那株最美的花

它的命运是清苦的,没有高贵的花盆,缺少滋养生命的水分和养料。不曾有人欣赏,然而,又默默的绽放,给人以芳香。所以,在花的世界里,它是最美的那一株。前年的冬天,伴随着飘零的雪花,妻子破门而入,怀揣一株枯萎的花。这株花,也许它饥渴无比,也许它寒冷     

祖国您好

东风化雨,彩虹满天,迎着朝阳,披着霞光,鲜艳的五星红旗在雄壮的国歌声中冉冉升起。五湖四海放声歌唱,三山五岳翩然起舞,五彩缤纷的气球飞起来,铿锵有力的锣鼓敲起来,震天撼     

让我们再爱一次

依帆坐在街边树阴下的一张白色的长椅上,恹恹地抽着烟,不知道这是他坐在这里抽的第几根烟了,在喷出的烟雾中,他茫然地看着街边来来往往的行人,似乎都带着冷漠,彼此擦肩而过,每个人都忙忙碌碌的,而这一切仿佛都与他无关。再有几个小时,他和她就要在此分手,各奔东西。抬眼望着马路对面那个欣欣宾馆,4楼的某个房间里,有他的妻。也许此刻她正在收拾着行李,依帆不想看到她面无表情的样子,所以他选择逃出来,抽烟。她,雨桐,依帆的大学同学,他的初恋,他的妻子。而从今天以后,她就不再是他的妻,不再是那个让他疼、让他气的宝贝了。     

书吧

世界对于我们有太多的未知与不解,生命的起源,文化的发展,科技的进步以及情感的归属等等,我们想知道的事情太多太多,想知道这些,书籍无疑是最好的工具。透过它们,我们不再困惑,不再迷茫,透过它们,一切都变得清晰起来……     

松林漫步(散文)

在松林里漫步,行走到大山深处的时候,身前身后都是翠绿的树木,把我围得严严实实,进退都显得有些困难。不过,它们绝对没有任何恶意,只是单纯的想呈现它们存在的姿态而已。它们就好似城市里的高楼,又似散步于天空的密集鸟群。在松林里漫步,心情是舒畅的。树叶会随风摇曳,激起阵阵松涛,如同波光闪动的湖面,如此柔软、翠绿,而且阴凉。我想,进入这样     

夏天的树(散文)

树是大地的孩子,春天的时候,母亲为它们分发了合体的新衣,然后,就任它们自由地长。不像孩童,要背着书包上学,要父母接送,要在礼拜天和假期里上各种补习班。无人管束的树倒也自觉,它们不会乱跑让母亲心焦,它们不会打闹让家人担忧,它们享受着自由的乐趣,呼吸着新鲜空气,与舒缓的风玩耍,与纷飞的鸟雀嬉戏。它们喜欢在夜晚做梦,梦见小鸟在枝头说着情话,     

我的父亲母亲

这些年,爸爸老了,越来越像个孩子。他对妈妈的依赖更多一些,出门总需要妈妈的陪伴,一刻没见到妈妈,便四处寻找,焦虑不安。仿佛,妈妈只有在他的视线范围内活动,他才心安。妈妈如同他的空气,没有这空气的存在,他便有了窒息的感觉。爸爸比妈妈大十岁。年轻的时候,十岁的差距没有现在这样明显。那时候,爸爸更独立一些,是     

优秀企业精品地板展示——生活家等

在欧洲,巴洛克的审美观在不同领域肆意表达,用不同的形象,以一种不规则的充满智慧的创意,填充生活的不同角落,替代了他们所厌倦的、传统的、规则的,机械的生活选择。巴洛克,是地板,更是文化与艺术的结合,它让生活充满了想象力,凸现个人品味与风格。把享受从传统木地板形式、经验与思考方式中释放出来,让我们放弃平常的感觉去经历变化和不规则,带领我们穿越时空、地域的界限,让生活与想象无拘无束的贴近、交流。     

精致的秋天

精致的秋天有最怡人的风。秋风似乎是一缕一缕的,跟着人的节奏跟着人的呼吸在吹,让人感觉一种天人合一的欢畅。经过炎夏的烘烤之后,每个人都渴望一份安宁一份清爽,于是秋风便担当起在你耳边絮语的角色。风吹耳畔,有点柔,有些绵,有着秋风特有的轻,有着秋风特有的静,这种轻和静,并非空洞无物,反而内涵丰富,像是一首词句朴实的小令,表面平淡无奇,内里却热烈缠绵。秋风吹来之际,你会感觉那是逐渐走近的一位素衣女子,仙女般轻盈,狐仙般奇幻,让你的秋天像神话一样魅力无穷。     

