生猪屠宰检疫检验存在的问题和对策

<正>扎实做好生猪屠宰检疫检验是确保肉品质量安全的必然要求,也是事关养殖业生产安全、人民群众身体健康和生命安全的可靠保障,更是全社会的共同期待。然而,在日常生猪屠宰检疫检验工作中,在动物疫病防控和确保肉品质量安全方面存在着诸多问题,亟待加以解决和整改。1存在的问题1.1产地检疫走形变样,生猪健康和肉品安全无以为靠乡镇畜牧站是承担动物产地检疫工作的主体力量。但在现实条件下,由于人员少、缺少相应的工作     

生猪屠宰检疫与肉品品质检验异同分析

生猪的屠宰检疫与肉品品质的检验是肉食品行业中最为关键的监督管理工作,二者之间有密切的联系也有一定的区别,国家和政府的相关部门应明确二者的职责划分,对工作内容有严格的规范,进而更好地确保生猪生产加工的安全性。1生猪屠宰检疫与肉品品质检验的区别要想更好地保障肉食品的质量安全,就需要明确生猪屠宰检疫与肉品品质检验的异同之处。首先二者存在内容差异,生猪的屠宰检疫工作由专门的动物检疫机构和专业人员负责,旨在于对动物疾病严格的防控,而肉品的品质检验工作是对肉品的性质以及细菌方面检验,对其有效地监督。     

肉食品必须加强检疫检验

肉食品检疫检验是关系到民生的大事,切不可疏忽和马虎,更不能懈怠。改革开放带来的肉品市场放开,加之我国地域辽阔,各地在落实肉品检疫检验工作情况还缺乏平衡发展态势,对落实肉食品检疫检验制度态度不一,致使对肉食品检疫检验工作存有很多问题。这些存在问题为改善肉食品必须加强检疫检验留下了理由。从国家管理角度看,必须加强对肉食品的检疫检验工作,否则,人民的肉食品安全将很难得到保障,国家对外贸易出口肉食品的国际信誉也将受到毁损,因此,强化对肉食品的检疫检验工作势在必行。     

屠宰检疫和肉品品质检验两检合一势在必行

<正>目前,我国屠宰厂保障肉品质量卫生安全的有两套检疫检验人员,一是代表国家行使职权的官方兽医,实施屠宰检疫;一是代表企业行使企业质量安全的检验员,实施肉品品质检验。从其工作的内容上,一个侧重传染性疾病;一个侧重肉品的质量,但总体都是为了保障肉品质量卫生安全。从其工作方法、工作部位、工作流程等方面看,大同小异。随着畜禽定点屠宰监管职能的     

生猪屠宰肉品品质检验存在问题及对策

正肉品品质检验是保障上市猪肉质量安全的重要手段和措施,与生猪屠宰检疫互为补充、相互印证。《生猪屠宰管理条例》《中华人民共和国农业农村部公告第10号》《生猪屠宰产品品质检验规程(GB/T1996-1999)》等要求屠宰企业做好肉品品质检验工作,检验合格方可销售。当前,生猪屠宰中肉品品质检验工作中还存在许多问题和不足,亟待改善。     

屠宰环节确保生猪产品质量安全的几项措施

近年来,随着人们生活水平的提高,对猪肉质量安全的要求也不断提高,猪肉是人们日常生活中的重要食品,其质量安全受到社会各界的普遍关注。笔者结合生猪屠宰检疫工作实际,按照有关法律法规规定要求,从生猪宰前检疫、屠宰同步检疫、肉品品质检验、无害化处理、出具检疫合格证明等方面严格把握相关措施,确保生猪肉品质量安全。     

对生猪屠宰检验检疫监管模式的思考

正生猪屠宰检验检疫工作是保证猪肉产品安全性的重要屏障,一直颇受国家重视。我国很早就建立了生猪屠宰管理体系,安排了检验、检疫两套人马为生猪产品安全保驾护航。但在检验检疫实践中,发现了许多问题,不利于生猪屠宰检验检疫的监管,需引起重视。1现行生猪屠宰检验、检疫监管模式存在的问题1.1屠宰检疫承揽全责,肉品质量安全主体错位按照现行的生猪屠宰检验、检疫监管模式规定由农业部门承担生猪的     

浅谈生猪屠宰检疫和肉品品质检验的要点及其相关性

在生猪屠宰过程中,由官方兽医实施的屠宰检疫和屠宰企业质检人员实施的生猪屠宰产品品质检验是保障肉品质量安全的基本措施。由于屠宰检疫和肉品品质检验流程复杂,且在许多方面相互交织、重叠,致使操作过程中存在职责不清、操作不规范的现象。本文就生猪屠宰检疫和肉品品质检验的要点进行了梳理,并对其异同点进行了分析和总结,为进一步提高基层检疫工作者的屠宰检疫检验水平提供参考。     

