三江平原地区紫花苜蓿引种试验

在黑龙江三江平原地区引种11个国内外紫花苜蓿品种,通过对其越冬率、生长速度、抗逆性、分枝数、茎叶比、产草量等方面进行分析比较,结果表明,草原2号、龙牧803、龙牧801、龙牧806、草原1号、公农1号、新牧1号、肇东苜蓿优于其他品种,可在三江平原推广种植.     

三江平原地区紫花苜蓿引种试验

在黑龙江三江平原地区引种11个国内外紫花苜蓿品种，通过对其越冬率、生长速度、抗逆性、分枝数、茎叶比、产草量等方面进行分析比较，结果表明，草原2号、龙牧803、龙牧801、龙牧806、草原1号、公农1号、新牧1号、肇东苜蓿优于其他品种，可在三江平原推广种植。     

苜蓿引种筛选试验初报

对引自不同来源的11个苜蓿Medicago sativa品种进行了2年的引种筛选试验,通过对越冬率、分枝数、茎叶比、抗逆性、产草量分析比较,结果表明:龙牧801、龙牧803、公农1号、草原2号、龙牧806、肇东苜蓿优于其他品种,这6个品种可在黑龙江省松嫩平原半干旱地区推广种植.     

紫花苜蓿引种试验研究

为了丰富呼玛县的饲草饲料资源、筛选出适合当地种植和利用的紫花苜蓿品种,为我国北部高寒地区苜蓿的推广种植奠定基础,试验选择来源不同的10个紫花苜蓿品种在黑龙江省呼玛县进行引种筛选试验.通过3年(2006-2008年)的观测结果表明:龙牧801、龙牧803、敖汉苜蓿、肇东苜蓿、公农1号苜蓿、草原2号苜蓿、草原1号苜蓿7个苜...     

国内外苜蓿种质材料单株性状评价试验

为了评价不同苜蓿种质资源在齐齐哈尔地区的表现,试验对引进的30份国内外苜蓿种质资源单株的物候期、抗寒性、茎叶性状以及单株产量进行测定、评价。结果表明:育成品种、地方品种和引进品种在物候期、抗寒性和茎、叶、单株产量性状方面存在差异。育成品种和地方品种较引进品种不仅返青早,而且单株产量性状较优。返青较早的苜蓿品种有肇东苜蓿、海拉尔黄花苜蓿和草原1号苜蓿。单株干草产量在450 g以上的有5个,分别为肇东苜蓿、龙牧801苜蓿、龙牧803苜蓿、公农1号苜蓿、甘农1号杂花苜蓿。     

黑龙江省西部苜蓿品种比较试验

研究和比较11个苜蓿品种(Medicago sativa)生育期、越冬率、抗旱性、抗病虫性、生长速度、茎叶比以及生产性能等7个方面的差异。结果表明:龙牧801、龙牧803、公农1号、龙牧806和肇东苜蓿优于其他品种,可在黑龙江省西部地区推广种植。     

苜蓿叶片表面蜡质与不同来源苜蓿品种抗旱性的关系

为了研究苜蓿叶片表面蜡质与不同苜蓿品种抗旱性的关系,试验以5种抗旱性不同的苜蓿品种为材料,采用聚乙二醇(PEG)渗透胁迫的方法,对苜蓿幼苗叶片的相对含水量、脯氨酸含量和过氧化物酶(POD)活性进行测定;通过扫描电镜观察叶片表面蜡质覆盖情况,以三氯甲烷法抽提和测定叶片表面蜡质含量。结果表明:5种苜蓿叶片在PEG渗透胁迫下苜蓿叶片的相对含水量降低,脯氨酸含量增加,龙牧801、草原1号和敖汉苜蓿叶片的POD活性增加,龙牧81和皇后降低。抗旱性强的草原1号和敖汉苜蓿的叶片蜡质含量比较高,不同品种苜蓿叶片上表皮都有蜡质覆盖,蜡质密度不同,其中草原1号苜蓿叶片上下表皮均有蜡质覆盖,敖汉苜蓿叶片上表皮蜡质覆盖较密集,龙牧81和皇后苜蓿叶片上表皮蜡质的覆盖较稀疏。叶片表面蜡质出现线状、垂直片状、网状三种形态。从苜蓿幼苗的生理生化和蜡质含量综合分析,草原1号、敖汉抗旱性强,龙牧801居中,龙牧80和皇后抗旱性较弱。说明苜蓿品种叶片表面蜡质覆盖量与其抗旱能力呈正相关。     