石城追思忆忠魂——聆听公安英烈子女讲述父亲的故事

张刘栋默默地忍住眼角泛起的泪花,面对众人,坚定地说出她的誓言。时隔十八年,革命烈士张永岗的女儿张刘栋已经成长为一名高三的学生,多次受到学校的表彰。在她的身后,是71名来自全国各地英烈子女的孩子,他们的父亲,有一个共同的名字——叫警察,穿着一样的制服,有着相似的经历,在祖国和人民需要的时候,挺身而出,以生命作为代价,谱写了自己的人生篇章。此     

Browsing Damage on Pine (Pinus sylvestris and P. contorta) by a migrating moose (Alces alces) Population in Winter: Relation to Habitat Composition and Road Barriers

In Scandinavia, moose (Alces alces L.) sometimes cause severe browsing damage to economically-important pine. Moose-vehicle accidents have spurred construction of fences along roads, and these may interfere with moose migration between summer and winter ranges, or the road alone may be a barrier. If this happens and moose build up along roads, landowners may suffer economically. Therefore, this study investigated whether roads, fences or other factors influence the use of young pine stands by moose. Eighty stands along roads in northern Sweden were evaluated in which individually-browsed branches were counted on 9972 pines. Moose browsing was not significantly related to birch (Betula pendula Roth, B. pubescens Ehrh.) density, nor did it differ between pines (Pinus contorta Douglas or P. sylvestris L.). However, increased pine density, site productivity and proximity to a highway were associated with increased browsing. Further large-scale studies are needed to understand moose habitat selection and the effects of roads.     

Effects of Root Freezing on the Physiology and Growth of Picea glauca,Picea mariana and Pinus banksiana Seedlings Under Different Soil Moisture Regimes

The root systems of 2-yr-old Picea glauca, Picea mariana and Pinus banksiana seedlings were submitted to various frost temperatures during an artificial frost to induce different levels of root damage. Frost-damaged and control seedlings were placed in a greenhouse under high and low soil moisture regimes. Seedling growth and physiology were evaluated periodically. Seedling survival was reduced when root damage reached levels of 60-80%. Root systems of all three species showed partial to total recovery by the end of the experiment. In general, root freezing damage caused reductions in seedling growth, with these reductions becoming less significant over time. Root damage had little to no effect on black spruce and jack pine seedling physiology, while white spruce CO 2 uptake decreased with increasing root damage. Shoot nitrogen content of all three species decreased slightly with increasing root damage.     

Stand Structure in Pine,Spruce and Deciduous Forests: A Comparison Between Finnish and Russian Karelia

This study investigated the stand structure in pine, spruce and deciduous forests in the border district of Finland and Russia. A total of 46 mature forest stands was selected as pairs, the members of each pair being as similar as possible with respect to their forest site type, age, moisture and topography. The stands were then compared between the two countries by means of basal areas and number of stems. The proportions of dominating tree species were 2-12% lower, and correspondingly the proportions of secondary tree species higher, in Russian forests. The density of the forest stock was also higher in each forest type in Russia. The forests in the two countries differed most radically in terms of the abundance of dead trees. The amount was two to four times higher in Russian deciduous and spruce forests, and in pine forests the difference was 10-fold. The stand structures indicated that Russian coniferous stands, in particular, were more heterogeneous than intensively managed pine and spruce stands in Finland.     

Growth and Terminal Bud Formation in Picea abies Seedlings Grown with Alternating Diurnal Temperature and Different Light Qualities

The root collar diameter and the height:diameter ratio are of particular importance in container-grown seedlings where a high density in the containers may produce spindly seedlings. Temperature regimes and light quality are known to affect plant growth. The aim of this study was to identify responses in Picea abies (L.) Karst. seedlings grown with light providing different red:far-red ratios and under temperature regimes with alternating day (DT) and night temperature (NT) from negative (DT < NT) to positive (DT > NT) difference (DIF) between DT and NT. Experiments were conducted in controlled environment chambers and in a daylight phytotron. Only limited thermoperiodic responses appeared in P . abies seedlings with respect to seedling height and dry weight accumulation. The formation of terminal buds, however, was clearly delayed in seedlings grown at negative DIF. The results indicate a requirement for day extension light that is high in far-red, to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. An extended study should be conducted to clarify the minimum level of light intensity and the optimal light quality needed to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions.     

CAD与建筑设计的关系

本文分析了CAD在设计中引起的正面和负面影响,并进行了系统的阐述,从而使设计者在应用中能够保持客观的态度。     

Natural Regeneration in Clear-cuts: Effects of Scarification,Slash Removal and Clear-cut Age

The effects of soil scarification (mounding), slash removal and clear-cut age on the natural regeneration in clear-cuts was evaluated using data from four sites in southern Sweden. The treatments were carried out during a good seed and establishment year for birch ( Betula pubescens Ehrh. and B. pendula Roth). Scarification had the strongest positive effect on the density of naturally regenerated seedlings, especially in birch, but also in pine ( Pinus sylvestris L.) and spruce [ Picea abies (L.) Karst]. Slash removal had a positive effect on birch density. No statistically significant effect of clear-cut age was found. In addition, no statistically significant interactions between clear-cut age and scarification or slash removal were found. The ingrowth of field vegetation was the fastest in areas that were not scarified, less rapid in areas scarified on old clear-cuts, and the slowest after scarification in fresh clear-cuts. In conclusion, it may be possible to control the density of birch during a good establishment year for birch. If birch is desired, the best combination of treatments is to remove the slash and scarify; otherwise, these treatments should be avoided.     