强化检疫检验 确保肉品安全

当前,国内外对动物食品卫生安全要求越来越高,人们不仅关心肉品的营养和口感,更加关心肉品安全。重大动物疫情的发生,使屠宰检疫和肉品品质检验愈显重要。理顺屠宰检疫与肉品品质检验的关系,明确责任,强化检疫检验,才能确保肉品安全。     

强化检疫检验确保肉品安全

当前,国内外对动物食品卫生安全要求越来越高,人们不仅关心肉品的营养和口感,更加关心肉品安全。重大动物疫情的发生,使屠宰检疫和肉品品质检验愈显重要。理顺屠宰检疫与肉品品质检验的关系,明确责任,强化检疫检验,才能确保肉品安全。     

Salmonella in pork cuttings in supermarkets and butchers' shops in Denmark in 2002 and 2006

The prevalence of Salmonella in fresh pork cuttings in Denmark in the years 2002 and 2006 was investigated at retail and compared with the retail supply pattern. A total of 1025 and 3473 samples were taken in 2002 from butcher's shops and supermarkets, respectively. The corresponding numbers in 2006 were 259 from butchers' shops and 628 from supermarkets. In 2002, 1.2% of all samples were positive for Salmonella; butchers' shops and supermarkets had 1.8% and 1.0% positive samples, respectively. The overall prevalence in 2006 was 4.2%, with prevalence of 8.1% and 2.6% for butchers' shops and supermarkets, respectively. Hence, increases around 3- to 5-fold were found. There was neither observed any parallel increase in Salmonella positive carcasses in Danish slaughterhouses during the study period, nor were any changes in supply routes towards slaughterhouses with higher prevalence observed, which could explain the apparent increase. We hypothesize that hygiene levels and ability to avoid cross-contamination and prevent growth of the organism, in the meat processing chain after slaughter were the most likely responsible factors. Results from this study indicate that the hygiene performance, particularly at retail, has a significant impact on the occurrence of Salmonella. This implies that there is no direct link between slaughterhouse Salmonella surveillance data and the level of Salmonella contamination at retail. To improve risk assessment of Salmonella in fresh pork meat, this study underlines the need for comprehensive retail data.     

Helminth and protozoan parasites in dogs and cats in Belgium

This study investigates the level of helminthic and protozoal infestation over the last 10 years in strays, well-cared-for dogs and cats. Determination of the prevalence of infections was based either on faecal examination or on worm counts at necropsy. Of 2324 faecal flotations (NaCl sp.gr. 1.20) of stray dogs, 34.2% had eggs or proglottids of one or more worm species consisting of Toxocara canis (17.4%), Toxascaris leonina (10.1%), Uncinaria stenocephala (11.4%), Trichuris vulpis (7.0%) and cestodes (2.1%). Isospora oocysts were observed in 5.2% of the dogs. The data on the distribution of the various worm species in the positive dogs indicate that T. canis eggs were by far the most common (50.9%). Necropsy data from 212 infected dogs indicate that 38.9% were infected with T. canis and 33.7% with T. leonina. The overall prevalence of worm infestation of 246 well-cared-for kennel dogs, based on worm egg counts by the McMaster technique, was 36.1%. Of 30 feline faecal samples examined by flotation, 83.3% were positive for parasites, including Toxocara cati (60%), Ancylostoma tubaeformae (36.6%), Taenia (Hydatigera) taeniaeformis (20%) and coccidia (30%). Toxocara cati was the most frequently found worm species at the necropsy of 25 cats (52%). Toxoplasma was not observed.     

Sanguinarine metabolism and pharmacokinetics study in vitro and in vivo

Sanguinarine (SA) is a benzo[c] phenanthridine alkaloid which has a variety of pharmacological properties. However, very little was known about the pharmacokinetics of SA and its metabolite dihydrosanguinarine (DHSA) in pigs. The purpose of this work was to study the intestinal metabolism of SA in vitro and in vivo. Reductive metabolite DHSA was detected during incubation of SA with intestinal mucosa microsomes, cytosol, and gut flora. After oral (p.o.) administration of SA, the result showed SA might be reduced to DHSA in pig intestine. After i.m. administration, SA and DHSA rapidly increased to reach their peak concentrations (C_max, 30.16 ± 5.85, 5.61 ± 0.73 ng/ml, respectively) at 0.25 hr. Both compounds were completely eliminated from the plasma after 24 hr. After single oral administration, SA and DHSA rapidly increased to reach their C_max (3.41 ± 0.36, 2.41 ± 0.24 ng/ml, respectively) at 2.75 ± 0.27 hr. The half-life (T_1/2) values were 2.33 ± 0.11 hr and 2.20 ± 0.12 hr for SA and DHSA, respectively. After multiple oral administration, the average steady-state concentrations (C_ss) of SA and DHSA were 3.03 ± 0.39 and 1.42 ± 0.20 ng/ml. The accumulation indexes for SA and DHSA were 1.21 and 1.11. The work reported here provides important information on the metabolism sites and pharmacokinetic character of SA. It explains the reasons for low toxicity of SA, which is useful for the evaluation of its performance.     

