析,能特异性地检测出Asia Ⅰ型口蹄疫病毒阳性血清.Asia Ⅰ型FMDV VP1基因在杆状病毒表达系统中的成功表达为Asia Ⅰ型FMDV VP1蛋白的抗原性及血清学抗体水平检测研究奠定了基础.     

马传染性贫血病毒受体选择性剪接异构体的鉴定与分析

马慢病毒受体1(ELR1)是马传染性贫血病毒(EIAV)唯一受体,属于肿瘤坏死因子受体超家族。为研究ELR1 mRNA选择性剪接的状况,本研究从EIAV靶细胞的巨噬细胞中提取RNA,经RT-PCR扩增并克隆测序。结果显示,ELR1 mRNA具有不同形式的选择性剪接异构体,主要表现为插入和缺失形式。插入片段为153 bp,位于序列的786 nt～787 nt之间,而缺失型异构体丢失了ELR1序列的415 nt～478 nt。不论序列的插入或缺失,均导致该基因编码框移位。特别是插入型异构体,编码框在跨膜区之前遇到终止密码子,造成翻译的提前终止,推测产生截短的可溶性ELR1。这些剪接异构体的鉴定为研究EIAV与机体的相互作用提供了新的研究方向。     

Infection of equine monocyte-derived macrophages with an attenuated equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV) strain induces a strong resistance to the infection by a virulent EIAV strain

The Chinese attenuated equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV) vaccine has successfully protected millions of equine animals from EIA disease in China. Given that the induction of immune protection results from the interactions between viruses and hosts, a better understanding of the characteristics of vaccine strain infection and host responses would be useful for elucidating the mechanism of the induction of immune protection by the Chinese attenuated EIAV strain. In this study, we demonstrate in equine monocyte-derived macrophages (eMDM) that EIAV_FDDV13, a Chinese attenuated EIAV strain, induced a strong resistance to subsequent infection by a pathogenic strain, EIAV_UK3. Further experiments indicate that the expression of the soluble EIAV receptor sELR1, Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) and interferon β (IFNβ) was up-regulated in eMDM infected with EIAV_FDDV13 compared with eMDM infected with EIAV_UK3. Stimulating eMDM with poly I:C resulted in similar resistance to EIAV infection as induced by EIAV_FDDV13 and was correlated with enhanced TLR3, sELR1 and IFNβ expression. The knock down of TLR3 mRNA significantly impaired poly I:C-stimulated resistance to EIAV, greatly reducing the expression of sELR1 and IFNβ and lowered the level of infection resistance induced by EIAV_FDDV13. These results indicate that the induction of restraining infection by EIAV_FDDV13 in macrophages is partially mediated through the up-regulated expression of the soluble viral receptor and IFNβ, and that the TLR3 pathway activation plays an important role in the development of an EIAV-resistant intracellular environment.

Electronic supplementary material

The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13567-014-0082-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.     

马传贫驴白细胞弱毒疫苗株跨膜蛋白主要免疫决定区基因的克隆与表达

从感染驴白细胞的马传贫驴白细胞弱毒疫苗株前病毒DNA中克隆了编码跨膜蛋白主要免疫决定区(TMIR)的基因，并在大肠杆菌中进行了表达。所表达的融合蛋白有一部分是可溶的，其氨基端带有6个组氨酸的标签，因此可以用固定化金属离子亲和层析法在非变性条件下进行纯化。在间接酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)和免疫印迹试验中，重组的TMIR蛋白可与马传贫阳性血清样品发生反应，而与健康马血清无任何反应。这表明该重组蛋白具有良好的抗原性和特异性，可用于马传贫弱毒疫苗株在体内外复制、接种马体内免疫应答及马传贫诊断的研究。     

Scanning and transmission electron microscopic study of equine infectious anemia virus.

Scanning and transmission electron microscopy were used to study in detail the morphogenesis and replication of equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV) in cultured, persistently infected equine fetal kidney fibroblasts. The EIAV was shown by thin-section electron microscopy to resemble morphologically more closely the members of the genus Lenti-virus in the family Retroviridae than other genera. Scanning electron microscopy demonstrated budding virus on only about 5% of the equine fetal kidney fibroblasts; however, the entire surface of these cells was involved in viral replication. Except where virus budding was observed, EIAV-infected cells were smooth and free of the topographic surface alterations characteristic of cells transformed by type C retroviruses. The morphologic relationship of EIAV and pathologic manifestations of EIAV infection to those of other Retroviridae are discussed.     

