母猪繁殖中的维生素E营养

论述了维生素E对母猪繁殖性能的影响。研究表明,在母猪日粮中添加维生素E能降低胚胎和仔猪死亡率,显著提高产仔数,从而改善母猪的繁殖性能。     

维生素E在繁殖母猪营养中的作用

繁殖母猪日粮中添加高水平的维生素Ｅ,能改善母猪和仔猪的免疫功能,提高母乳及仔猪体内维生素Ｅ的含量,提高母猪产仔数和存活仔猪数。实际应用中,维生素Ｅ的添加水平要高于饲养标准的推荐量。     

维生素E在繁殖母猪营养中的作用（综述）

引言西欧和北美各国对经产母猪日粮中维生素E的建议添加量差别很大(见表1)。丹麦日粮中维生素E的添加量高达37国际单位/千克,但在其他许多国家则低得多。ARC(1981)和NRC(1979)建议,经产母猪日粮中维生素E的添加量为10国际单位/千克,而荷兰为10～30国际单位/千克(Klaver和den Hartog, 1981)。     

维生素E与母猪繁殖

1　维生素Ｅ的特性维生素Ｅ又称生育酚 ,是一类具有活性的、化学结构相似的酚类化合物的总称。已知的维生素Ｅ有 8种 ,不同维生素Ｅ在结构上的区别 ,仅限于甲基数 ,两类维生素Ｅ均存在α、β、γ、σ四种同分异构体 ,其中以α-生育酚活性最高 ,分布最广 ,最具代表性。通常所说维生素Ｅ ,即α -生育酚。α -生育酚为黄色油状物 ,不溶于水 ,易溶于有机溶剂和植物油中 ,热稳定性较好 ,在无氧环境中能耐 2 0 0℃高温仍不变性 ,10 0℃以下不受无机酸的影响 ,但易氧化 ,能被酸败的脂肪、紫外线、钙、铁盐、铅盐等物质破坏。维生素Ｅ因具有吸收氧的…     

维生素A、E和叶酸对母猪繁殖性能的调控

维生素A、E和叶酸对母猪的繁殖性能具有重要的影响。该综述主要对维生素A、E和叶酸的添加阶段、添加方式、添加剂量及其添加形式进行分析比较,总结得出维生素的最佳使用方式,为母猪生产提供参考。     

母猪的维生素营养

维生素A与β－胡萝卜素、维生素E与硒、维生素D3、叶酸、生物素、核黄素、烟酸与维生素C等对母猪的繁殖性能具有重要意义，本文对这些维生素与母猪繁殖性能之间的关系进行综述。     

添加维生素对母猪繁殖性能的影响

维生素是猪维持健康、正常发育所必需要的微量营养成分,其需要量很少,在母猪繁殖中起着重要的作用. 1 维生素A 在NRC(1988)标准基础上,提高维生素A的水平,可进一步提高母猪的繁殖性能,日粮中添加脂肪含量增加维生素A的需要量.现代养猪生产主张哺乳期采用高能水平饲养,因此,应增加维生素A的添加量.高水平的维生素A还可促进免疫反应,一般维生素A实际添加量为标准的2～3倍.而日粮中添加β -胡萝卜素对母猪繁殖性能具有更大的影响.多数研究结果表明β -胡萝卜素的供给量以200～300mg/(头.d)为宜.     

繁殖母猪的维生素E与硒营养(综述)

早在20世纪20年代，人们就发现维生素E(又名生育酚)能有效地防止鼠胎儿的死亡和被吸收。Ullery(1981)认为维生素E与哺乳动物繁殖功能有关。硒(Se)是谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)的组成成分，对母猪的繁殖功能也起着重要作用。繁殖母猪的维生素E和Se严重缺乏易导致胎儿被吸收(Adamstone等，1949)和窝产仔数降低(Mahan等，     

维生素A对母猪繁殖性能的影响

在概述VA的来源、代谢及对母猪繁殖性能的作用机理的基础上，阐明了VA缺乏对繁殖母猪生产性能的影响，着重指出：VA在提高繁殖母猪生产性能中起着积极作用，是不可缺少的营养素之一。     