Risk Perception Among Non-industrial Private Forest Owners

Based on an enquiry, risk perception among non-industrial private forest owners is described in relation to climate change and forestry hazards. Of the respondents, 11% took action to remedy the effects of climate change. Out of a given set, hazards were ranked according to each respondent's experience of recent substantial financial loss to the estate and in relation to his or her willingness to make investments aimed at risk reduction. For each hazard, the respondent assessed the risk in four classes ranging from very high to negligible risk. Six hazards were considered most problematic in all three aspects: browsing damage, falling timber prices, damage by wind, spruce bark beetle, root rot and pine weevil. A majority of the respondents claimed to take action to reduce the risk associated with at least one hazard, while 35% did not know whether they did. Excluding climate change, the need for decision support was the largest in relation to damage by wind owing to a combination of perceived high risk and a high level of ignorance in relation to whether risk-reducing measures were taken.     

Interactions in decomposition and N mineralization between tropical legume residue components

In situ produced plant residues contain a mixture of different plant components of varying quality. To assess synergistic or antagonistic interactions occurring during the decomposition and mineralization of such mixtures, individual plant parts (stems, leaves, leaf litter and roots) or the mixture of stems, leaves and leaf litter of the agroforestry species pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan) or of crop residues of peanut (Arachis hypogaea) or of the weed hairy indigo (Indigofera hirsuta) were incubated in pots for 19 weeks. Periodically, remaining plant residues were sieved out (>2 mm), weighed and N content as well as soil mineral N determined. Above- and below-ground residues of peanut decomposed fastest and showed the largest N release in agreement with their high N concentration and low-acid detergent fibre (ADF) : N ratio. Hairy indigo was hypothesized to be of lower quality than pigeonpea because of its high-polyphenol content. However, it decomposed faster than pigeonpea, largely because of the higher N and lower lignin concentration of its components. Ranking of individual plant components for N mineralization resulted in the following pattern, leaves > leaf litter > roots > stems. In mixtures of the different plant components a similar species order in decomposition was obtained, e.g. peanut > hairy indigo > pigeonpea. The amount of N released from the mixture was dominated by stem material that comprised 46–61% of the mixture. The interactions in mixtures were relatively small for peanut (generally high-quality components) as well as for pigeonpea (low proportion of high-quality components, i.e. N rich leaf material). However, a positive interaction occurred during later stages of N mineralization in the mixture of hairy indigo as it had a significant proportion of N rich components and absence of highly reactive polyphenols. Thus, for plants with low to intermediate chemical quality attributes, manipulating plant composition (e.g. by varying harvest age, affecting stem and leaf proportions) will be important to obtain significant interactions during decomposition when its components are mixed.     

Pasture production and tree growth in a young pine plantation fertilized with inorganic fertilizers and milk sewage in northwestern Spain

The use of organic waste materials such as milk sewage as an organic fertilizer could have the dual advantages of organic-waste disposal and reduced dependence on inorganic fertilizers. The effects of fertilization with (1) conventional mineral fertilization, (2) milk sewage sludge at 40 kg N ha⁻¹ target rate and (3) no fertilization on pasture production and tree growth were examined in an experiment consisting of two pasture mixtures under a one-year-old Pinus radiata plantation with a density of 2500 trees ha⁻¹. The two pasture mixtures were: (1) Dactylis glomerata L. var. saborto (25 kg ha⁻¹) + Trifolium repens L. group Ladino (4 kg ha⁻¹) + Trifolium pratense L. var. Marino (1 kg ha⁻¹); (2) Lolium perenne L. var. Tove (25 kg ha⁻¹) + Trifolium repens L. group Ladino (4 kg ha⁻¹) + Trifolium pratense L. var. Marino (1 kg ha⁻¹). The experiment began in the spring of 1995 using a randomized block design with three replicates in Castro Riberas de Lea (Lugo, Galicia, north-western Spain). Plot size was 12 × 8 m², with a 1 m buffer strip between plots. Two-year data showed that fertilization with either material had a positive effect on pasture production, with no significant difference between the two fertilization treatments. Tree growth in the milk sewage sludge plot was significantly higher than in the control plots. Inorganic fertilization increased pasture production, but affected tree growth negatively. The results show that milk sewage sludge could be used as a fertilizer in silvo-pastoral systems. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.