马传染性贫血病毒驴白细胞弱毒疫苗株致弱过程中不同代次病毒LTR的进化分析

为揭示马传染性贫血病毒(EIAV)弱毒疫苗的减毒机理,本研究对EIAV弱毒疫苗株在体外驴白细胞传代过程中不同代次毒株的长末端重复序列(LTR)进行扩增和分析。结果显示:随着病毒在体外传代次数的增加,各病毒株遗传多样性逐渐增加,并与致弱前亲本株EIAVDV117的遗传距离逐渐增大;EIAV在体外传代过程中LTR的变异主要集中在U3区和R区的转录起始位点,但随着传代次数的增加,在负调节区丢失了GATA结合位点,并在增强子区出现了E-box基序。此外,传代初期低代次病毒株与后期的高代次弱毒株在负调节区的AP-1结合位点和转录起始位点以及TAR的起始位点存在明显差异。     

Cross-neutralizing and subclass characteristics of antibody from horses with equine infectious anemia virus

Antibody responses in horses with equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV) were examined to determine their cross-neutralizing capacity. Antibodies induced by infection with any of six biologically cloned variants of EIAV cross-neutralized multiple variants from the group. Anti-EIAV antibody was found in both the IgG and IgG(T) subclasses in plasmas with virus-neutralizing activity and the majority of antiviral antibody was of the IgG(T) subclass. Depletion of IgG(T) did not increase the neutralization indexes of either neutralizing or non-neutralizing plasma samples.     

Molecular detection of equine infectious anemia virus in clinically normal, seronegative horses in an endemic area of Mexico

Equine infectious anemia (EIA) is a highly infectious disease in members of the Equidae family, caused by equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV). The disease severity ranges from subclinical to acute or chronic, and causes significant economic losses in the equine industry worldwide. Serologic tests for detection of EIAV infection have some concerns given the prolonged seroconversion time. Therefore, molecular methods are needed to improve surveillance programs for this disease. We attempted detection of EIAV in 6 clinical and 42 non-clinical horses in Nuevo Leon State, Mexico, using the agar gel immunodiffusion (AGID) test for antibody detection, and nested and hemi-nested PCR for detection of proviral DNA. We found that 6 of 6, 5 of 6, and 6 of 6 clinical horses were positive by AGID, nested PCR, and hemi-nested PCR, respectively, whereas 0 of 42, 1 of 42, and 9 of 42 non-clinical horses were positive by these tests, respectively. BLAST analysis of the 203-bp 5′-LTR/tat segment of PCR product revealed 83–93% identity with EIAV isolates in GenBank and reference strains from other countries. By phylogenetic analysis, our Mexican samples were grouped in a different clade than other sequences reported worldwide, indicating that the LRT/tat region represents an important target for the detection of non-clinical horses.     

Differential responses of Equus caballus and Equus asinus to infection with two pathogenic strains of equine infectious anemia virus

Most in vivo studies with equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV) have been performed in horses and ponies (Equus caballus) with little published information available detailing the clinical responses of donkeys (Equus asinus) to infection with this virus. Consequently, donkeys were inoculated with two strains of EIAV (EIAV(PV) and EIAV(WY)) which have been documented to produce disease in E. caballus. Four ponies, 561, 562, 564 and 567 and two donkeys, 3 and 5 were infected with EIAV(PV) and one horse (94-10) and one donkey (4) were infected with EIAV(WY). Although the horse and ponies all experienced clinical signs of disease, which in some cases were severe, the donkeys remained asymptomatic throughout a 365-day observation period, except for mild transient reductions in platelet counts. The results from serological assays, virus isolation from plasma and detection of plasma-associated viral RNA by RT-PCR, indicated that initial replication of EIAV(PV) and EIAV(WY) was lower in donkeys than in horses and ponies. This conclusion was confirmed using competitive RT-PCR, in which viral RNA levels in the plasma of EIAV(PV)-infected ponies was up to 100,000-fold higher than in infected donkeys during the first 20 days post-infection (dpi). Similar results were obtained in the EIAV(WY)-infected animals, in which viral RNA burdens in the donkey at 20 dpi were 1000-fold less than in the horse. However, infection of donkey and horse monocyte-derived macrophage cultures with EIAV(PV) demonstrated that these cells in vitro were equally susceptible to virus-induced cytopathic effects and yielded similar levels of progeny virus. This result suggests that factors other than host cell permissiveness mediate the clinical differences observed between horses and donkeys infected with EIAV(PV) or EIAV(WY).     

马传贫驴白细胞弱毒疫苗株基质蛋白基因的克隆与表达

从感染驴白细胞的马传贫驴白细胞弱毒疫苗株前病毒DNA中克隆了编码基质蛋白（p15)的基因，并在大肠杆菌中进行了表达，所表达的蛋白是一种可溶性的融合蛋白，其氨基端带有6个组氨酸的标签，因此可以用固定化金属离子亲和层析法在非变性条件下进行纯化，在间接ELISA和免疫印迹试验中，重组的基质蛋白可与马传贫阳性血清样品发生反应，而与健康马血清无任何反应，这表明该重组蛋白具有良好的抗原性和特异性，可用于马传贫弱毒疫苗株在体内外复制及在接种马体人免疫应答的研究中。