Chlortetracycline in swine-bioavailability and pharmacokinetics in fasted and fed pigs

Chlortetracycline hydrochloride was administered intra-arterially (11 mg/kg) and as an oral drench (33 mg/kg) to ten 21.0-31.5-kg pigs. Five of the pigs were fasted 18 h prior to dosing and five of the pigs were fed ad libitum prior to dosing. The mean volume of distribution determined by area-under-the-curve calculations for the fasted pigs (0.967 +/- 0.210 l/kg) was significantly less (P less than 0.05) than the mean volume of distribution for the fed pigs (1.39 +/- 0.31 l/kg). Mean total body clearance of the drug was also significantly less (P less than 0.05) in the fasted pigs (0.165 +/- 0.055 l/kg/h) as compared to the fed pigs (0.307 +/- 0.053 l/kg/h). The elimination constants (beta) were not found to be statistically different (P less than 0.05): 0.1811 +/- 0.0057 for the fasted pigs; 0.2260 +/- 0.0461 for the fed pigs. The bioavailability for both groups was similar; 19.12 +/- 8.3% for the fasted pigs and 17.88 +/- 5.3% for the fed pigs. In a second experiment three groups of six pigs which weighed 34.5-44.1 kg were fed a corn-soy diet ad libitum. The rations were fortified with chlortetracycline at 100, 400 or 1000 mg chlortetracycline hydrochloride/kg feed. Chlortetracycline concentrations were determined in plasma samples collected over a 6-day period. Plasma chlortetracycline concentrations reach a plateau within 24 h after initial access to the trial diets and were highly correlated with the dose of the drug consumed (r2 = 0.97).     

2005年国内蛋、肉鸡市场分析回顾及2006年走势预测

2005年如果没有年底的禽流感疫情,对于我国蛋鸡、肉鸡生产来说应该是一个非常完美的丰收年,是哪些因素导致了2005年蛋鸡市场如此好的行情?2006年我国家禽市场又将走向何方?……作者对以上热点问题进行了深入分析研究,供读者参考。     

Pharmacokinetics of penicillin-G in ewes and cows in late pregnancy and in early lactation

Concentrations of penicillin-G in serum were determined after single intravenous doses of potassium penicillin-G (10 mg/kg body wt) to ewes and cows in late pregnancy and in early lactation. Penicillin-G in serum was analysed by a microbiological method and pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by model-independent methods. Serum concentrations were lower in early lactation than in late pregnancy in both ewes and cows. The differences were statistically significant at most sampling times in ewes but only during the first hour in cows.
Weight corrected values of clearance and volume of distribution were significantly higher in early lactation than in late pregnancy in both ewes and cows. Mean residence time and elimination-half life were shorter in lactating than in pregnant ewes, however for the latter parameter the difference was not statistically significant. Neither of these parameters changed in cows.
It is concluded that in both ewes and cows pharmacokinetic parameters of penicillin-G are altered from late pregnancy to early lactation but that these changes have little practical impact and do not call for a revised dosage regime of the studied drug.     

Mycobiota and aflatoxins in raw materials and pet food in Brazil

Commercial feedstuffs are a basic element in modern pet husbandry in the world. In dogs, the effect of mycotoxins is severe and can lead to death. Few reports on the influence of dietary mycotoxins were found in the scientific literature. The aims of this work were to isolate and identify the mycoflora and to determine the aflatoxins (AFs) natural occurrence in raw materials and ready dry pet food. Therefore, the aflatoxigenic capacity of Aspergillus flavus species was investigated. Aspergillus was the prevalent genera (65-89%) followed by Penicillium and Fusarium spp. Aspergillus flavus was the most prevalent species, followed by Aspergillus sydowii, Aspergillus fumigatus and Aspergillus versicolor. Aspergillus flavus frequencies ranged from 58% to 86% except in sorghum meal. All samples assayed (except corn grains and ready pet food) showed Fusarium spp. contamination. Corn meal and corn meal and gluten samples had 100% Fusarium verticillioides. Fusarium graminearum was isolated from sorghum meal. Aspergillus flavus strains (75%) isolated from raw materials and 57% from pet food were able to produce AFs. All samples showed AFs contamination percentages over 70%; corn and sorghum meal obtained the highest AFs levels. Ready pet food did not show quantitative levels of the tested toxins. This is the first report of the aflatoxigenic capacity by A. flavus from Brazilian pet food.