紫外光引发聚合P(AM-MAPTAC)及其响应面优化制备

以丙烯酰胺（AM）与甲基丙烯酰胺丙基三甲基氯化铵（MAPTAC）为共聚单体,通过紫外光引发聚合法制备阳离子聚丙烯酰胺絮凝剂P（AM-MAPTAC）。通过红外光谱（IR）与差热热重分析（TG/DSC）分别对P（AM-MAPTAC）进行结构表征与热稳定性分析,并采用响应曲面法得到优化制备条件：反应体系pH为4.75,引发剂v-044质量分数为0.07%,EDTA-2Na质量分数为0.20%,n（MATPAC）/n（AM）为0.33,光照时间为60 min。在优化条件下制备P（AM-MAPTAC）絮凝剂,特性粘度可达14.72 dL/g,通过污泥脱水实验可验证该特性粘度下的污泥脱水效果最好,滤饼含水率（FCMC）达70%,污泥比阻（SRF）达6.94×10¹²m/kg,上清液剩余浊度达9.70 NTU,污泥脱水效果优于市售常用絮凝剂。     

Synthesis of cationic polyacrylamide usinginverse emulsion polymerization

The cationic polyacrylamide is synthesized by acrylamide (AM) and propenoyl-ethyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (DAC) through inverse emulsion polymerization, using liquid paraffin as continuous phase and Span80-Tween80 as compound emulsifier. The influence factors for the viscosity of product and the stability of the system are discussed, such as the ratio of oil to water, emulsifier dosage, monomer dosage, cationic degree and initiator dosage. When the volume ratio of oil to water is 1∶1.6, the emulsifier dosage is 30%, the monomer dosage is 30%, the cationic degree is 60%, i.e. the molar ratio of AM to DAC is 2∶3, and the initiator dosage is 0.15%, the obtained product has high viscosity and stability. The effects of viscosity and polymer dosage on flocculating are studied in flocculating experiment, and the polymer structure is analyzed by IR spectrum.     

Synthesis, characterization and application of cationic P(AM-DMC) used for sludge dewatering

Cationic polyacrylamide (P(AM-DAC)) is synthesized by aqueous copolymerization using composite initiator system consists of redox initiator and organic initiator A. The optimum conditions used are as follows: the mass fraction of the redox initiator is 0.15‰, the mass fraction of the organic initiator A is 0.50‰, the gross mass fraction of monomer is 30%, the cationic degree is 40%, and the amount of solubilizer B is 0.20‰. Under these conditions, the molecular weight of the product got is 1.2×107, the dissolving time is 3 h. The structure is proved by IR analysis. DTA-TGA analysis shows that P(AM-DAC) can not be decomposed at room temperature. The results of concentrated sludge dewatering test show that good sludge dewatering results can be achieved using self-made P(AM-DAC) with 40%~80% cationic degree, the transmittance of filtrate is higher than 92%, and the water content ratio of filter cake is lower than 68%. The best sludge dewatering result can be achieved by using the self-made P(AM-DAC) with molecular weight 1.2×107 , cationic degree 40%, the optimum dosage 1.47 kg/t dry sludge, and the transmittance of filtrate is 96.90％, the water ratio of filter cake is 64.50％. The sludge dewatering performance is better than flocculants used in domestic sewage treatment works.     

超声波联合混凝法处理制药废水的研究

为了探讨单独超声波降解法、混凝法及2种方法联合处理制药废水的可行性,研究了超声波辐射时间、功率以及混凝剂的种类、浓度对制药废水中COD和NH3-N去除的影响。结果表明：（1）超声波单独处理制药废水时,COD和NH3-N去除率先随着超声波辐射时间(200~1000 s)的增大而增大,最佳时间为1000 s,COD和NH3-N的最大去除率分别为27.80%、45.34%;超声波辐射时间为1000 s,COD和NH3-N去除率随着超声波辐射功率的增大而先增大后减小。（2）单独用混凝剂处理制药废水时,COD的去除率随着混凝剂的浓度(0.1~0.6 g/L)的增大而先增大后减小,PAC在0.3 g/L时为最佳,COD的去除率为40.10%,NH3-N的平均去除率保持在5%左右。（3）在各自的最佳状态下,先用超声波处理后加混凝剂比先加混凝剂后用超声波处理的COD和NH3-N的去除率高,分别为61.24%、58.63%。试验表明,先用超声波处理后加混凝剂比先加混凝剂后用超声波处理对COD和NH3-N的去除率高。     

Effect of CCC on the Changes in the Levels of Starch, Protein and Nitrogen in the Source Leaf and Pods of Mung Bean (Vigna radiata [L.] Wilczek var. Guj-2)

Pot experiments were conducted on Mung bean by spraying 500, 1000 and 1500 ppm CCC, 14 days after the emergence of seedling to record the effect of CCC on the changes in the contents of starch, protein and nitrogen in the source leaf and pods of mung bean. Results showed that:
Dry weights of source leaf and pods were considerably increased by 1000 ppm CCC.
CCC at 1000 ppm increased the contents of starch, protein and nitrogen in source leaf and pods.
CCC at 1000 ppm enhanced the rate of depletion of dry matter in the source leaf.     