妊娠母猪的精氨酸营养与胎儿发育

子宫内胎儿发育迟缓(IUGR)是养猪生产中的严重问题,妊娠母猪精氨酸不足可能是造成IUGR的主要原因。精氨酸在体内代谢过程中会产生一氧化氮(NO)、多胺等,这对于血管生成、胚胎形成、胎盘滋养层生长、子宫胎盘的血流量等都很重要。给妊娠母猪补充精氨酸可以增加母猪的产仔数,提高仔猪的初生重和成活率。随着生产工艺的改进和基础研究的发展,精氨酸作为一种重要的功能性氨基酸,必将在动物生产中被广泛应用。     

妊娠母猪的营养需要研究进展

本文综述了妊娠母猪对能量、氨基酸、维生素、纤维素的适宜需要量及其对生产性能的影响。     

Vitamin E concentration in the blood serum of sows during pregnancy and lactation]

The dynamics of vitamin E in the blood serum of sows of the Slovak Large White breed was studied from the 10th day of gravidity to the 20th day of lactation. A slight variation was observed in the average values of serum vitamin E from the 10th to the 50th day of gravidity (from 0.134 to 0.122 and 0.129 mg per 100 ml). A rise to the absolutely highest average values of serum concentration of vitamin E, 0.166 mg per 100 ml, was ascertained in the period from the 70th to the 90th day of gravidity. In the subsequent period, i.e. 110th day of gravidity, the value dropped to 0.120 mg per 100 ml, and on the 5th day of lactation the absolutely lowest value (0.095 mg per 100 ml) for the whole study was obtained. On the 20th day of lactation the serum concentration of vitamin E increased on an average to 0.103 mg per 100 ml. These data indicate the critical periods in the levels of vitamin E; these are from the 90th to the 100th day of gravidity and the first days of lactation when the concentration of vitamin E markedly decreases. If vitamin E is not supplemented to the sows during gravidity in sufficient amounts, preclinical and clinical vitamin E deficiency can be expected to occur.     

Gastric cannulation of pregnant sows

The purpose of this project was to study the effect of superalimentation in lactating sows through permanent, surgically placed, gastric cannulas. A surgical technique was developed to install gastric cannulas into pregnant sows to allow superalimentation by introducing feed through the cannula. After induction of general anesthesia, a flexible, T-shaped cannula (22 mm outside diameter) was surgically placed in the dorsal portion of the greater curvature of the stomach and exteriorized through the tenth intercostal space approximately 30 cm left of the dorsal midline. Cannulas were installed on day 85 +/- 5 days of gestation. Anesthesia, surgical procedures, and the subsequent presence of the cannula did not affect the size or number of live pigs at birth. In addition, the prevalence of stillbirths and mummified fetuses was not significantly different than that of noncannulated sows. The gastric cannulas did not affect lactation performance, as litter size and weight were unaffected when compared with that in noncannulated controls. Postmortem examination of euthanatized sows revealed adhesions of the gastric wall to the abdominal wall, thus eliminating the possibility of leakage of the gastric contents into the peritoneum. Detrimental effects of the cannulas on gastric function or capacity were not detected, and cannulas could be maintained through multiple parities.     

妊娠母猪精氨酸营养研究进展

精氨酸对妊娠母猪的营养作用正被人们重新认识并不断深化,依赖内源合成以及传统日粮供给不足以支持母猪妊娠阶段最佳营养需要,额外添加精氨酸对提高孕期母猪繁殖性能具有重要意义。     

泌乳母猪的营养

母猪泌乳期的饲养目标是 :最大限度地提高母猪泌乳量和乳品质以使仔猪窝增重最大 ;使母猪泌乳期失重最小 ,尽可能缩短断奶 -发情间隔 ,并提高下一繁殖周期的排卵数。为获得母猪最佳的长期的繁殖效率 ,需最大限度地减少其泌乳期失重(Dourmad等 ,1 994)。增加泌乳期的采食量是母猪饲喂方案中最重要的方面 ,应最大限度地提高母猪泌乳期的采食量。1　泌乳期的采食量及其影响因素许多研究已证明 ,母猪繁殖性能随泌乳期采食量的增加而改善 ,泌乳期间的总采食量与母猪泌乳性能以及随后的繁殖性能之间呈正相关关系。Ah erne( 1 994)报道 ,将初产母…     

Infrared thermography to evaluate lameness in pregnant sows

Early detection of lameness in sows is important to reduce losses and improve animal welfare. Mild-to-moderate lameness is difficult to diagnose in sows. Infrared thermography (IRT) was evaluated as a method of detecting signs of inflammation in the lower limbs as an aid in lameness detection.