龙牧801号、龙牧803号苜蓿品种简介

龙牧８０１号和龙牧８０３号苜蓿，是１９７６～１９９２年间黑龙江省畜牧研究所用野生二倍体扁蓿豆（MelissitusruthenicusC．W．chang）与地方良种四倍体肇东苜蓿（Medicsgosativazhaodong）进行远缘有性杂性育成的两个异源四倍体苜蓿新品种。１９９３年由全国牧草品种审定委员会评审通过，经国家农牧渔业部批准为育成品种。龙牧８０１号苜蓿抗逆性强，龙牧８０３号苜蓿以丰产性好为其主要特点。两个品种的植物学特征、生物特性和生产性能分述如下：１植物学特征两品种均为豆科苜蓿属草本植物。二倍体与四倍体杂交成为异源四倍体，多表…     

不同苜蓿品种营养价值的对应分析

以呼伦贝尔地区种植不同苜蓿(Medicago sativa)品种为研究对象,采用对应分析方法研究不同苜蓿品种与营养成分之间相关关系。对应分析能够比较直观地揭示苜蓿品种与营养成分含量之间的内在联系,同时也能够反映不同苜蓿品种中营养成分含量不同,结果表明:粗纤维与钙和磷之间相互关联程度较为密切,且具有较好的相关性,而水分与其他各养分之间的相关程度均较差; 10个苜蓿品种,其中龙牧801苜蓿和草原3号苜蓿中的粗蛋白含量相对较高,且龙牧801苜蓿营养成分含量远不同于西伯利亚杂花苜蓿的营养成分含量;根据营养成分含量不同可将10个苜蓿品种分为5个区域,其中龙牧801、草原3号、新疆大叶苜蓿为一个区域,WL168、肇东苜蓿、猎人河和辉腾原杂花苜蓿为一个区域,呼伦贝尔黄花苜蓿、甘农3号和西伯利亚杂花苜蓿各为一个区域。     

公农1号等苜蓿品种抗寒高产性能比较--筛选东北寒冷地区适宜品种

本文就公农一号等苜蓿品种的抗寒和高产性能进行了比较,认为在东北适宜的抗寒高产苜蓿品种有:公农一号、公农二号、肇东、龙牧801和龙牧803等5个品种,可以在生产上大面积推广应用。     

Phase I evaluation of CCNU (lomustine) in tumor-bearing cats

1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.     

Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects

Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.     

Prevalence of gastric lesions in racing Alaskan sled dogs

Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.     

Internal Parasites and Haematological Values in Cattle Slaughtered in Buea Subdivision of Cameroon

Tropical Animal Health and Production -     

The Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Nematodes of Dairy Cattle in Central Kenya

The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round.     

Diversity of Ectoparasites in Sheep Flocks in Sa~o Paulo,Brazil

The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host.     

Chemotaxis of macrophage in inflammation

Our particular attention in this article was given to natural mediators for macrophages isolated from the sites of tissue injury. A number of chemotactic factors, which may satisfy many criteria making them acceptable as inflammatory leucocyte chemotactic factors, has been separated. Among them, our laboratory has isolated three macrophage (monocyte) chemotactic factors (MCF-a, -b and -c). Their purification, characterization and functional specificity are discussed.     

Evaluation of biohydrogenation rate of canola vs. soya bean seeds as unsaturated fatty acids sources for ruminants in situ

An experiment was conducted to study disappearance of C14 to C18 fatty acids, lag times and biohydrogenation (BH) rates of C18 fatty acids of ground soya bean and canola seeds in situ. Three ruminally fistulated Dallagh sheep were used to determine ruminal BH of unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs). Differences in the disappearance of fatty acids through the bags and lag times were observed between the oilseeds. We saw that the longer the incubation time of the oilseeds in the rumen, the lower the content of C18:2 and C18:3. Significantly higher lag times for both C18:2 and C18:3 were observed in ground canola compared to ground soya bean. BH rates of C18:2 and C18:3 fatty acids in soya bean were three times higher than those of canola. These results suggest that the fatty acid profile of fat source can affect the BH of UFAs by rumen micro‐organisms. So that UFAs of canola had higher ability to escape from ruminal BH. It seems that fatty acid profile of ruminant products is more affected by canola seed compared to soya bean seed.     

Serum biochemical values and mineral element contents of tissues in yaks

Serum biochemical values and the wet weight to dry weight ratios of tissues were determined in yaks in Shandan county of Gansu province. The liver, kidney, heart and muscle contents of seven elements in yaks were also analysed. Most serum biochemical values were similar to those of cattle, camels and sheep, but the calcium concentration was considerably above the normal range for other ruminants. The liver contained the highest concentrations of copper, manganese and cobalt and the kidney of selenium, iron and calcium.Abbreviations Alb albumin - ALT alanine aminotransferase - AST aspartate aminotransferase - BUN blood urea nitrogen - Chol cholesterol - Glob globulin - -GT -glutamyl transpeptidase - IP inorganic phosphorus - TP total protein