Effect of CCC on the Growth and Yield of Mung Bean (Vigna radiata [L.] Wilczek var. Guj-2)

Pot experiments were conducted on mung bean by spraying 500, 1000 and 1500 ppm CCC, 14 days after the emergence of seedlings. Results showed that:
CCC application at 1000 and 1500 ppm led to stem shortening.
Dry weight of shoot system, leaf area, leaf thickness and total chlorophyll content were significantly increased by 1000 ppm CCC.
CCC at 1000 ppm increased amylase and invertase activity in the leaf tissue.
CCC at 1000 ppm increased the pod number/plant, seed number/pod, leading to increased seed yield/plant.
CCC had no effect on the 1000 seed weight.     

流体动力式超声波增氧装置的设计与试验研究

为了提高水体增氧机的增氧效果,根据水力学中文丘里实验原理,结合流体动力式超声波发生原理,对流体动力式超声波增氧装置的进口段、喉管段以及簧片哨超声波所在位置的出口段进行设计,并初步研究了本装置对水中溶解氧的影响。结果表明该装置增氧后水中溶氧量为7.94 mg/L,超过当前温度水中溶氧量的饱和值7.82 mg/L,达到超饱和状态。因此该装置在污水处理、水产养殖和植物增氧灌溉等领域中具有良好的应用前景。     

甲醇钠催化体系下化学法与超声法对提高脂肪酸甲酯化度影响的研究

以棕榈油和棉籽油为原料,利用甲醇钠的高活性催化合成脂肪酸甲酯(FAME),通过对FAME的2种合成方法——化学法和超声法,所得FAME的转化率,以及反应条件的比较,来研究更适合于工业化生产的合成方法。通过实验确定了化学法和超声法合成棕榈油和棉籽油脂肪酸甲酯的最佳工艺条件;并且要达到相同的FAME转化率时,采用超声法时对反应条件的要求比化学法的要求低,尤其是反应时间明显缩短,因此更适合在工业生产上应用。此外,采用二次酯化或者脱除甘油,所得到的FAME的转化率明显比一次酯化的转化率有所提高。     

On Novel Synthetic Method and Performance of Polymeric Phosphate-aluminum Chloride (PPAC)

The optimal preparation conditions and coagulation/flocculation performance of polymeric phosphate-aluminum chloride (PPAC) were measured. Some parameters such as acid dosage, temperature, reaction time and P/AL molar ratio were investigated. Also, infrared spectroscopy and scattering electron were used to characterize the structure of PPAC. In addition, the coagulation/flocculation process was carried out for wastewater treatment. It is shown that the maximum alumina content is achieved when acid dosage, temperature, time and P/AL molar ratio are 48 ml, 100 ℃, 180 min and 02 respectively; infrared spectroscopy analysis fits well with the product structure; scattering electron analysis suggests a large surface area and a strong condensed state for PPAC; the removal efficiency of 731% and 990% for COD and turbidity respectively are obtained when coagulant dosage, pH value and agitation speed are 032 ml/L, 75~100 and 40 min respectively.     

Isolation and characterization of a rice mutant insensitive to cool temperatures on amylose synthesis

The Wx ^b gene, one of the alleles at the rice waxy(wx) locus, is activated at cool temperatures during seed development, andas a result, a large amount of amylose is accumulated causing a reductionin rice grain quality. We found that the seeds of a du mutant couldbe visibly distinguished depending on whether they matured at cool ornormal temperatures. Using these characteristics, we isolated a mutantcandidate insensitive to cool temperatures. While the amylose content inthe original line was about 2% at a normal temperature (28 °C)and 12% at a cool temperature (21 °C), in the mutant candidate(coi) the amylose content was not affected by temperatures, i.e. theamylose content was about 3% at both temperatures. This finding incombination with the results of an immunoblot analysis indicated that theabsence of an increase in the amylose content in this mutant was caused bya constant level of Wx gene expression at normal and cooltemperature. Genetic analysis revealed that this insensitivity to cooltemperatures was caused by a single recessive mutation. This mutantshould be useful in breeding programs designed to produce rice of desiredquality at cool temperatures and in understanding genetic and molecularmechanisms that respond to slight changes in temperature.